1. A method of making (+)-2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-(5-methyl-2-oxohexyl)-1-isoindolinone, the method comprising the steps of:
a.) reacting 2-diaminopyridine with malic acid and sulfuric acid to form 2-amino-7-hydroxy-1,8-naphthyridine sulfuric acid salt;
b) reacting 2,6-amino-7-hydroxy-1,8-naphthyridine sulfuric acid salt with a phthalyl reactant in solvent to form phthalimidyl naphthyridine 2
c) reacting phthalimidyl naphthyridine 2 with a chlorinating agent to form chloride 3
d) reacting chloride 3 with a reducing agent to form hydroxyindolinone 4
e) reacting hydroxyindolinone 4 with a 5-methyl-2-oxo-hexyltriphenylphosphonium halide to form racemic 2-(7chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-(5methyl-2-oxohexyl)-1-isindolinone; and
f) resolving racemic 2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-(5-methyl-2-oxohexyl)-1-isoindolinone to provide (+)-2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-(5methyl-2-oxohexyl)-1-isoindolinone.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the resolution step f comprises the steps of:
g) reacting racemic 2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-(5-methyl-2-oxohexyl)-1-isoindoline with a base to form acid 6
h) reacting acid 6 with (+)-ephedrine to form salt 6a
i) reacting salt 6a with an amide forming reagent to form (+)-2-(7-chloro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)-3-(5-methyl-2-oxohexyl)-1-isoindolinone.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method to shift information technology workloads, the method comprising:
obtaining, using a processor, demand profiles for the workloads in an information technology infrastructure, a respective demand profile representing resource utilization over time to support a respective workload;
shifting, with the processor, one or more of the demand profiles in time, the one or more of the demand profiles being shifted in time based on different possible assignments of different ones of the workloads to resources of the information technology infrastructure;
evaluating, with the processor, aggregations of the one or more of the demand profiles shifted in time to determine a plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations that meet a target demand profile for an aggregation of the workloads;
aggregating the demand profiles shifted in time in accordance with a first one of the different possible workload assignment configurations to determine an aggregate workload demand profile;
comparing the aggregate workload demand profile and the target demand profile to determine whether to keep the first one of the different possible workload assignment configurations; and
using a selected one of the plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations to assign the workloads to the resources of the information technology infrastructure.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising:
obtaining data representing resource utilization at different times to support the workloads; and
determining the demand profiles from the data.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising shifting, in time, assignment of delay-tolerant workloads, but not time-critical workloads, to the resources to determine the different possible assignments of the different ones of workloads to the resources.
4. A method as defined in claim 3 further comprising assigning the time-critical workloads to the resources before assigning the delay-tolerant workloads to the resources.
5. A method as defined in claim 3 further comprising:
determining a workload prioritization based on workload assignment constraints; and
shifting assignment of the delay-tolerant workloads to the resources in accordance with the workload prioritization.
6. A method as defined in claim 3 further comprising using a stochastic process to shift, in time, assignment of the delay-tolerant workloads.
7. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the target demand profile tracks at least one of cost of energy resources to power the information technology infrastructure or availability of renewable energy resources to power the information technology infrastructure.
8. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the target demand profile corresponds to a reduction in an amount of resources to be employed by the information technology infrastructure caused by increasing a duration during which the resources of the information technology infrastructure are utilized to support the workloads.
9. A tangible machine readable storage medium comprising machine readable instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
obtain demand profiles for workloads in an information technology infrastructure, each demand profile representing resource utilization over time to support a respective workload;
shift one or more of the demand profiles in time, the one or more of the demand profiles being shifted in time based on different possible assignments of different ones of the workloads to resources of the information technology infrastructure;
evaluate aggregations of the one or more of the demand profiles shifted in time to determine a plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations that meet a target demand profile for an aggregation of the workloads;
aggregate the demand profiles shifted in time in accordance with a first one of the different possible workload assignment configurations to determine an aggregate workload demand profile;
compare the aggregate workload demand profile and the target demand profile to determine whether to keep the first one of the different possible workload assignment configurations; and
use a selected one of the plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations to assign the workloads to the resources of the information technology infrastructure.
10. A tangible storage medium as defined in claim 9 wherein the machine readable instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to:
assign time-critical workloads to the resources without shifting the time-critical workloads in time; and
perform a stochastic process to shift, in time, assignment of delay-tolerant workloads to the resources to determine the first one of the different possible workload assignment configurations.
11. A tangible storage medium as defined in claim 10 wherein the machine readable instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to:
perform a second iteration of the stochastic process to determine a different assignment, in time, of the delay-tolerant workloads to the resources to determine a second one of the plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations;
aggregate the demand profiles shifted in time in accordance with the second one of the plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations to determine a second aggregate workload demand profile; and
compare the second aggregate workload demand profile and the target demand profile to determine whether the second one of the plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations is valid.
12. A workload shifting apparatus comprising:
a workload profiler to determine demand profiles for workloads in an information technology infrastructure based on data obtained from resources of the information technology infrastructure, each demand profile representing resource utilization over time to support a respective workload;
a target demand profiler to obtain a target demand profile for an aggregation of the workloads; and
a workload shifting evaluator comprising a processor to:
shift one or more of the demand profiles in time, the one or more of the demand profiles being shifted in time based on different possible assignments of different ones of the plurality of delay-tolerant workloads to resources of the information technology infrastructure;
evaluate aggregations of the one or more of the demand profiles shifted in time to determine a plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations that meet the target demand profile;
aggregate the demand profiles shifted in time in accordance with a first one of the different possible workload assignment configurations to determine an aggregate workload demand profile;
compare the aggregate workload demand profile and the target demand profile to determine whether to keep the first one of the different possible workload assignment configurations; and
use a selected one of the plurality of different possible workload assignment configurations to assign the workloads to the resources of the information technology infrastructure.
13. An apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein the workload shifting evaluator is to:
determine a workload prioritization based on workload assignment constraints;
assign time-critical workloads to the resources without shifting the time-critical workloads in time; and
shift, in time, assignment of the delay-tolerant workloads to resources based on the workload prioritization and a stochastic process.
14. An apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein the workload profiler is to repeatedly determine updated demand profiles based on updated data received from the resources of the information technology infrastructure, and the workload shifting evaluator is to repeatedly determine corresponding updated workload assignment configurations based on evaluating the updated demand profiles.