1. An electroactive complex composed of an electroactive polymer which is a homopolymer or copolymer of at least two monomers and which is functionalized by a chelating agent complexed with a metal ion, an antiligand and a ligand which has specifically interacted with said antiligand.
2. The complex as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the electroactive polymer is chosen from polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyazine, poly(p-phenylene), poly(p-phenylene vinylene), polypyrene, polythiophene, polyethylenedioxythiophene, polyfuran, polyselenophene, polypyridazine, polycarbazole, polyaniline or double-stranded polynucleotides.
3. The complex as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the chelating agent is chosen from NTA (nitrilotriacetate) or IDA (iminodiacetate).
4. The complex as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the metal ion is chosen from copper or mercury cations.
5. The complex as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the ligand and the antiligand are biological molecules chosen in particular from polynucleotides and polypeptides.
6. The complex as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the antiligand is bonded to histidine or one of its polymeric derivatives.
7. The complex as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the polypyrrole is a copolymer and comprises a monomer, the pyrrole ring of which is substituted by a \u2014CH2\u2014COOH or \u2014CH2\u2014CH2OH group.
8. An electroactive probe composed of an electroactive polymer which is a homopolymer or copolymer of at least two monomers and which is functionalized by a chelating agent complexed with a metal ion and an antiligand capable of interacting specifically with a ligand.
9. The electroactive probe as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the electroactive polymer is chosen from polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyazine, poly(p-phenylene), poly(p-phenylene vinylene), polypyrene, polythiophene, polyethylenedioxythiophene, polyfuran, polyselenophene, polypyridazine, poly-carbazole, polyaniline or double-stranded poly-nucleotides.
10. The electroactive probe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the chelating agent is chosen from NTA (nitrilotriacetate) or IDA (iminodiacetate).
11. The electroactive probe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the metal ion is chosen from copper or mercury cations.
12. The electroactive probe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the antiligand is a biological molecule chosen in particular from polynucleotides and polypeptides.
13. The electroactive probe as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the antiligand is bonded to histidine or one of its polymeric derivatives.
14. The electroactive probe as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the polypyrrole is a copolymer and comprises a monomer, the pyrrole ring of which is substituted by a \u2014CH2\u2014COOH or \u2014CH2\u2014CH2OH group.
15. A process for preparing a probe as defined in claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
(a) a polymer which is a homopolymer or copolymer composed of at least two monomers, at least one of which is substituted by an activated group, is available,
(b) a chelating agent in aqueous solution is available, and
(c) the polymer which is a homopolymer or copolymer is functionalized by the chelating agent by hydrolysis,
(d) the polymer functionalized with the chelating agent is complexed by contact with an aqueous solution of metal ions,
(e) the antiligand is grafted by contact of the complexed polymer functionalized with the chelating agent and complexed with a metal ion by contact with a solution of antiligand.
16. The process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the polymer is a polypyrrole composed of at least two pyrrole monomers, at least one of which is substituted on the carbon in the 3-position by an activated group.
17. A method for the detection of a ligand in a biological sample, characterized in that a probe as claimed in claim 8 is brought into contact under reaction conditions appropriate for the specific antiligandligand interaction and in that a difference in potential or a variation in current between the probe before bringing into contact and the probe after bringing into contact is demonstrated or quantified.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that the antiligand is bonded to histidine or one of its polymeric derivatives.
19. An electrode, all or part of the surface of which is coated with a probe as claimed in claim 8.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer, comprising:
an array of photoelectric transformer elements and dielectric interference bandpass filters disposed on a common filter support connected upstream therefrom for sensitizing the transformer elements to different wavelength ranges of the measurement light, wherein the bandpass filters are divided into a number of filter groups, each of which respectively contains the same different bandpass filters within the filter group, and
optical means which spectrally shift the effective bandpass curves of the bandpass filters of all the filter groups except one so that the effective bandpass curves of all the bandpass filters have different spectral positions.
2. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 1, wherein the half-widths and spectral distances of the bandpass curves of the bandpass filters of each filter group are disposed so that transmission gaps are left free between the bandpass curves.
3. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 2, wherein the widths of the transmission gaps essentially correspond to a multiple of the sought spectral resolution corresponding to the number of filter groups.
4. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 3, wherein the optical means comprise an optical deflector element connected upstream of the bandpass filters with a number of portions corresponding to the number of filter groups, and each portion of the deflector element is assigned to the bandpass filters of one of the filter groups, and the measurement light is deflected by a different angle of deflection so that measurement light is applied to the bandpass filters of the filter group assigned to the portion at an angle of incidence corresponding to the angle of deflection, and the effective bandpass curves of the bandpass filters are shifted towards shorter wavelengths as a result.
5. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 4, wherein the angle of deflection of the deflector element is selected so that the effective bandpass curves of the bandpass filters are shifted essentially equidistantly into the transmission gaps.
6. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 5, wherein the optical deflector element is disposed directly on or at a short distance from the filter support.
7. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 5, wherein the optical deflector element has a plane parallel portion and at least one prismatic portion or an appropriate prismatic Fresnel structure.
8. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 5, wherein the optical deflector element is disposed directly on or at a short distance from the filter support.
9. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 4, wherein the optical deflector element has a plane parallel portion and at least one prismatic portion or an appropriate prismatic Fresnel structure.
10. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 4, wherein the optical deflector element is disposed directly on or at a short distance from the filter support.
11. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 4, wherein the optical deflector element has two prismatic portions for each angle of deflection which deflect the measurement light by the same angle in two spatial directions orthogonal to one another.
12. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 4, wherein the optical deflector element is made from optical transparent plastic.
13. Spectral photoelectric measurement transformer according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric interference bandpass filters are lithographically applied to the filter support using thin film coating technology.