1. A method of producing an aqueous solution comprising of organically modified siloxanes and silanes by noble-metal-catalyzed reaction of
a) siloxanes andor silanes having at least one SiH group with
b) compounds which have one double bond per molecule,
wherein the reaction is carried out in
c) water as reaction medium.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more siloxanes which have non-terminal SiH groups are used as component a).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes of the platinum metals.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes of the Karstedt type.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the siloxane is of the general formula (I):
in which
R may be a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a methyl group,
R\u2032 may be hydrogen andor R,
m is selected from the ranges consisting of 0 to 500, 10 to 200, and 15 to 100,
n is selected from the ranges consisting of 0 to 60, 0 to 30, and 0.1 to 25,
k is selected from the ranges consisting of 0 to 10, and 0 to 4,
with the proviso that R\u2032 is at least once hydrogen.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
R is a methyl group,
R\u2032 is hydrogen andor R,
m is 15 to 100,
n is 0.1 to 25,
k is 0 to 4,
with the proviso that R\u2032 is at least once hydrogen.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein compounds according to b) having one double bond per molecule are compounds of the general formula CH2\u2550CH\u2014(CH2)b\u2014Rb (III),
in which
b may be 0 or 1 and
Rb is a hydrocarbon radical \u2014(O)x\u2032\u2014RIV
in which
x\u2032 is 0 or 1,
RIV may be selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 47 carbon atoms, or Rb is a polyether radical of the general formula \u2014O\u2014PE,
in which
PE is any desired homo- or copolyether with blockwise arrangement or random distribution of the polyether segments \u2014(CH2\u2014CH(RS)O)\u2014R\u2033
in which
R\u2033 is a hydrogen radical, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the group \u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032\u2033 where R\u2032\u2033=alkyl radicals; the group \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014R\u2032; an alkylaryl group, such as the benzyl group; the group \u2014C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, \u2014SO3\u2212K+\u2014COO\u2212K+ and K+ is hydrogen or an organic or inorganic cation and
Rs may be identical or different and is hydrogen, C1-4-alkyl or aryl radicals.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the compounds according to b) are selected from the group consisting of:
CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014(CH2\u2014CH2O\u2014)x\u2014(CH2\u2014CH(R\u2032)O\u2014)y\u2014(SO)z\u2014R\u2033;
CH2\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014(CH2\u2014CH2O\u2014)x\u2014(CH2\u2014CH(R\u2032)O\u2014)y\u2014R\u2033;
CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2\u2014RIV; and
CH2\u2550CH\u2014(O)x\u2032\u2014RIV;
in which
x=0 to 100,
x\u2032=0 or 1,
y=0 to 100,
z=0 to 100,
R\u2032 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and
R\u2033 is a hydrogen radical or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the group \u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032\u2033 where R\u2032\u2033=alkyl radical; the group \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014R\u2032; an alkylaryl group, such as the benzyl group; the group \u2014C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, \u2014SO3\u2212K+, \u2014COO\u2212K+ where K+=hydrogen or an organic or inorganic cation,
RIV is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 47, and 13 to 37, carbon atoms,
SO is the radical \u2014CH(C6H5)\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the compounds according to b) are selected from the group consisting of:
CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014(CH2\u2014CH2O\u2014)x\u2014(CH2\u2014CH(R\u2032)O\u2014)y\u2014(SO)z\u2014R\u2033;
CH2\u2550CH\u2014O\u2014(CH2\u2014CH2O\u2014)x\u2014(CH2\u2014CH(R\u2032)O\u2014)y\u2014R\u2033;
CH2\u2550CH\u2014CH2RIV; and
CH2\u2550CH\u2014(O)x\u2032\u2014RIV;
in which
x=0 to 100,
x\u2032=0 or 1,
y=0 to 100,
z=0 to 100,
R\u2032 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and
R\u2033 is a hydrogen radical or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the group \u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032\u2033 where R\u2032\u2033=alkyl radical; the group \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014R\u2032; an alkylaryl group, such as the benzyl group; the group \u2014C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, \u2014SO3\u2212K+, \u2014COO\u2212K+ where K+=hydrogen or an organic or inorganic cation,
RIV is selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 47, and 13 to 37, carbon atoms,
SO is the radical \u2014CH(C6H5)\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein RIV may be selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having 13 to 37 carbon atoms.
12. The method of claim 2, wherein the reaction is catalyzed by metal complexes of the platinum metals.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition is odorless.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the amount of water is at least 50% by weight of the total weight of a), b) and c).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A metal separator for a fuel cell, comprising:
a plurality of flow passage grooves for flowing a fluid for operating the fuel cell;
manifold holes provided on each side of an upper stream and a lower stream of the plurality of flow passage grooves and formed so as to penetrate a separator made of metal for the fuel cell;
communication grooves formed on a separator surface of the separator, for connecting inletsoutlets of the plurality of flow passage grooves and the manifold holes to flow the fluid;
a fluid flowing structure part made of metal, in which a through hole is formed on the separator surface that forms the communication grooves, formed in the vicinity of the manifold hole so as to traverse the communication groove; and
a flat seal surface formed on the fluid flowing structure part, for sealing a surface of a member that shields an opening of the communication grooves in a state of a face contact.
2. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fluid flowing structure part has a flat-shaped seal member provided in parallel to the separator surface for forming the communication groove so as to be apart from the separator surface, the seal member forming the flat seal surface.
3. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a reinforcing member for reinforcing the fluid flowing structure part is provided in the part of the through hole.
4. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the reinforcing member is formed into a sectional arch-like member.
5. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the reinforcing members are provided along the communication groove in a longitudinal direction thereof, and a plurality of reinforcing members are arranged at predetermined intervals in a transverse direction of the communication groove.
6. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fluid flowing structure part is formed separately from the separator, and is attached to the communication groove.
7. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fluid flowing structure part is formed by processing including folding of a part of the separator.
8. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the fluid passage grooves have a cross-sectional face having a continuous trapezoidal waveform structure.
9. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the communication grooves have a width gradually increasing toward inletoutlet sides of the plurality of flow passage grooves from the manifold holes side.
10. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein both side faces of the communication groove are formed by gaskets attached to the surface of the separator.
11. The metal separator for the fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein a Ti plate material or a Ti clad material having thickness of 50 \u03bcm or more and 0.2 mm or less is used in the fluid flowing structure part.