1. An electrically conductive roll which includes a shaft body and which includes at least a conductive elastic layer formed by extrusion on an outer circumferential surface of the shaft body, wherein the improvement comprises:
the conductive elastic layer being formed of a conductive rubber composition which includes a rubber material, a thermoplastic resin having crosslinkable double bonds and a melting point in a range from 40\xb0 C. to 100\xb0 C., and at least one conductive agent, the thermoplastic resin being included in an amount of 5 to 50 wt. % of a total amount of the rubber material and the thermoplastic resin.
2. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the rubber material is selected from the group consisting of a nitrile rubber (NBR), an epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), and a mixture thereof.
3. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin is included in an amount of 10 to 30 wt. % of the total amount of the rubber material and the thermoplastic resin.
4. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin has a melting point in a range from 50\xb0 C. to 90\xb0 C.
5. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin is a polyoctenamer having a melting point of about 55\xb0 C. and a cistrans ratio of about 28.
6. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the at least one conductive agent is selected from the group consisting of carbon blacks, metal powders, conductive metal oxides, and quaternary ammonium salts.
7. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the conductive rubber composition further includes silica.
8. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 7, wherein the silica is included in an amount of 20 to 80 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the rubber material and the thermoplastic resin.
9. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the conductive elastic layer has a volume resistivity in a range from 104 \u03a9\xb7cm to 1010 \u03a9\xb7cm.
10. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the conductive elastic layer has a thickness in a range from 0.3 mm to 3 mm.
11. An electrically conductive roll according to claim 1, wherein the conductive elastic layer has Asker C hardness in a range from 40 to 80.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of Ethernet network interfaces, including: a first network interface configured for communicating with a first Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) area including a first plurality of network devices, and a second network interface configured for communicating with a second CFM area including a second plurality of network devices; wherein the first CFM area is operating according to a CFM version not fully compatible with a CFM version according to which the second CFM area is operating; and
a CFM translator configured to translate incompatible CFM messages communicated between the first and second CFM areas;
wherein the CFM translator is configured to add an identification of the CFM version of the first CFM area to one or more messages being sent from the first CFM area to the second CFM area to inform one or more devices in the second CFM area of said CFM version of the first CFM area.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said translating incompatible CFM messages includes acting as a proxy for performing operations received from the second CFM area.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said translating incompatible CFM messages includes acting as a proxy for performing CFM Linktrace operations received from the second CFM area.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said acting as a proxy includes: intercepting a particular Linktrace Message (LTM) inbound to the first CFM area from the second CFM area; modifying the Original MAC Address field of the Linktrace Message Format of the LTM from a first MAC address to an address of the apparatus; sending said modified LTM into the first CFM area; receiving one or more particular replies to said sent modified LTM; and sending one or more reply messages into the second CFM area to the first MAC address based on said received one or more particular replies.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said intercepted particular LTM inbound to the first CFM area includes the use forwarding database only (UseFDBonly) option; and said sent modified LTM does not including the UseFDBonly option.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the CFM translator is configured: to translate a proprietary version of CFM messages received from the first CFM area to a standard version of CFM messages, and to forward said standard version of CFM messages into the second CFM area.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said one or more messages are one or more CFM Continuity Check messages.
8. A method, comprising:
intercepting a particular Linktrace Message inbound to a first CFM area from a second CFM area, wherein the first CFM area is operating according to a CFM version not fully compatible with a CFM version according to which the second CFM area is operating;
modifying the Original MAC Address field of the Linktrace Message Format of the LTM from a first MAC address to an address of the CFM area boundary bridge;
sending said modified LTM into the first CFM area;
receiving one or more particular Linktrace Reply messages to said sent modified LTM; and
sending one or more Linktrace Reply messages into the second CFM area to the first MAC address based on said received one or more particular Linktrace Reply messages.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said intercepted particular LTM inbound to the first CFM area includes the use forwarding database only (UseFDBonly) option; and said sent modified LTM does not including the UseFDBonly option.
10. A networked system, comprising:
a first Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) area including a first plurality of network devices;
a second Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) area including a second plurality of network devices; and
a CFM area boundary bridge communicatively coupled to the first and second CFM areas;
wherein a CFM maintenance domain spans the both the first and second CFM areas and the first CFM area operates according to a CFM version not fully compatible with a CFM version according to which the second CFM area operates; and
wherein the CFM area boundary bridge is configured to translate incompatible CFM messages communicated between the first and second CFM areas;
wherein said translation of incompatible CFM messages includes acting as a proxy for performing one or more CFM operations received from the second CFM area,
wherein said acting as a proxy includes: intercepting a particular Linktrace Message inbound to a first CFM area from a second CFM area; modifying the Original MAC Address field of the Linktrace Message Format of the LTM from a first MAC address to an address of the CFM area boundary bridge; sending said modified LTM into the first CFM area; receiving one or more particular Linktrace Reply messages to said sent modified LTM; and sending one or more Linktrace Reply messages into the second CFM area to the first MAC address based on said received one or more particular Linktrace Reply messages.
11. The networked system of claim 10, wherein said intercepted particular LTM inbound to the first CFM area includes the use forwarding database only (UseFDBonly) option; and said sent modified LTM does not including the UseFDBonly option.
12. The networked system of claim 10, wherein the CFM translator is configured to translate a proprietary version of CFM messages received from the first CFM area to a standard version of CFM messages and to forward said standard version of CFM messages into the second CFM area.
13. An apparatus, comprising
a plurality of Ethernet network interfaces, including: a first network interface configured for communicating with a first Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) area including a first plurality of network devices, and a second network interface configured for communicating with a second CFM area including a second plurality of network devices; wherein the first CFM area is operating according to a CFM version not fully compatible with a CFM version according to which the second CFM area is operating; and
a CFM translator configured to add an identification of the CFM version of the first CFM area to one or more CFM messages being sent from the first CFM area to the second (TM area to inform one or more devices in the second CFM area of said CFM version of the first CFM area.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the CFM translator is configured to act as a proxy for performing CFM Linktrace operations received from the second CFM area.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said acting as a proxy includes: intercepting a particular Linktrace Message (LTM) inbound to the first CFM area from the second CFM area; modifying the Original MAC Address field of the Linktrace Message Format of the LTM from a first MAC address to an address of the apparatus; sending said modified LTM into the first CFM area; receiving one or more particular replies to said sent modified LTM; and sending one or more reply messages into the second CFM area to the first MAC address based on said received one or more particular replies.
16. An apparatus, comprising:
means for intercepting a particular Linktrace Message inbound to a first CFM area from a second CFM area, wherein the first CFM area is operating according to a CFM version not fully compatible with a CFM version according to which the second CFM area is operating;
means for modifying the Original MAC Address field of the Linktrace Message Format of the LTM from a first MAC address to an address of the CFM area boundary bridge;
means for sending said modified LTM into the first CFM area;
means for receiving one or more particular Linktrace Reply messages to said sent modified LTM; and
means for sending one or more Linktrace Reply messages into the second CFM area to the first MAC address based on said received one or more particular Linktrace Reply messages;
wherein said intercepted particular LTM inbound to the first CFM area includes the use forwarding database only (UseFDBonly) option; and said sent modified LTM does not including the UseFDBonly option.
17. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of Ethernet network interfaces, including: a first network interface configured for communicating with a first Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) area including a first plurality of network devices, and a second network interface configured for communicating with a second CFM area including a second plurality of network devices; wherein the first CFM area is operating according to a CFM version not fully compatible with a CFM version according to which the second CFM area is operating; and
a CFM translator configured to translate incompatible CFM messages communicated between the first and second CFM areas;
wherein said translating incompatible CFM messages includes acting as a proxy for performing CFM Linktrace operations received from the second CFM area,
wherein said acting as a proxy includes: intercepting a particular Linktrace Message (LTM) inbound to the first CFM area from the second CFM area; modifying the Original MAC Address field of the Linktrace Message Format of the LTM from a first MAC address to an address of the apparatus; sending said modified LTM into the first CFM area; receiving one or more particular replies to said sent modified LTM; and sending one or more reply messages into the second CFM area to the first MAC address based on said received one or more particular replies.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said translating incompatible CFM messages includes acting as a proxy for performing operations received from the second CFM area.
19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said intercepted particular LTM inbound to the first CFM area includes the use forwarding database only (UseFDBonly) option; and said sent modified LTM does not including the UseFDBonly option.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the CFM translator is configured: to translate a proprietary version of CFM messages received from the first CFM area to a standard version of CFM messages, and to forward said standard version of CFM messages into the second CFM area.