What is claimed is:
1. A computer-readable storage medium on which is recorded a program for causing a computer, which obtains resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, to execute a process, the process comprising:
generating a model where a conductor is divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the conductor, which are set so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface, and larger as the faces are farther from the surface;
calculating resistance of the conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
outputting a calculation result.
2. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein
the computer generates a model where the intervals of the plurality of faces vary according to a depth of a skin.
3. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, the process further comprising
calculating a skin resistance coefficient of the conductor by using the generated model, and outputting an obtained skin resistance coefficient.
4. A computer-readable storage medium on which is recorded a program for causing a computer, which obtains resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, to execute a process, the process comprising:
calculating a depth of a skin by using the frequency;
generating a model where a depth from a surface of a conductor is represented by a product of the depth of the skin and a division rate, a signal conductor is vertically and horizontally divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the signal conductor, which are set with a plurality of division rates so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface of the conductor and larger as the faces are farther from the surface, a ground conductor is vertically divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the ground conductor, which are set by using the plurality of division rates, and the ground conductor is horizontally divided by a plurality of faces which are set based on a distance between the signal conductor and the ground conductor;
calculating resistance of the signal conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
outputting a calculation result.
5. A propagation signal propagating a program to a computer which obtains resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, the program causing the computer to perform:
generating a model where a conductor is divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the conductor, which are set so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface, and larger as the faces are farther from the surface;
calculating resistance of the conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
outputting a calculation result.
6. A propagation signal propagating a program to a computer which obtains resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, the program causing the computer to perform:
calculating a depth of a skin by using the frequency;
generating a model where a depth from a surface of a conductor is represented by a product of the depth of the skin and a division rate, a signal conductor is vertically and horizontally divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the signal conductor, which are set with a plurality of division rates so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface of the conductor and larger as the faces are farther from the surface, a ground conductor is vertically divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the ground conductor, which are set by using the plurality of division rates, and the ground conductor is horizontally divided by a plurality of faces which are set based on a distance between the signal conductor and the ground conductor;
calculating resistance of the signal conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
outputting a calculation result.
7. A calculation method obtaining resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, comprising:
setting a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of a conductor so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface, and larger as the faces are farther from the surface;
generating a model where the conductor is divided by the plurality of faces; and
calculating resistance of the conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model.
8. A processing device obtaining resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, comprising:
a generating device generating a model where a conductor is divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of a conductor, which are set so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface, and larger as the faces are farther from the surface;
a calculating device calculating resistance of the conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
an outputting device outputting a calculation result.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for storing a target file and protecting the target file from data damage comprising:
a) a processor configured to retrieve and execute program code of a wrapper application, the program code including:
i) code for intercepting at least one file command issued by another application, said at least one file command being operative to affect the target file, and said wrapper application being independent of said other application;
ii) code for saving update information pertaining to said at least one file command, and
iii) code for updating the target file according to said update information;
b) a first memory space for storing the target file, and
c) a second memory space for storing said update information.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said first memory space resides in a nonvolatile memory of a data processing device.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said second memory space resides in at least one memory selected from the list consisting of said nonvolatile memory of said data processing device, a separate nonvolatile memory of said data processing device, and a volatile memory of said data processing device.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein said first memory space resides in a nonvolatile memory of a portable data storage device.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein said second memory space resides in at least one memory selected from the list consisting of said nonvolatile memory of said portable data storage device, a memory of a data processing device, and a volatile memory of said portable data storage device.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said update information includes only data pertaining to said at least one file command.
7. The system of claim 1, further comprising
e) a third memory space for storing a temporary file, and
wherein said wrapper application further includes
iv) code for copying at least part of the target file into said temporary file;
v) code for applying said update information to said temporary file, and
vi) code for replacing said at least part of the target file with said temporary file.
8. A computer readable storage medium having computer readable code embodied thereon, the computer readable code being for protecting a target file from data damage, the computer readable code comprising:
a) program code for intercepting at least one file command issued by an application, said at least one file command operative to affect the target file, said program code being independent of said application;
b) program code for saving update information pertaining to said at least one file command without modifying the target file, and
c) program code for updating the target file with said update information.
9. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein said program code for intercepting and said program code for saving make said intercepting and said saving contingent upon at least one condition selected from the group consisting of said application being one of a plurality of included applications, said application being other than an excluded application, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file other than a temporary file, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file belonging to an included file type, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file not belonging to an excluded file type and said at least one file command being operative to affect a file stored in an included storage device.
10. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein said at least one file command includes every write command operative to affect the target file after said code for saving is executed and until said code for updating is executed.
11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising:
d) code for detecting a termination event and for performing said updating of the target file upon detection of said termination event.
12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein said termination event includes at least one event selected from the group consisting of an issuing of a command to close the target file, a closing down of said application, an occurrence of a condition dependent on a statistic related to a plurality of file commands, and an exceeding of a maximum time threshold since a previous updating of the target file.
13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the computer readable code further comprises:
d) program code for copying at least part of the target file into a temporary file, and
e) program code for applying said update information to said temporary file upon occurrence of a merge event.
14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein said merge event includes at least one event selected from the group consisting of:
i) an issuing of a command to close the target file,
ii) a closing down of an application that accessed the target file,
iii) an occurrence of a condition dependent on a statistic related to a plurality of file
commands,
iv) an exceeding of a size of a delta file containing said update information beyond a maximum size threshold,
v) a passing of level of activity of an operating system under a minimum activity threshold,
vi) a closing down of said application,
vii) an exceeding of a maximum time threshold since a previous merge event, and
viii) an interception of a command to read the target file and wherein execution of said code for applying precedes returning read results data in response to said command to read.
15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer readable code further comprises:
f) program code for detecting a termination event, and
g) program code for deleting at least one file selected from the group consisting the target file, said temporary file and a delta file containing said update information upon detection of said termination event, said deleting being subsequent to said applying and updating.
16. A method of employing a wrapper program to protect a target file from data damage, the method comprising:
a) intercepting by the wrapper program of at least one file command issued by an application, said at least one file command operative to affect the target file, said intercepting step being transparent to said application;
b) saving update information pertaining to said at least one file command without altering the target file, and
c) updating the target file with said update information.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said at least one file command includes every write command operative to affect the target file and issued by said application between a start of said saving and an end of said updating.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein said updating step includes:
i) copying at least part of the target file into a temporary file;
ii) applying said update information to said temporary file, and
iii) replacing said at least part of the target file with at least part of said temporary file.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
d) deleting a delta file containing said update information subsequent to said applying step.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein said updating step is performed upon occurrence of at least one termination event selected from the group consisting of:
i) an issuing of a command to close the target file,
ii) a closing down of said application,
iii) a closing down of an application that accessed the target file,
iv) an occurrence of a condition dependent on a statistic related to a plurality of file commands,
v) a passing of level of activity of an operating system under a minimum activity threshold,
vi) an exceeding of a maximum time threshold since an issuing of said at least one file command, and
vii) an exceeding of a maximum time threshold since a previous merge event.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein said intercepting step and said saving step are contingent on at least one condition selected from the group consisting of said application being one of a plurality of included applications, said application being other than an excluded application, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file other than a temporary file, said at least one file command being operative to affect an included file type, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file other than an excluded file type and said at least one file command being operative to effect a file stored in an included storage device.
22. A system for reading data from a protected target file comprising:
a) a processor configured to retrieve and execute program code of a wrapper application, the program code including:
i) code for intercepting at least one file command issued by an application independent of said wrapper application, said at least one file command operative to access the protected target file;
ii) code for reading update information pertaining to said at least one file command, and
b) a first memory space for storing the protected target file, and
c) a second memory space for storing said update information.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein said wrapper application further includes:
iii) code for merging data from said protected target file with said update information into a temporary file.
24. A method of employing a wrapper program to read a protected target file comprising:
a) intercepting by the wrapper program of at least one file command issued by an application, said at least one file command being operative to access the protected target file, said intercepting step being transparent to said application;
b) reading update information pertaining to said at least one file command stored in a delta file, said delta file being separate from the protected target file, and
c) merging data from the target file with said update information,
d) returning a result of said merging as a response to said at least one file command.