1. A charging device having a roll shape and configured to contact an image receptor as a body to be charged and to be capable of rotating due to rotation of the image receptor, the charging device comprising:
a hollow roll having a cylindrical shape and formed of a hollow elastic member; and
flanges having rotation axes and formed of elastic members, the flanges inserted into two ends of the hollow roll to increase an inner diameter of the hollow roll.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the hollow roll and at least one of the flanges have conductivity.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the flanges contact the image receptor via the hollow roll and are driven by rotation of the image receptor.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the rotation axes of the flanges are pressed against the image receptor.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the flanges are bonded to the hollow roll.
6. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image receptor configured to transfer a supplied toner based on an electrostatic latent image and to form an image on a medium;
a developing agent receptor configured to supply the toner to the image receptor; and
a charging roller configured to contact the image receptor, to rotate due to rotation of the image receptor, and to electrify the image receptor,
wherein the charging roller comprises
a hollow roll having a cylindrical shape and formed of a hollow elastic member; and
flanges having rotation axes and formed of elastic members, the flanges inserted into two ends of the hollow roll to increase an inner diameter of the hollow roll.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the hollow roll and at least one of the flanges have conductivity.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the flanges contact the image receptor via the hollow roll and operate by rotation of the image receptor.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the rotation axes of the flanges are pressed against the image receptor.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the flanges are bonded to the hollow roll.
11. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the hollow roll is formed of conductive rubber.
12. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the flanges include conic lateral surfaces that are inserted into two ends of the hollow roll to broaden both ends of the hollow roll.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method to resolve queries, the method comprising:
receiving a query term from a search portal, the search portal including an initial taxonomy;
matching the query term to a first resolver category within a resolver taxonomy;
retrieving a first resolver term from the first resolver category matching the query term;
determining if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term in a mapping module, the first mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmitting, to the search portal, an identification of the corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the first mapping term, upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
retrieving a second resolver term from a second resolver category, the second resolver category relationally associated with the first resolver category, upon a determination that the first resolver term does not correspond to the first mapping term;
determining if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in the mapping module, the second mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmitting, to the search portal, an identification of a corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the second mapping term, upon a determination that the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
matching the query term to a second resolver category within the resolver taxonomy;
retrieving a second resolver term from a second resolver category matching the query term;
determining if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term and if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in a mapping module; and
transmitting an identification of a corresponding first search category within an initial taxonomy which is mapped to the first resolver term and an identification of a corresponding second search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the second resolver term upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term and the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the operation of receiving a query term comprises
receiving the query term from a search portal upon a determination by the search portal that the query term is not located within a search category of an initial taxonomy.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising
transmitting an identification of at least one additional term from the first resolver category relationally associated to the retrieved term from the first resolver category.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a variation on the spelling of the query term.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a foreign language spelling of the query term.
8. A computer-readable storage medium encoding a computer program for executing on a computer system a computer process to resolve queries, the computer process comprising:
receiving a query term from a search portal, the search portal including an initial taxonomy;
matching the query term to a first resolver category within a resolver taxonomy;
retrieving a first resolver term from the first resolver category matching the query term;
determining if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term in a mapping module, the first mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmitting, to the search portal, an identification of the corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the first mapping term, upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term.
9. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 further comprising:
retrieving a second resolver term from a second resolver category, the second resolver category relationally associated with the first resolver category, upon a determination that the first resolver term does not correspond to the first mapping term;
determining if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in the mapping module, the second mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmitting, to the search portal, an identification of a corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the second mapping term, upon a determination that the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
10. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 further comprising:
matching the query term to a second resolver category within the resolver taxonomy;
retrieving a second resolver term from a second resolver category matching the query term;
determining if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term and if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in a mapping module; and
transmitting an identification of a corresponding first search category within an initial taxonomy which is mapped to the first resolver term and an identification of a corresponding second search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the second resolver term upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term and the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
11. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein receiving a query term comprises
receiving the query term from a search portal upon a determination by the search portal that the query term is not located within a search category of an initial taxonomy.
12. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8 further comprising
transmitting an identification of at least one additional term from the first resolver category relationally associated to the retrieved term from the first resolver category.
13. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the first resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a variation on the spelling of the query term.
14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the first resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a foreign language spelling of the query term.
15. A query resolution system comprising:
a memory module;
a resolver taxonomy stored in the memory module, the resolver taxonomy including at least two relationally associated resolver categories; and
a processor communicatively coupled to the memory module operable to:
receive a query term from a search portal, the search portal including an initial taxonomy;
match the query term to a first resolver category within a resolver taxonomy;
retrieve a first resolver term from the first resolver category matching the query term;
determine if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term in a mapping module, the first mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmit, to the search portal, an identification of the corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the first mapping term, upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the processor is further operable to:
retrieve a second resolver term from a second resolver category, the second resolver category relationally associated with the first resolver category, upon a determination that the first resolver term does not correspond to the first mapping term;
determine if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in the mapping module, the second mapping term corresponding to at least one search category in the initial taxonomy; and
transmit, to the search portal, an identification of a corresponding search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the resolver taxonomy through the second mapping term, upon a determination that the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further operable to:
match the query term to a second resolver category within the resolver taxonomy;
retrieve a second resolver term from a second resolver category matching the query term;
determine if the first resolver term corresponds to a first mapping term and if the second resolver term corresponds to a second mapping term in a mapping module; and
transmit an identification of a corresponding first search category within an initial taxonomy which is mapped to the first resolver term and an identification of a corresponding second search category within the initial taxonomy, which is mapped to the second resolver term upon a determination that the first resolver term corresponds to the first mapping term and the second resolver term corresponds to the second mapping term.
18. The system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further operable to:
receive the query term from a search portal upon a determination by the search portal that the query term is not located within a search category of an initial taxonomy.
19. The system of claim 15 wherein the processor is further operable to:
transmit an identification of at least one additional term from the first resolver category relationally associated to the retrieved term from the first resolver category.
20. The system of claim 15, wherein a resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a variation on the spelling of the query term.
21. The system of claim 15, wherein a resolver category comprises
at least one term that is a foreign language spelling of the query term.