1. An apparatus for scrubbing substrates, the apparatus comprising:
a scrubbing medium having an axial bore;
a mandrel having a section disposed through the axial bore of the scrubbing medium, the mandrel being configured so that it exerts an adjustable axial compression on the scrubbing medium.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mandrel comprises a clamping mechanism to exert the adjustable axial compression on the scrubbing medium.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mandrel comprises at least one flange andor at least one washer coupled to the scrubbing medium so as to exert the adjustable axial compression on the scrubbing medium.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the mandrel comprises at least one flange andor at least one washer coupled to the scrubbing medium, and at least one threadably coupled nut andor at least one threadably coupled screw or bolt disposed so as to urge the at least one flange andor the at least one washer toward the scrubbing medium so as to exert the adjustable axial compression on the scrubbing medium.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the axial compression on the scrubbing medium is sufficient to increase the stiffness of the scrubbing medium to accomplish increased scrubbing effectiveness for the apparatus.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the scrubbing medium comprises nonwoven felt, impregnated nonwoven fabric, or open cell foam.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the scrubbing medium comprises polyvinyl acetal foam.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the scrubbing medium comprises a plurality of disks placed side by side, the disks have a center hole that forms the axial bore.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks have one or more tabs and the mandrel has at least one structure configured to receive the one or more tabs so as to prevent the disks from rotating independently from rotation of the mandrel.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks comprise fluid permeable material.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks comprise nonwoven felt, impregnated nonwoven fabric, or open cell foam.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks comprise polyvinyl acetal foam.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks comprise polyester, nylon, rayon, cotton, polyurethane, polyethylene, or combinations thereof.
14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks comprise substantially non-permeable materials.
15. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks comprise closed cell foam or solid elastomers.
16. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the surface of the disks has one or more patterns formed thereon so as to modify fluid flow characteristics andor stiffness.
17. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the surface of the disks has an x-y pattern of grooves formed thereon.
18. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the surface of the disks have one or more perforations so as to modify fluid flow characteristics andor stiffness.
19. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks have an outer edge surface patterned with one or more structural patterns formed thereon so that the relative positioning of adjacent disks on the mandrel provides adjustable geometries on the scrubber surface.
20. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the disks have an outer edge that has a scalloped pattern or polygon pattern so that the disk can be optionally aligned to give the scrubbing surface a continuous pattern or intentionally offset to give the scrubbing surface an alternating pattern.
21. A method of scrubbing substrates using the apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising:
adjusting the axial compression applied to the scrubbing medium so that the stiffness of the scrubbing medium becomes substantially optimized for removing contaminants from the substrates;
scrubbing one or more substrates;
measuring the effectiveness of the scrubbing of the substrates; and
re-adjusting the axial compression if the scrubbing effectiveness decreases.
22. A method of scrubbing substrates using the apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising:
adjusting the axial compression applied to the scrubbing medium so that the stiffness of the scrubbing medium becomes substantially optimized for removing contaminants from the substrates;
scrubbing one or more substrates;
re-adjusting the axial compression applied to the scrubbing medium so that stiffness of the scrubbing medium andor fluid flow through the scrubbing medium become substantially optimized for removing another type of contaminant; and
scrubbing one or more substrates.
23. A roller scrubber for substrates, the roller scrubber comprising:
a scrubbing medium comprising a plurality of discrete disks having a center hole, the disks being disposed side by side so that the center holes form an axial bore in the scrubbing medium, wherein the combined outer edges of the plurality of disks form a scrubbing surface of the roller scrubber.
24. The roller scrubber of claim 23, further comprising a flow-through mandrel disposed through the axial bore of the scrubbing medium, the mandrel being configured to exert axial compression on the discrete disks so as to adjust the stiffness of the scrubbing medium andor the fluid flow through properties of the scrubbing medium to substantially optimize substrate scrubbing.
25. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the disks comprise fluid permeable material.
26. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the disks comprises nonwoven felt, impregnated nonwoven fabric, or open cell foam.
27. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the disks comprise polyvinyl acetal foam
28. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the disks comprises polyester, nylon, rayon, cotton, polyurethane, polyethylene, or combinations thereof.
29. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the disks comprises substantially non-permeable materials.
30. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the disks comprise closed cell foam or solid elastomers.
31. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the surface of the disks has one or more patterns formed thereon so as to modify fluid flow characteristics andor stiffness of the disks.
32. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the surface of the disks has an x-y pattern of grooves formed thereon so as to modify fluid flow characteristics andor stiffness of the disks.
33. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the surface of the disks have one or more perforations so as to modify fluid flow characteristics andor stiffness of the disks.
34. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the disks have an outer edge surface patterned with one or more structural patterns formed thereon so that the relative positioning of adjacent disks on the mandrel provides adjustable geometries on the scrubber surface.
35. The roller scrubber of claim 23, wherein the disks have an outer edge that has a scalloped pattern or polygon pattern so that the disk can be optionally aligned to give the scrubbing surface a continuous pattern or intentionally offset to give the scrubbing surface an alternating pattern.
36. A method of constructing a roller scrubber for scrubbing substrates, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of disks of scrubbing medium, the disks having a center hole;
providing a flow-through mandrel having a first flange, washer, andor nut proximate one end and a second flange, washer, andor nut proximate the opposite end;
stacking the plurality of disks onto the flow through mandrel between the first flange, washer, andor nut and the second flange, washer, andor nut so that the mandrel is disposed through the center holes of the plurality of disks and the combined outer edges of the plurality of disks form a scrubbing surface.
37. The method of claim 36, further comprising exerting and holding axial compression on the plurality of disks using the first flange, washer, andor nut and the second flange, washer, andor nut so that the stiffness of the scrubbing surface is increased.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein the amount of compression of the plurality of disks is adjusted by adding one or more disks or removing one or more disks.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for verifying that the origin of a client request is from a pre-authorized organization over a computer network comprising:
a. A client browser which initiates the request; The client resides within the network domain of an Organization A;
b. The Organization A will have a web-server which has the capability of communicating over SSL;
c. Another web-server residing with the network domain of Organization B and configured to receive requests from the client in Organization A;
d. This web-server is also configured to communicate over SSL and validate the credentials of EV SSL certificates.
2. The web-server in claim 1 b further comprising a \u201cSecurity Device\u201d.
This \u201cSecurity Device\u201d is setup to communicate over SSL and will have a valid EV SSL certificate from a valid certification authority.
3. The system of claim 2\u2014the \u201cSecurity Device\u201d\u2014acts as a proxy through which the client from Organization A communicates with server in Organization B.
4. The system of claim 2\u2014the \u201cSecurity Device\u201d\u2014adds the EV SSL certificate to the http header of the client’s request before sending the request to the server residing on Organization B.
5. The system of claim 1 c further comprising an \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d.
6. The system of claim 5\u2014the \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d\u2014has the capability extracting the credentials from a valid EV SSL certificate.
7. The system of claim 5 further comprising of a list of valid organizations with which it is allowed to do transactions with.
8. A method for the client to send a request from Organization A to Organization B, and Organization B capable of validating that request, the method comprising:
a. A client request from Organization A to start a transaction with the \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d in Organization B;
b. The \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d asks client to start using a \u201cSecurity Device\u201d already setup in Organization A for further communication;
c. The \u201cSecurity Device\u201d in Organization A is configured to be SSL enabled and has a valid EV SSL certificate from a valid certificate authority;
d. The \u201cSecurity Device\u201d now acts as a proxy for all client request to the server in Organization B;
e. The \u201cSecurity Device\u201d adds the EV SSL credential to all the http request being sent to the \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d;
f. Once the \u201cSecurity Device\u201d of Organization A sends a request to \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d in Organization B, the \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d can extract the credentials from the EV SSL certificate from the request;
g. The \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d has a pre-defined list of valid Organizations that it is allowed to do transaction with;
h. If the credentials of the EV SSL certificate is part of this pre-defined list, then \u201cAuthenticator Device\u201d validates the transaction, else it denies further transactions;