1. Spraying head for the humidification of the intake air of a piston engine, said spraying head comprising at least one nozzle (3) for supplying a liquid humidifying the intake air into the air intake duct or into a space leading to the air intake duct of the engine, characterized in that the spraying head (1) is movable between at least two positions, a first position, in which first position the spraying head is retracted, and a second position, in which second position the spraying head is protruding.
2. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that, in a non-active state, the spraying head is in the retracted first position, while in an active state, in the second position, at least one of the nozzles (3) of the spraying head extends to a position inside the air intake duct relative to the level of the edges of the spraying head holder (2) or andor the interior surface of the air intake duct (5).
3. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that the holder (2) is provided with at least one guide element (13) and the spraying head with at least one guide element mating surface (14) for keeping the spraying head in a desired orientation.
4. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying head (1), preferably its shank part (7), and the holder (2) are arranged to function as a cylinder-piston combination in which the spraying head, preferably its shank part (7), is provided with a piston part (7) and the holder (2) comprises a cylinder chamber (8), the piston part being movably fitted in it.
5. Spraying head according to claim 1 characterized in that the spraying head arrangement comprises means for moving the spraying head (1) from the protruding position into the retracted position.
6. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that a spring element (10) is arranged between the spraying head (1) and the holder (2) for 8 moving the spraying head from the protruding position to the retracted position.
7. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying head comprises at least one first channel (11) for conveying a pressure medium to at least one nozzle (3).
8. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying head comprises at least one second channel (21) for conveying a second pressure medium to at least one nozzle.
9. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying head (1) comprises at least two nozzles (3).
10. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying head (1) comprises at least one second channel for conveying a medium to another nozzle.
11. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying head sprays a liquid mist, especially water mist.
12. Spraying head according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying head (1) is moved from the first position to the second position by the action of a pressure medium.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A thermal storage apparatus for using a hydrate thermal storage medium comprising:
a storage tank for storing a cooling medium liquid;
a refrigerating machine, connected with the storage tank via a pipe for cooling the cooling medium liquid, the cooling medium liquid circulating between the storage tank and the refrigerating machine;
a thermal storage body immersed in the cooling medium liquid, wherein the thermal storage medium comprising,
a hermetically sealed container,
an aqueous solution filled in the hermetically sealed container, to generate at least one selected from the group consisting of a primary hydrate and a secondary hydrate, wherein the primary hydrate has smaller hydration number and smaller heat capacity than the secondary hydrate, the secondary hydrate has larger hydration number and larger heat capacity than the primary hydrate,
fine particles to prevent the aqueous solution from super-cooling, the fine particles being contained in the hermetically sealed container.
2. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising container drive means for changing position of the container and moving the container in the cooling medium liquid to disperse the fine particles in the container.
3. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the container drive means comprises a fluid mechanism to change position of the container or to move the container by fluidizing the cooling medium liquid in the storage tank.
4. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the container drive means comprises an air-injection mechanism to change position of the container or to move the container by injecting air into the cooling medium liquid in the storage tank and by ascending air bubbles.
5. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the container drive means comprises a mechanical drive mechanism for mechanically changing position of the container or moving the container.
6. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the container of the thermal storage medium floats freely in the cooling medium liquid in the storage tank.
7. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the container of the thermal storage medium is supported in the storage tank in a free-rotational mode.
8. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the container of the storage tank provides at least one piece of blade members outside of the container, to promote changing position of the container or moving the container.
9. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution filled in the hermetically sealed container contains a guest compound, where the generation temperature of at least one selected from the group consisting of the primary hydrate and the secondary hydrate varies in accordance with the concentration of the aqueous solution.
10. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles have a diameter size of 100 m or less.
11. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles have a diameter size of 10 m or less.
12. The thermal storage apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles have a diameter size of 100 m or less, and the fine particles in the aqueous solution have a concentration of 0.1 mgl or more.
13. A hydrate thermal storage medium comprising:
an aqueous solution containing a guest compound to generate a hydrate slurry by cooling; and,
a corrosion inhibitor.
14. The hydrate thermal storage medium according to claim 13, wherein the contained corrosion inhibitor is 5,000 wt.ppm or less of concentration.
15. The hydrate thermal storage medium according to claim 13, wherein the guest compound is one selected from the group consisting of a tetra-n-butylammonium salt, a tetra-iso-amylammonium salt, a tetra-iso-butylphosphonium salt, and a tri-iso-amylsulfonium salt.
16. A method for producing a hydrate thermal storage medium comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing an aqueous solution containing a guest compound to generate at least one selected from the group consisting of a primary hydrate and a secondary hydrate, wherein the primary hydrate has smaller hydration number and smaller heat capacity than the secondary hydrate, the secondary hydrate has larger hydration number and larger heat capacity than the primary hydrate; and,
(b) cooling the aqueous solution to produce at least one selected from the group consisting of the primary hydrate and the secondary hydrate.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the aqueous solution is cooled at a rate of 6 kcalhr-kg or more.
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the aqueous solution contains the guest compound at a concentration of from 10 to 26 wt. %.
19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the aqueous solution is cooled to a temperature range of from 5 C. to 8 C.
20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the guest compound is one selected from the group consisting of a tetra-n-butylammonium salt, a tetra-iso-amylammonium salt, a tetra-iso-butylphosphonium salt, or a tri-iso-amylsulfonium salt.
21. A method for producing a hydrate slurry comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing an aqueous solution containing a guest compound by cooling, to generate at least one selected from the group consisting of a primary hydrate and a secondary hydrate, wherein the primary hydrate has smaller hydration number and smaller heat capacity than the secondary hydrate, the secondary hydrate has larger hydration number and larger heat capacity than the primary hydrate,and,
(b) cooling the aqueous solution and contacting nucleus particles as nucleus of the hydrate particles with the aqueous solution to produce the hydrate particles consisting of the primary hydrate and the secondary hydrate.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the nucleus particles comprise hydrate particles.
23. The method according to claim 21, wherein the nucleus particles comprise fine particles.
24. The method according to claim 21, wherein the nucleus particles have a diameter size of 300 m or less.
25. The method according to claim 21, wherein the nucleus particles have a diameter size of 100 m or less.
26. The method according to claim 21, wherein the nucleus particles have a diameter size of 10 m or less.
27. The method according to claim 21, wherein the nucleus particles have a diameter size of 10 m or less and the nucleus particles in the aqueous solution have a concentration of 0.1 mgl or more.
28. The method according to claim 21, wherein the nucleus particles comprise fine particles having heavier specific gravity than the specific gravity of the aqueous solution, and wherein the step of contacting the nucleus particles with the aqueous solution comprises dispersing and floating the nucleus particles in the aqueous solution.
29. The method according to claim 21, wherein the step of contacting the nucleus particles with the aqueous solution comprises dispersing and floating the nucleus particles precipitated in the aqueous solution.
30. The method according to claim 21, wherein the specific gravity of the nucleus particles is almost equal with the specific gravity of the aqueous solution, and the nucleus particles are dispersed and floated in the aqueous solution.
31. The method according to claim 21, wherein the step of contacting the nucleus particles with the aqueous solution comprises the step of agitating the aqueous solution containing the nucleus particles.
32. The method according to claim 21, wherein the step of contacting the nucleus particles with the aqueous solution comprises the step of contacting the aqueous solution with members to which surface the nucleus particles adhere.
33. An apparatus for producing hydrate slurry by cooling an aqueous solution containing a guest compound and by generating hydrate particles comprising:
a generation heat exchanger having a heat transfer surface for cooling the aqueous solution and cooling the aqueous solution by contacting the aqueous solution with the heat transfer surface; and,
a nucleus particles supply mechanism for supplying the nucleus particles as nuclei of the hydrate particles to the aqueous solution passing through the generation heat exchanger.
34. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the nucleus particles supply mechanism comprises a supply mechanism for supplying the hydrate particles.
35. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the nucleus particles supply mechanism comprises a hydrate particle generation mechanism capable of operation independent from the generation heat exchanger.
36. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the nucleus particles supply mechanism comprises a storage tank holding a part of the hydrate slurry produced in the generation heat exchanger.
37. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the nucleus particles supply mechanism comprises a nucleus particle recovery mechanism for recovering the nucleus particles precipitated in the aqueous solution and for supplying the recovered nucleus particles to the generation heat exchanger.
38. An apparatus for producing a hydrate slurry by cooling an aqueous solution containing a guest compound, to generate a primary hydrate and a secondary hydrate, wherein the primary hydrate has smaller hydration number and smaller heat capacity than the secondary hydrate, the secondary hydrate has larger hydration number and larger heat capacity than the primary hydrate by generating hydrate particles, comprising:
a generation heat exchanger having a heat transfer surface for cooling the aqueous solution and cooling the aqueous solution by the contacting the aqueous solution with the heat transfer surface; and,
at least one part of a surface of members, wherein the surface contacts with the aqueous solution in the generation heat exchanger, and wherein nucleus particles as nuclei of the hydrate particles adhere to the surface.
39. The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein the generation heat exchanger comprises:
a cylindrical heat transfer surface,
a separation blade member rotating, simultaneously with contacting and sliding on the heat transfer surface for separating the hydrate generated on the heat transfer surface, and,
a surface of the separation blade member having a surface adhered by the nucleus particles.
40. An apparatus for producing a hydrate slurry by cooling an aqueous solution containing a guest compound and by generating hydrate particles, comprising:
a generation heat exchanger having a heat transfer surface for cooling the aqueous solution and cooling the aqueous solution by contacting the aqueous solution with the heat transfer surface; and,
an agitation mechanism for dispersing and floating the nucleus particles as nuclei of the hydrate particles in the aqueous solution.
41. A Hydrate thermal storage medium comprising:
an aqueous solution filled in the hermetically sealed container, to generate at least one selected from the group consisting of a primary hydrate and a secondary hydrate, wherein the primary hydrate has smaller hydration number and smaller heat capacity than the secondary hydrate, the secondary hydrate has larger hydration number and larger heat capacity than the primary hydrate.
42. The thermal storage medium according to claim 41, wherein the aqueous solution contains the guest compound, the concentration being from 10% to 26%.
43. The thermal storage medium according to claim 41, wherein the guest compound contained in the aqueous solution is one selected from the group consisting of a tetra-n-butylammonium salt, a tetra-iso-amylammonium salt, a tetra-iso-butylphosphonium salt, and a tri-iso-amylsulfonium salt.
44. A hydrate cold thermal storage transporting medium comprising:
a primary hydrate and a secondary hydrate, wherein the primary hydrate has smaller hydration number and smaller heat capacity than the secondary hydrate, the secondary hydrate has larger hydration number and larger heat capacity than the primary hydrate.
45. The hydrate cold thermal storage transporting medium according to claim 44, wherein the aqueous solution contains the guest compound, the concentration being from 10% to 26%.
46. The hydrate cold thermal storage transporting medium according to claim 44, wherein the guest compound contained in the aqueous solution is one selected from the group consisting of a tetra-n-butylammonium salt, a tetra-iso-amylammonium salt, a tetra-iso-butylphosphonium salt, and a tri-iso-amylsulfonium salt.
47. The hydrate thermal storage medium according to claim 13, wherein the contained corrosion inhibitor is at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium nitrite, sodium sulfite, sodium pyrophosphate, and benzotriazole.
48. The method according to claim 16, the aqueous solution is cooled to generation temperature or less of the secondary hydrate.