1. A communications network comprising:
an Ethernet packet-switched network (PSN);
a first provider edge (PE) device in communication with a second PE device through the Ethernet PSN;
pseudowire (PW) established between the PE devices for emulating a service across the Ethernet PSN, each packet of the service having a frame format with an Ethernet tunnel header and a PW header that encapsulates a payload; and
a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network in communication with the Ethernet PSN, and wherein the PW extends through the MPLS network and the Ethernet PSN.
2. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the service is a non-Ethernet service and the payload is a non-Ethernet payload.
3. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the service is an Ethernet service and the payload is an Ethernet payload.
4. The communications network of claim 1., wherein the payload is normalized by Martini encapsulation.
5. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the PW header of the frame format includes an Ethertype field used to signify a type of service of the non-Ethernet payload.
6. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the PW header includes a service identifier (I-SID) for identifying a particular flow of the non-Ethernet service.
7. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the Ethernet tunnel header of the frame format includes an Ethertype signifying, Martini encapsulation of the PW.
8. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the PW header of the frame format includes a VC (Virtual Circuit) label used to identify a particular flow of the service.
9. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the Ethernet PSN is configured to provide Provider Backbone Transport (PBT).
10. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the Ethernet PSN is configured to provide Provider Backbone Bridging (PVB).
11. The communications network of claim 1, wherein the Ethernet PSN adds an Ethernet 802.1ah tag to each packet of the service to forward the packet to the MPLS network.
12. A method of emulating a service across an Ethernet packet-switched network (PSN), the method comprising:
configuring the Ethernet PSN to provide Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB);
establishing a pseudowire (PW) between a first provider edge (PE) device and a second PE device on the Ethernet PSN;
encapsulating a payload of packets of the service in a PW header and in an Ethernet tunnel header; and
receiving a packet of the service at the first PE device for forwarding to the second PE device through the Ethernet PSN over the PW, removing the Ethernet tunnel header from the packet and adding a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) tunnel header to the packet for forwarding through the an MPLS PSN.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the service is a non-Ethernet service and the payload is non-Ethernet payload.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the service is an Ethernet service and the payload is Ethernet payload.
15. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of normalizing the payload by Martini encapsulation.
16. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of signifying a type of service of the payload, in an Ethertype field in the PW header.
17. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of identifying a particular flow of the service with a service identifier (I-SID) in the PW header.
18. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of signifying, in the Ethernet tunnel header, Martini encapsulation of the PW.
19. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of identifying a particular flow of the service with a VC (Virtual Circuit) label in the PW header.
20. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of configuring the Ethernet PSN to provide Provider Backbone Transport (PBT).
21. The method of claim 12, comprising adding an Ethernet 802.1ah tag to each packet of the service fbr forwarding the packet to the MPLS network.
22. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of removing the MPLS tunnel header from the packet, and adding the Ethernet tunnel header to the packet for forwarding through the Ethernet PSN.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A piping slider comprising:
a cavity in which a pipe-shaped part of an adherend is accommodatable;
a slit that intercommunicates the cavity with an outside;
a connector to which an object is connected;
a grip member on which the cavity and the slit are provided;
a key member insertable into the slit; and
a lock mechanism that restricts a displacement between the key member and the grip member when the key member is inserted into the slit, wherein
an opening width of the slit is greater than a minimum width of the pipe-shaped part and an opening width when the key member is inserted into the slit is smaller than the minimum width of the pipe-shaped part.
2. The piping slider according to claim 1, wherein
the connector comprises an insertion hole provided in the grip member and an insertion hole provided in the key member, the insertion hole provided in the grip member and the insertion hole provided in the key member being provided at a position mutually in communication with each other when the key member is inserted into the slit.
3. The piping slider according to claim 1, wherein
the lock mechanism is provided by integrally connecting the connector provided on the grip member and the connector provided on the key member with the object.
4. The piping slider according to claim 1, wherein
the piping slider comprises a pair of slider members, each of the pair of slider members having the same shape in which the key member is connected to an extension of the slit of the grip member, the key member of one of the pair of slider members being insertable into the slit of the other of the pair of slider members, and
the lock mechanism maintains a connection between the pair of slider members when the key members of the pair of slider members are inserted.
5. The piping slider according to claim 4, wherein
each of the pair of slider members comprises a support member that connects the grip member and the key member.