1. An electro-wetting cell comprising a substrate (106, 206, 306, 406), a structure (108, 208, 308, 408) substantially confining an electro-wetting fluid (102, 202, 302, 402) to a surface of the substrate (106, 206, 306, 406) and a first layer of hydrophobic material (115, 215, 315, 415) on the substrate (106, 206, 306, 406) between the substrate (106, 206, 306, 406) and the structure (108, 208, 308, 408).
2. The electro-wetting cell of claim 1 wherein the structure (108, 206) comprises a hollow cylinder.
3. The electro-wetting cell of claim 1 wherein the structure (308, 408) comprises a ring.
4. The electro-wetting cell of claim 1 wherein a hydrophobic fluid contact layer (110, 310, 410) is present on a part of the structure (108, 308, 408).
5. The electro-wetting cell of claim 4, wherein a portion of the hydrophobic fluid contact layer (110, 310, 410) abuts at least a portion of the first layer of hydrophobic material (115, 315, 415).
6. The electro-wetting cell of claim 1 wherein the first layer of hydrophobic material (115, 215, 315, 415) comprises a material which is fluor silane or an amorphous fluorocarbon polymer.
7. A fluid focus lens comprising
a fluid chamber (205) formed by a front cover plate (204), a back cover plate (206) and a core (208) surrounding a space, the fluid chamber (205) including a first fluid (201) and an axially displaced second fluid (202), the fluids (201, 202) being non-miscible, and in contact over a meniscus (214),
a hydrophobic layer (215) disposed on the back cover plate (206) on an area opposite a surface of the core (208).
8. The fluid focus lens of claim 7 wherein the hydrophobic layer (215) is in contact with the second fluid (202) only at an edge of the hydrophobic layer (215).
9. A method of manufacturing an electro-wetting cell comprising:
providing a substrate (406);
providing a hydrophobic layer (415) on a first area of the substrate (406), the first area being shaped to correspond to at least a portion of a contact surface of a structure (108, 208, 308, 408), the structure (108, 208, 308, 408) surrounding a space;
placing an electro-wetting fluid (402) on a second area of the substrate (406); and
placing the structure (108, 208, 308, 408) on the substrate, the contact surface contacting at least a portion of the first area and the space thereby including the second area.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the placing of the structure (108, 208, 308, 408) on the substrate (406) is after the placing of the electro-wetting fluid (402) on the second area of the substrate (406).
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the placing of the structure (108, 208, 308, 408) on the substrate (406) is before the placing of the electro-wetting fluid (402) on the second area of the substrate (406).
12. The method of claim 9, comprising the step of providing a hydrophilic substrate (406).
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the hydrophilic substrate (406) is glass.
14. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of providing a hydrophobic layer (415) comprises disposing a hydrophobic material on a surface of the substrate (406) and removing the hydrophobic material from a portion of said surface.
15. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrophobic layer (415) comprises an amorphous fluorocarbon polymer.
16. The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrophobic layer (415) comprises fluor silane.
17. The method of claim 9, wherein the structure (108, 208, 308, 408) has a hydrophobic fluid contact layer (110, 310, 410) and the hydrophobic fluid contact layer (110, 310, 410) is present on at least a portion of the contact surface.
18. A component of an electro-wetting cell, the component comprising a substrate (406) and a layer (415) of hydrophobic material on a portion of the substrate (406), the hydrophobic material being arranged in a pattern corresponding to areas of contact between the substrate (406) and an opposing member (408) of the completed electro-wetting cell.
19. A component as claimed in claim 18, wherein the component is a cover plate of an electro-wetting cell.
20. A component as claimed in claim 18, wherein the component is a part for a fluid focus lens (30).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for originating a media flow, the method comprising:
receiving, by an application server from a first device, a request to originate a communications session with a remote end, the request indicating that a remote media flow is to be established on a second device;
establishing, by the application server, the remote media flow between the second device and the remote end;
receiving, by the application server, session control signaling for the remote media flow from the first device;
receiving, by the application server, media control signaling for the remote media flow from the second device, wherein the first device and the second device are different mobile stations connected to a common wireless access network;
aggregating, by the application server, the media control signaling received from the second device with the session control signaling received from the first device into an aggregated signaling; and
transmitting, by the application server, the aggregated signaling to the remote end.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications session includes two or more media flows.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the request includes a request to establish a local media flow.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising establishing a local media flow between the first device and the remote end.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein establishing the remote media flow between the second device and the remote end comprises:
transferring the media control signaling from the first device to the second device without transferring the session control signaling, wherein the session control signaling remains with the first device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the media control signaling and the session control signaling are part of a common IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) session.
7. A method for terminating a media flow, the method comprising:
receiving, by an application server, a request from a remote end to terminate a communications session on a first device;
transmitting, by the application server, a termination request to the first device;
receiving, by the application server, an acknowledgement message from the first device, the acknowledgement message indicating that a remote media flow is to be established on a second device;
establishing, by the application server, the remote media flow on the second device;
receiving, by the applications server, session control signaling for the remote media flow from the first device;
receiving, by the applications server, media control signaling for the remote media flow from the second device;
aggregating, by the application server, the media control signaling from the second device with the session control signaling from the first device into an aggregated signaling; and
presenting, by the application server, the aggregated signaling to the remote end, wherein the first device and the second device are different mobile stations connected to a common wireless access network.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising receiving an indication that a local media flow is to be established on the first device.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein establishing the remote media flow between the second device and the remote end comprises:
transferring the media control signaling from the first device to the second device without transferring the session control signaling, wherein the session control signaling remains with the first device.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the media control signaling and the session control signaling are part of a common IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) session.
11. A method of creating a remote media session, the method comprising:
transferring session control signaling for a common IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) session from a source device to a target device, wherein media control signaling for at least one media flow of the common IMS session remains with the source device, wherein the session control signaling and the media control signaling are both part of the common IMS session, and wherein the source device and the target device are different mobile stations connected to a common wireless access network
receiving the session control signaling from the target device;
receiving the media control signaling for the media flow from the source device;
combining the session control signaling received from the target device and the media control signaling received from the source device to form an aggregated signaling; and
communicating the aggregate signaling to a remote end.
12. The method of claim 11, further comprising transferring another media flow from the source device to the target device.
13. An IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) network comprising:
a call session controller configured to communicate with a remote end; and
an application server communicatively coupled to the call session controller, the application server configured to establish a remote media flow during a communications session between a first device and the remote end, wherein the remote media flow extends between a second device and the remote end, wherein session control signaling for the remote media flow remains with the first device after media control signaling for the remote media flow is transferred to the second device, wherein the media control signaling and the session control signaling are part of a common IMS session, wherein the first device and the second device are different mobile stations connected to a common wireless access network, and
wherein the applications server is further configured to receive the session control signaling for the remote media flow from the first device, to receive the media control signaling for the remote media flow from the second device, to combine the session control signaling received from the first device and the media control signaling received from the second device to form an aggregated signaling, and to communicate the aggregate signaling to a remote end.
14. The IMS network of claim 13, wherein the application server is configured to transfer the session control signaling from the first device to the second device after the remote media flow is established.
15. The IMS network of claim 14, wherein the application server is further configured to maintain the at least one media flow at the first device after transferring the session control signaling from the first device to the second device.
16. An apparatus comprising:
a processor; and
a computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the processor, the programming including instructions to:
establish a local media flow of a media session between a first device and a remote end;
establish a remote media flow between a second device and a remote end;
transfer media control signaling of the media session to the second device, wherein session control signaling of the media session remains established between the first device and the remote end after the media control signaling is transferred to the second device, wherein the first device is different from the second device, and wherein the first device and the second device are configured to access a common wireless access network;
receive the session control signaling for the remote media flow from the first device;
receive the media control signaling for the remote media flow from the second device;
aggregate the media control signaling received from the second device with the session control signaling received from the first device into an aggregated signaling; and
forward the aggregated signaling to the remote end.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the media control signaling and the session control signaling are part of a common IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) session.