1. A toner, comprising:
a binder resin; and
a wax consisting essentially of C\u2014H and C\u2014C bonds, and having a melting point of 50 to 90\xb0 C.,
wherein the wax is present in a surface portion of the toner in an amount of from 0.1 to 4.0% by weight, wherein the amount of the wax is determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR).
2. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the wax is at least one member selected from the group consisting of paraffin waxes, polyethylene waxes, and polypropylene waxes.
3. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner is manufactured by a method comprising emulsifying or dispersing a toner constituent mixture liquid comprising the wax, in an aqueous medium.
4. The toner according to claim 3, wherein the toner manufacturing method further comprises:
dissolving or dispersing a toner constituent mixture comprising the wax in an oily medium comprising an organic solvent to prepare the toner constituent mixture liquid; and
optionally removing the organic solvent.
5. The toner according to claim 3, wherein the toner constituent mixture liquid further comprises a compound having an active hydrogen group and a polymer capable of reacting with the active hydrogen group, and
wherein the toner manufacturing method further comprises:
subjecting the compound having an active hydrogen group and the polymer capable of reacting with the active hydrogen to a reaction to prepare the binder resin, when the toner constituent mixture liquid is emulsified or dispersed in the aqueous medium.
6. The toner according to claim 3, wherein the toner constituent mixture liquid further comprises a polyester resin.
7. The toner according to claim 3, wherein the wax has a volume average particle diameter of from 0.1 to 2 \u03bcm in the toner constituent mixture liquid.
8. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner comprises the wax in an amount of from 0.5 to 21% by weight, wherein the amount of the wax is determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
9. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a ratio (DvDn) between a volume average particle diameter (Dv) and a number average particle diameter (Dn) of from 1.00 to 1.25.
10. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter (Dv) of from 3 to 9 \u03bcm.
11. A developer, comprising a carrier and the toner according to claim 1.
12. An image forming method, comprising:
forming an electrostatic latent image on an image bearing member;
developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image;
transferring the toner image onto a recording medium; and
passing the recording medium bearing the toner image thereon through a nip formed between a fixing belt and a pressing roller to fix the toner image onto the recording medium,
wherein the toner is the toner according to claim 1.
13. The image forming method according to claim 12, wherein the fixing belt is directly or indirectly heated by induction heating.
14. An image forming method, comprising:
forming an electrostatic latent image on an image bearing member;
developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image;
transferring the toner image onto a recording medium; and
contacting the toner image on the recording medium with a heated fixing member, a surface of which comprises two or more fluorocarbon resins having different melt flow rates to fix the toner image onto the recording medium,
wherein the toner is the toner according to claim 1.
15. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image bearing member configured to form an electrostatic latent image thereon;
a developing device configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image;
a transfer device configured to transfer the toner image onto a recording medium; and
a fixing device configured to fix the toner image onto the recording medium, wherein the fixing device comprises:
a fixing roller;
a facing roller arranged in parallel with the fixing roller;
an endless fixing belt tightly stretched with the fixing roller and the facing roller;
an induction heating means for heating the fixing belt or the facing roller by electromagnetic induction; and
a pressing roller configured to press the fixing roller with the fixing belt therebetween,
wherein the toner image is fixed on the recording medium by passing through a nip formed between the fixing belt and the pressing roller,
wherein either the fixing belt or the facing roller consists essentially of a non-magnetic material, and the induction heating means heats the fixing belt when the facing roller consists essentially of a non-magnetic material, or the facing roller when the fixing belt consists essentially of a non-magnetic material,
wherein the toner is the toner according to claim 1.
16. The image forming apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the fixing belt comprises a magnetic shunt material when the facing roller consists essentially of a non-magnetic material, or the facing roller comprises a magnetic shunt material when the fixing belt consists essentially of a non-magnetic material,
wherein the magnetic shunt material has a Curie point lower than a maximum fixable temperature of the toner above which the toner causes hot offset.
17. The image forming apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the facing roller comprises a cylindrical portion,
wherein a wall thickness of the cylindrical portion in a central part is larger than that in an end part, in the axial direction of the facing roller.
18. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image bearing member configured to form an electrostatic latent image thereon;
a developing device configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a toner image;
a transfer device configured to transfer the toner image onto a recording medium; and
a fixing device configured to fix the toner image onto the recording medium,
wherein the fixing device comprises a fixing member configured to heat the toner image while contacting the toner image, said fixing member having a surface comprising two or more fluorocarbon resins having different melt flow rates, and
wherein the toner is the toner according to claim 1.
19. A process cartridge detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image; and
a developing device configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with a developer including a toner to form a toner image on the image bearing member,
wherein the toner is the toner according to claim 1.
20. A toner container containing the toner according to claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A door having a replaceable door edge construction, comprising:
a core member forming a permanent part of a door;
a stile member attached to the core member, first and second panels disposed on first and second opposing sides of the core and stile member to define a first width of the door edge,
a readily removable cover having first and second sidewall portions defining a second width, the first width substantially equal to the second width, the cover further including leg portions connected to the sidewall portions, at least one leg portion engaging at least one of a first and second longitudinal groove of the stile member such that the readily removable cover is readily disengagable from the stile member.
2. The replaceable door edge of claim 1, wherein the cover includes a main body having a first sidewall portion and a second sidewall portion integrally connected to the main body.
3. The replaceable door edge of claim 2, wherein the first and second sidewall portions form finished lateral surfaces of the door.
4. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 2, wherein the main body is curved.
5. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 2, wherein the main body is generally bowed.
6. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 2, wherein the main body has a generally C-shape.
7. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 1, wherein the first and second leg portions are snap-fit into the first longitudinal groove and said second longitudinal groove, respectively.
8. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 1, wherein the first and second leg portions slidingly engage the first longitudinal groove and said second longitudinal groove, respectively.
9. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 1, wherein the first and second leg portions are disengagable from the door by prying each of the first and second leg portions from the longitudinal grooves.
10. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 1, wherein first and second longitudinal grooves are formed in the first and second panels and extend through the depth of the panels.
11. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 10, wherein the first and second longitudinal grooves of the stile member disposed in first and second opposing sides of the stile member, with the first and second longitudinal grooves of the panels aligned with the first and second longitudinal grooves of the stile member.
12. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 11, wherein at least one leg portion of the cover engages at least one of the first and second longitudinal grooves of the first and second panels.
13. A door having a replaceable door edge construction, comprising:
a core member forming a permanent part of a door;
a stile member attached to the core member, the stile member having a first edge adjacent the core member and a second edge disposed opposite the first edge;
a first panel disposed on a first side of the core and stile member, the first panel including an inner and outer layer;
a second panel disposed on a second side of the core and stile member, the second panel including an inner and outer layer;
at least one of the first panel and second panel extending from the core member to a location disposed between the first and second edges of the stile member;
a readily removable cover having first and second sidewall portions and at least one leg portion connected to one of the sidewall portions and engaging a groove of the stile member such that the readily removable cover is readily disengagable from the stile member.
14. The replaceable door edge of claim 13, wherein the cover includes a main body having a first sidewall portion and a second sidewall portion integrally connected to the main body.
15. The replaceable door edge of claim 14, wherein the first and second sidewall portions form finished lateral surfaces of the door.
16. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 14, wherein the main body is planar.
17. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 14, wherein the main body is curved.
18. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 14, wherein the main body is generally bowed.
19. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 14, wherein the main body has a generally C-shape.
20. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 13, wherein the outer layer of the first and second panels abut the first and second sidewall portions of cover.
21. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 13, wherein the first and second leg portions are snap-fit into a first longitudinal groove and a second longitudinal groove, respectively.
22. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 13, wherein the first and second leg portions slidingly engage a first longitudinal groove and a second longitudinal groove, respectively.
23. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 13, wherein the stile member has a first portion with a first width and a second portion with a reduced width.
24. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 13, wherein first and second longitudinal grooves are formed in the first and second panels and extend through the depth of the panels.
25. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 24, wherein the first and second longitudinal grooves of the stile member disposed in first and second opposing sides of the stile member, with the first and second longitudinal grooves of the panels aligned with the first and second longitudinal grooves of the stile member.
26. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 25, wherein at least one leg portion of the cover engages at least one of the first and second longitudinal grooves of the first and second panels.
27. The replaceable door edge construction of claim 13, wherein the outer layer of the first and second panel extends from the core member to a location disposed between the first and second edges of the stile member.