1. A process comprising:
(a) reacting glycerol with a polyunsaturated component selected from the group consisting of polyunsaturated fatty acids, C1-4 alkyl esters thereof and mixtures thereof, under vacuum, in the presence of an enzyme and an agent selected from the group consisting of weakly acidic salts, weakly basic salts, complexing agents, salts of complexing agents, basic ion exchangers, weakly basic ion exchangers, salts of acidic ion exchangers, solvent and gas entraining agents, glycerol-binding adsorbers, and mixtures thereof, to form a product mixture comprising (i) a triglyceride of the polyunsaturated component and (ii) one or more other components selected from the group consisting of the enzyme, the agent, unreacted polyunsaturated component, unreacted glycerol and mixtures thereof; and
(b) separating the triglyceride and the one or more other components.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the polyunsaturated component comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, \u03b3-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, C1-4 alkyl esters thereof and mixtures thereof.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is immobilized on a carrier.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of lipases, phospholipases, esterases and mixtures thereof.
5. The process according to claim 3, wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of lipases, phospholipases, esterases and mixtures thereof.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out under a pressure of 200 mbar or less.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of weakly basic salts, salts of complexing agents, basic ion exchangers, and mixtures thereof.
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of weakly acidic salts, weakly basic salts, complexing agents, salts of complexing agents, basic ion exchangers, weakly basic ion exchangers, salts of acidic ion exchangers, and wherein the agent is present in an amount of from 0.001 to 5% by weight.
9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium citrate, potassium acetate, potassium phosphate and mixtures thereof.
10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises an entraining agent which forms an azeotrope with water or short-chain alcohols.
11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises a glycerol-binding adsorber selected from the group consisting of silica gel, hydrophilic polymers and mixtures thereof.
12. A process comprising:
(a) reacting glycerol with a polyunsaturated component selected from the group consisting of polyunsaturated fatty acids, C1-4 alkyl esters thereof and mixtures thereof, under vacuum, in the presence of a first enzyme, to form an intermediate product;
(b) removing the first enzyme from the intermediate product;
(c) subjecting the intermediate product to a heat treatment to form a heat-treated intermediate product;
(d) adding a second enzyme to the heat-treated intermediate;
(e) heating the heat-treated intermediate in the presence of the second enzyme to form a product mixture comprising (i) a triglyceride of the polyunsaturated component and (ii) one or more other components selected from the group consisting of the enzyme, unreacted polyunsaturated component, unreacted glycerol and mixtures thereof; and
(f) separating the triglyceride and the one or more other components.
13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the first enzyme and the second enzyme are the same.
14. The process according to claim 12, wherein the polyunsaturated component comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, \u03b3-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, C1-4 alkyl esters thereof and mixtures thereof.
15. The process according to claim 12, wherein either or both of the first enzyme and the second enzyme are immobilized on a carrier.
16. The process according to claim 12, wherein the first enzyme and the second enzyme are selected from the group consisting of lipases, phospholipases, esterases and mixtures thereof.
17. The process according to claim 15, wherein the first enzyme and the second enzyme are selected from the group consisting of lipases, phospholipases, esterases and mixtures thereof.
18. The process according to claim 12, wherein the reaction is carried out under a pressure of 200 mbar or less.
19. The process according to claim 12, wherein the heat-treatment is carried out at a temperature of from 80\xb0 C. to 160\xb0 C.
20. The process according to claim 12, wherein the reaction of glycerol with the polyunsaturated component is carried out in the further presence of an agent selected from the group consisting of weakly acidic salts, weakly basic salts, complexing agents, salts of complexing agents, basic ion exchangers, weakly basic ion exchangers, salts of acidic ion exchangers, solvent and gas entraining agents, glycerol-binding adsorbers, and mixtures thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A composite floor element comprised of wood and reinforced concrete for forming building floors, comprising at least two wood beams running parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction of the floor element and a reinforced concrete body, which has a plate portion resting on the wood beams, each of the at least two wood beams having a first end face and a second end face located at opposed ends thereof, said first and second end faces face away from one another, the reinforced concrete body further has first and second portions that form edge beams which extend at an angle to the wood beams and bear against the first and second end faces of the wood beams;
wherein the end faces of each of the wood beams are each formed with a rabbet and a side face of a respective one of the edge beams bearing against the end face of each of the wood beams has a corresponding rabbet, against which the rabbet of the end face of each of the wood beams bears; and
at least one connecting member connected to each of the wood beams at each of the two opposed end faces of each of the wood beams, each of the connecting members has a first portion which protrudes into a respective one of the end faces of one of a respective one of the wood beams and a second portion which protrudes beyond the respective end face of the respective one of the wood beams and is embedded in the concrete of the respective edge beam.
2. The floor element as claimed in claim 1, wherein each respective one of the connecting members has a rod part.
3. The floor element as claimed in claim 2, wherein each respective one of the connecting members has a threaded rod.
4. The floor element as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one nut is screwed onto a portion of the threaded rod that protrudes beyond the respective end face of the respective one of the wood beams.
5. The floor element as claimed in claim 1, wherein each respective one of the connecting members is glued into a bore introduced into a respective end face of the respective wood beam.
6. The floor element as claimed claim 1, wherein the floor element, in a central region located in a center area lengthwise of the wood beams, has a camber compared to an area at the ends of the wood beams.
7. The floor element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the floor element further comprises plastic parts, and the plastic parts are capable of melting in case of fire are embedded in the concrete of the reinforced concrete body.
8. The floor element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wood beams are laminated wood beams.
9. The floor element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the floor element is installed in floors between stories of a multi-story building.
10. The floor element as claimed in claim 9, wherein the building has at least three stories arranged above a ground floor.
11. A composite floor element comprised of wood and reinforced concrete for forming building floors, comprising at least two wood beams running parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction of the floor element and a reinforced concrete body, which has a plate portion resting on the wood beams, the reinforced concrete body further has first and second portions that form edge beams which extend at an angle to the wood beams and bear against two opposed end faces of the wood beams;
wherein the end faces of each of the wood beams are each formed with a rabbet and a side face of a respective one of the edge beams bearing against the end face of a respective one of the wood beams has a corresponding rabbet, against which the rabbet of the end face of the respective wood beam bears; and
at least one connecting member connected to each of the wood beams at each of the two opposed end faces of a respective one of the wood beams, the connecting member has a first portion which protrudes into the wood beam and a second portion which protrudes beyond the respective end face of the respective one of the wood beams and is embedded in the concrete of the respective edge beam, and for transmission of shear stresses between the wood beams and the plate portion of the reinforced concrete body, each of the wood beams has, on an upper side thereof, at least one indentation, into which a protrusion of the plate-shaped portion projects.
12. The floor element as claimed in claim 11, wherein the upper side of a respective one of the wood beams is provided with two or more indentations, which are spaced in the longitudinal direction and into each of which one of the protrusions of the plate-shaped portion of the reinforced concrete body projects.
13. A composite floor element comprised of wood and reinforced concrete for forming building floors, comprising at least two wood beams running parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction of the floor element and a reinforced concrete body, which has a plate portion resting on the wood beams, the reinforced concrete body further has first and second portions that form edge beams which extend at an angle to the wood beams and bear against two opposed end faces of the wood beams;
wherein the end faces of each of the wood beams are each formed with a rabbet and a side face of a respective one of the edge beams bearing against the end face of a respective one of the wood beams has a corresponding rabbet, against which the rabbet of the end face of the respective wood beam bears; and
at least one connecting member connected to each of the wood beams at each of the two opposed end faces of a respective one of the wood beams, the connecting member has a first portion which protrudes into the wood beam and a second portion which protrudes beyond the respective end face of the respective one of the wood beams and is embedded in the concrete of the respective edge beam, and for connection between the at least two wood beams running in parallel and the plate-shaped portion of the reinforced concrete body, connecting parts are provided, which are connected to the respective wood beam and protrude beyond an upper side of the wood beam and are embedded in the concrete of the plate-shaped portion of the reinforced concrete body.
14. The floor element as claimed in claim 13, wherein the connecting parts are screws, which are screwed into the respective wood beams.