1. A method determining cell viability, comprising:
a) contacting a sample comprising a cell with a compound according to Formula 1:
wherein
R1, R2 and R3 are each H
Y is S or O;
W taken together with the atoms to which it is attached is a 6-membered heterocyclic ring;
n is O;
Q is Q2:
wherein
Y is \u2014CR13\u2550CR14\u2014; m is 1 and p is 0;
R6 is unsubstituted (C1-C8)alkyl, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted (C1-C8)alkaryl;
R9, R11, and R12 are each independently H, amino, or halo;
R10 is H, methoxy, amino or halo;
one of R13 and R14 is H and the other is NR15R16;
R15 is (C1-C6)alkyl or (C1-C6)alkyl-NR17R18 or C3H7\u2014N+(CH3)3 wherein R17 and R18 are each independently H or (C1-C6)alkyl; and
R16 is (C1-C6)alkyl-NR17R18 or C3H7\u2014N+(CH3)3, wherein R17 and R18 are each independently H or (C1-C6)alkyl;
wherein at least one of R15 and R16 is C3H7\u2014N+(CH3)3;
or a salt thereof;
b) detecting a fluorescent signal in the sample; and
c) correlating the amount of fluorescence in the sample with the viability of the cell in the sample.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is impermeant to the cell membrane.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein an increase in the fluorescent signal correlates to a loss in cell membrane integrity.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the loss in cell membrane integrity indicates cell death.
5. The method of claim 6, wherein cell death is due to a cytotoxic effect of a test treatment or condition on the cell.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising a counterstain comprising a detectably different signal to correlate metabolically active cells.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising a counterstain comprising a detectably different signal to differentiate cells with a loss in cell membrane integrity and cells with intact cell membranes.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is:
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An interior vehicle surface assembly, comprising:
an energy absorbing assembly comprising a rigid support structure having at least one inlet and at least one outlet; a flexible covering that defines an interior vehicle surface sealingly engaged with the rigid support structure to form an expandable interior region, wherein the interior vehicle surface is configured to inflatably and flexibly expand outward relative to the rigid support structure; a gas source in fluid communication with the at least one inlet; an inlet control valve positioned intermediate the gas source and the at least one inlet, wherein the inlet control valve is a binary valve and is adapted to responsively open and close the valve within 1 millisecond; and an actively controlled pressure relief valve in variable controlled fluid communication with the at least one outlet.
2. The interior vehicle surface of claim 1, wherein the energy absorbing assembly forms a door pillar surface, a headrest surface, a floor surface, a seat surface, a dashboard surface, a steering wheel surface, a door surface, a ceiling surface, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing interior vehicle surfaces.
3. The interior vehicle surface of claim 1, wherein the inlet control valve and the relief valve are valves selected from the group consisting of a piezoelectric valve, a solenoid valve, and an active material based valve.
4. The interior vehicle surface of claim 1, wherein the actively controlled pressure relief valve is adapted to responsively open and close faster than the inlet control valve.
5. The interior vehicle surface of claim 1, further comprising a controller in operative communication with a pressure sensor, the inlet control valve, and the actively controlled pressure relief valve; and a sensor in electrical communication with the controller configured to sense or predict an impact event.
6. An interior vehicle surface assembly, comprising:
an energy absorbing assembly comprising a rigid support structure having at least one inlet and at least one outlet; a flexible covering that defines an interior vehicle surface sealingly engaged with the rigid support structure to form an expandable interior region, wherein the interior vehicle surface is configured to inflatably and flexibly expand outward relative to the rigid support structure; a gas source in fluid communication with the at least one inlet; an inlet control valve positioned intermediate the gas source and the at least one inlet, wherein the inlet control valve is a continuously variable valve and is adapted to responsively open and close the valve within 1 millisecond; and an actively controlled pressure relief valve in fluid communication with the at least one outlet.
7. The interior vehicle surface of claim 6, wherein the energy absorbing assembly forms a door pillar surface, a headrest surface, a floor surface, a seat surface, a dashboard surface, a steering wheel surface, a door surface, a ceiling surface, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing interior vehicle surfaces.
8. The interior vehicle surface of claim 6, wherein the inlet control valve and the relief valve are valves selected from the group consisting of a piezoelectric valve, a solenoid valve, and an active material based valve.
9. The interior vehicle surface of claim 6, wherein the actively controlled pressure relief valve is adapted to responsively open and close faster than the inlet control valve.
10. The interior vehicle surface of claim 6, further comprising a controller in operative communication with a pressure sensor, the inlet control valve, and the actively controlled pressure relief valve; and a sensor in electrical communication with the controller.
11. A method of operating an energy absorbing assembly, comprising:
sensing or predicting an impact of an object;
providing an activation signal to an energy absorbing assembly attached to a rigid support structure, wherein the energy absorbing assembly comprises a flexible cover that defines an interior vehicle surface that is sealingly engaged with the rigid support structure to form an expandable interior region; at least one inlet and at least one outlet in fluid communication with the interior region; an inlet control valve in fluid communication with the at least one inlet; an outlet pressure relief valve in fluid communication with the at least one outlet; and a gas source in fluid communication with the inlet control valve; and a pressure sensor in operative communication with the expandable interior region and configured to monitor a pressure within the expandable interior region; wherein the activation signal signals the inlet control valve to open fluid communication between the gas source and the interior region;
inflating the interior region to an inflated position within about 20 milliseconds, wherein inflating the interior region comprises outwardly expanding the interior vehicle surface relative to the rigid support structure; and
closing a selected one or both of the inlet control valve and opening the pressure relief valve to decrease or maintain a pressure of the interior region.
12. The method of operating the energy absorbing assembly of claim 11, wherein the inlet control valve and the pressure relief valve are valves selected from the group consisting of a solenoid valve, a piezoelectric actuated valve, electroactive polymer actuated valve, an electrorheological actuated valve, a magnetorheological actuated valve, and a magnetic shape memory alloy actuated valve.
13. The method of operating the energy absorbing assembly of claim 11, wherein the inlet control valve is a binary valve and is fully opened within 1 millisecond.
14. The method of operating the energy absorbing assembly of claim 11, wherein the inlet control valve is a continuously variable valve and is fully opened within 10 milliseconds.
15. The method of operating the energy absorbing assembly of claim 11, further comprising inflating and deflating the interior region at least one additional time upon the sensing or the predicting of an additional impact event.