1. A ferritic stainless steel sheet excellent in heat resistance and workability, comprising, by mass %,
C: less than 0.010%,
N: 0.020% or less,
Si: over 0.1% to 2.0%,
Mn: 0.28 to 2.0%,
Cr: 12.0 to 25.0%,
Cu: over 0.9% to 2.0%,
Ti: 0.05 to 0.3%,
Nb: 0.001 to 0.1%,
Al: 1.0% or less, and
B: 0.0003 to 0.0030%,
having a content of Cu, Ti, and Nb satisfying Cu(Ti+Nb)\u22675, and
having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities,
wherein the steel sheet has a 0.2% yield strength at 700\xb0 C. after 700\xb0 C.\xd7100 hours aging of the steel sheet of 39 MPa or more.
2. The ferritic stainless steel sheet of claim 1, further comprising, by mass %,
one or more of
Mo: 0.50% or less,
V: 0.50% or less, or
Sn: 0.50% or less.
3. A method for producing a ferritic stainless steel sheet excellent in heat resistance and workability, the method comprising the steps of:
hot rolling a slab, then
performing heat treatment at 700 to 850\xb0 C. for 1 to 100 hr, then
cold rolling and annealing to obtain the steel sheet,
wherein the slab has a composition, comprising, by mass %,
C: less than 0.010%,
N: 0.020% or less,
Si: over 0.1% to 2.0%,
Mn: 0.28 to 2.0%,
Cr: 12.0 to 25.0%,
Cu: over 0.9% to 2.0%,
Ti: 0.05 to 0.3%,
Nb: 0.001 to 0.1%,
Al: 1.0% or less, and
B: 0.0003 to 0.0030%,
having a content of Cu, Ti, and Nb satisfying Cu(Ti+Nb)\u22675, and
having a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and
wherein the steel sheet has a 0.2% yield strength at 700\xb0 C. after 700\xb0 C.\xd7100 hours aging of the steel sheet of 39 MPa or more.
4. The ferritic stainless steel sheet of claim 1, further comprising Cr in an amount, by mass %, of 12.0 to 17.2%.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the slab further comprises Cr in an amount, by mass %, of 12.0 to 17.2%.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the slab further comprises, by mass %, one or more of
Mo: 0.50% or less,
V: 0.50% or less, or
Sn: 0.50% or less.
7. The ferritic stainless steel sheet of claim 4, further comprising, by mass %, one or more of
Mo: 0.50% or less,
V: 0.50% or less, or
Sn: 0.50% or less.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the slab further comprises, by mass %, one or more of
Mo: 0.50% or less,
V: 0.50% or less, or
Sn: 0.50% or less.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein Cu particles are precipitated in the slab having a size of 50 nm or more before cold rolling.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A wireless telephone comprising:
communication logic configured to send and receive signals from a base station over a wireless channel, the base station in communication with a telephone network;
a mirrored liquid crystal display comprising:
a liquid crystal module;
a half-mirror layer, which is partially reflective and partially transmissive, affixed to one surface of the liquid crystal module;
a backlight producing light directed at an opposite surface of the liquid crystal module,
wherein the intensity of light produced by the backlight is matched to the reflective and transmissive characteristics of the half-mirror layer such that when the light output is at a minimum, the half-mirror layer is substantially reflective and the liquid crystal module is substantially invisible, and when the light output is at a maximum, the half-mirror layer is substantially transmissive and the liquid crystal module is substantially visible; and
input logic configured to receive input from the user to control the communication logic and to control the intensity of the light produced by the backlight.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the half-mirror layer comprises:
a reflective surface with reflectance value Rm; and
a transparent surface with reflectance value Rt,
wherein the half-mirror layer has a light transmittance value T, and wherein T, Rm and Rt are chosen so that the ratio It:Im is at least 5, wherein Im is the intensity of an image reflected off the half-mirror layer and It is the intensity of light exiting the LCD display.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the half-mirror layer comprises:
a reflective surface with reflectance value Rm; and
a transparent surface with reflectance value Rt,
wherein the half-mirror layer has a light transmittance value T, and wherein T, Rm and Rt are chosen so that the ratio It:Im is at least 5, wherein Im is the intensity of an image reflected off the half-mirror layer and It is the intensity of light exiting the LCD display.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal module comprises:
a first and second transparent layer facing each other;
a first electrode affixed to inner surface of first transparent layer;
a second transparent layer affixed to inner surface of second transparent layer;
a liquid crystal material sealed between the first and second transparent layers;
a first polarizing layer affixed to outer surface of first transparent layer having a first polarization axis; and
a second polarizing layer affixed to outer surface of second transparent layer having a second polarization axis different than the first polarization axis.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first and second electrodes are transparent.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal material is chosen from the group of twisted nematic or super-twisted nematic.
7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second polarization axis is rotated 90\xb0 from the first polarization axis.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LCD module further comprises a color filter.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the input logic is further configured to enable and disable the backlight. A wireless telephone comprising:
communication logic configure to send and receive signals from a base station over a wireless channel, the base station in communication with a telephone network;
a mirrored liquid crystal display comprising:
an electro-optical means;
a means for partially reflecting and partially transmitting light rays, affixed to one surface of the electro-optical means;
a means for producing light directed at an opposite surface of the electro-optical optical means
wherein the intensity of light produced by the backlight is matched to the reflective and transmissive characteristics of the means for partially reflecting and partially transmitting, such that when the light output is at a minimum, the means for partially reflecting and partially transmitting is substantially reflective and the electro-optical means is substantially invisible, and when the light output is at a maximum, the means for partially reflecting and partially transmitting is substantially transmissive and the electro-optical means is substantially visible; and
input logic configured to receive input from the user to control the communication logic and to control the intensity of the light produced by the means for producing light.
10. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the means for partially reflecting and partially transmitting comprises:
a reflective surface with reflectance value Rm; and
a transparent surface with reflectance value Rt,
wherein the half-mirror layer has a light transmittance value T, and wherein T, Rm and Rt are chosen so that the ratio It:Im is at least 5, wherein Im is the intensity of an image reflected off the half-mirror layer and It is the intensity of light exiting the LCD display.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the electro-optical means comprises an LCD module.
12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the electro-optical means comprises:
a first and second transparent layer facing each other;
a first electrode affixed to inner surface of first transparent layer;
a second transparent layer affixed to inner surface of second transparent layer;
a liquid crystal material sealed between the first and second transparent layers;
a first polarizing layer affixed to outer surface of first transparent layer having a first polarization axis; and
a second polarizing layer affixed to outer surface of second transparent layer having a second polarization axis different than the first polarization axis.
13. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second electrodes are transparent.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the second polarization axis is rotated 90\xb0 from the first polarization axis.
15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the LCD module further comprises a color filter.
16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the input logic is further configured to enable and disable the backlight. A telephone comprising:
a liquid crystal display (LCD); and
logic for controlling the LCD to selectively operate in one of two alternative states, including a first state in which the LCD operates in a conventional manner to display visible data to a user, and a second state in which the LCD effectively functions as a mirror.
17. The telephone of claim 18 further including a reflective coating coupled to a rear side of the LCD, and wherein the LCD further includes a layer interposed between the reflective coating and the outside of the LCD, whereby when the LCD is configured in the second state the transmissive characteristics of the layer are controlled so an outside image is reflected from the reflective layer.
18. A telephone comprising:
a liquid crystal display (LCD); and
logic for controlling the LCD to selectively function as a mirror.
19. The telephone of claim 18 filer including a reflective coating coupled to a rear side of the LCD, and wherein the LCD further includes a layer interposed between the reflective coating and the outside of the LCD, whereby when the LCD is configured in the second state the transmissive characteristics of the layer are controlled so an outside image is reflected from the reflective layer.
20. A telephone comprising:
a liquid crystal display (LCD); and
logic for controlling the LCD to selectively function as a mirror.