I claim:
1. A method for treating a patient suffering from an autoimmune disorder, said method comprising administering an effective amount of an antibody composition, wherein said antibody composition comprises anti-idiotype antibodies, or antigen binding fragments thereof, which can bind to and inhibit self-reactive pathogenic autoantibodies present in the patient.
2. The method, according to claim 1, wherein said autoimmune disorder is characterized by the destruction of patients’ cells by autoantibodies.
3. The method, according to claim 2, wherein said anti-idiotype antibodies are immunoreactive with idiotypic determinants present or antibodies associated with an autoimmune disease selected from the group comprising systemic lupus erythematosus, masthenia gravis, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
4. The method, according to claim 3, wherein said anti-idiotype antibodies are immunoreactive with anti-DNA antibodies.
5. The method, according to claim 4, wherein said anti-idiotype antibodies are immunoreactive with idiotypic determinants present on said anti-DNA antibodies, wherein said idiotypic determinants are selected from the group consisting of F4, 3I, 8.12, and 166.
6. The method, according to claim 1, wherein said antibody composition is administered intravenously.
7. The method, according to claim 6, wherein said antibody composition is administered as a dextrose saline solution.
8. A method for preparing an antibody composition comprising anti-idiotype antibodies, comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting pooled gamma globulin with a solid phase substrate, said substrate comprising an idiotypic determinant of a self-reactive pathogenic autoantibody, wherein said anti-idiotype antibodies present in said pooled gamma globulin bind to said idiotypic determinant; and
(b) eluting said anti-idiotype antibodies bound to said idiotypic determinant.
9. The method, according to claim 8, wherein said idiotypic determinant is expressed on an antibody coupled to said substrate.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein said antibody coupled to said substrate expresses anti-DNA idiotypic determinants selected from the group consisting of F4, 3I, 8.12 and 166.
11. The method according to claim 8 further comprising washing said substrate with a suitable wash buffer prior to eluting in Step (b).
12. The method, according to claim 8, wherein said substrate comprises a plurality of idiotypic determinants of self-reactive pathogenic autoantibody.
13. The method, according to claim 8, wherein said idiotypic determinant comprises a synthetic peptide that duplicates an idiotypic determinant present on a self-reactive autoantibody.
14. An antibody composition, wherein said antibody composition comprises anti-idiotypic antibodies, or antigen binding fragments thereof, which can bind to and inhibit self-reactive pathogenic autoantibodies.
15. The antibody composition, according to claim 14, wherein said anti-idiotypic antibodies are immunoreactive with idiotypic determinants present or antibodies associated with an autoimmune diseased selected from the group comprising systemic lupus erythematosus, masthenia gravis, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
16. The antibody composition, according to claim 14, wherein said anti-idiotypic antibodies are immunoreactive with anti-DNA antibodies.
17. The antibody composition, according to claim 16, wherein said anti-idiotypic antibodies are immunoreactive with idiotypic determinants present on said anti-DNA antibodies, wherein said idiotypic determinants are selected from the group consisting of F4, 3I, 8.12, and 166.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An exhaust gas catalytic converter having an upstream catalyst and a downstream catalyst which are arranged in upstream and downstream sides of an engine exhaust passage through which exhaust gas flows, wherein
each of the upstream catalyst and the downstream catalyst contains an oxygen storage component, wherein
the oxygen storage component in the upstream catalyst has a structure in which Rh atoms are placed at or between crystal lattice points of a mixed oxide containing Ce and Zr and has a larger amount of oxygen storage than the oxygen storage component in the downstream catalyst under a same temperature conditions.
2. The exhaust gas catalytic converter of claim 1, wherein
the oxygen storage component in the downstream catalyst has a structure in which Rh atoms are placed at or between crystal lattice points of a mixed oxide containing different ingredients from the oxygen storage component in the upstream catalyst, and
the oxygen storage component in the upstream catalyst has a higher rate of oxygen storage than the oxygen storage component in the downstream catalyst under a same temperature conditions.
3. The exhaust gas catalytic converter of claim 2, wherein
the oxygen storage component in the upstream catalyst has a structure in which Rh atoms are placed at or between crystal lattice points of a Ce\u2014\u2014Zr\u2014\u2014Nd ternary oxide, and
the oxygen storage component in the downstream catalyst has a structure in which Rh atoms are placed at or between crystal lattice points of a Ce\u2014\u2014Zr binary oxide.
4. An exhaust gas catalytic converter having an upstream catalyst and a downstream catalyst which are arranged in upstream and downstream sides of an engine exhaust passage through which exhaust gas flows, wherein
the upstream catalyst comprises an inner catalytic layer disposed on a support and an outer catalytic layer disposed on the inner catalytic layer, and
the outer catalytic layer contains an oxygen storage component in which Rh atoms are placed at or between crystal lattice points of a mixed oxide containing Ce, Zr and Nd.
5. The exhaust gas catalytic converter of claim 4, wherein the downstream catalyst contains at least one of an oxygen storage component in which Rh atoms are placed at or between crystal lattice points of a mixed oxide containing Ce and Zr and an oxygen storage component in which Rh particles are carried on a mixed oxide containing Ce and Zr.
6. The exhaust gas catalytic converter of claim 4 or 5, wherein the inner and outer catalytic layers of the upstream catalyst contain Pd and Pt, respectively.