1. A visualization and modeling system comprising:
an ultrasound echo imaging system having an intracardiac echo catheter configured to produce a intracardiac echocardiography image (ICE image);
a visualization, navigation, or mapping system configured to generate a geometric model of a body cavity and generate a first position within the geometric model of the intracardiac echo catheter and a second position within the geometric model of a sensor of a medical device within the body cavity; and
an electronic control system (ECS) being configured to receive the ICE image, the geometric model, the first position, and the second position, the ECS being further configured to orient the ICE image within the geometric model at the first position, and generate a composite image when the oriented ICE image intersects the second position.
2. The system of claim 1, the composite image comprising a sensor visualization disposed on the ICE image.
3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a display device configured to be in communication with the ECS, the ECS being further configured to generate a user interface containing the composite image.
4. The system of claim 3, the user interface further containing a two dimensional rendering of the geometric model.
5. The system of claim 4, the two dimensional rendering containing an ICE image volume frame.
6. The system of claim 2, the ECS being further configured to generate a composite image when the ICE image located in the geometric model is within a threshold distance of the second position.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the threshold distance is predetermined by the ECS.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the threshold distance may be adjusted by the user.
9. The system of claim 1, the visualization, navigation, or mapping system being configured to generate a position data set comprising a plurality of sensor positions and sensor associations, each of the plurality of sensor positions corresponding to a location of a sensor of a medical device within the geometric model;
the composite image containing a sensor visualization depicting the position and associations of each member of the position data set having a position within a threshold distance of the first position.
10. The system of claim 9, the sensor visualization depicting the sensor associations as a line connecting at least two sensor locations.
11. A visualization and modeling system comprising:
an ultrasound echo imaging system having an intracardiac echo catheter (ICE catheter), the ultrasound echo imaging system being configured to generate a two-dimensional echocardiography image (ICE image);
a visualization, navigation, or mapping system configured to generate a geometric model and to determine the position and orientation of the ICE catheter within the geometric model; and
an electronic control system (ECS) configured to locate the ICE image within the geometric model and to execute an auto-segmentation routine generating a shell element, the electronic control unit further being configured to transform the shell element into the geometric model.
12. The system of claim 11, the geometric model being further configured to have a plurality of defined anatomic boundaries, the auto-segmentation routine being configured to generate a shell element partially bounded by at least one of the plurality of defined anatomic boundaries.
13. The system of claim 11, the auto-segmentation routine comprising the steps of:
selecting a dark pixel from a portion of the ICE image contained within the defined anatomic boundary;
creating a void group by adding to the void group all dark pixels adjacent to one of the selected dark pixel or another dark pixel within the void group.
creating a shell element.
14. The system of claim 13, the step of creating a shell element comprising selecting the perimeter pixels of the void group.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the ECS is further configured to modify the geometric model to incorporate the shell element.
16. A method of enhancing a geometric model of a body cavity comprising the steps of:
acquiring a geometric model of a heart;
acquiring an intracardiac echocardiogram image (ICE image);
locating and orienting the ICE image in the geometric model;
segmenting the ICE image to produce a shell element; and
transforming the shell element into the geometric model.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of modifying the geometric model to incorporate the shell element.
18. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of displaying a defined anatomic boundary within the ICE image from the geometric model.
19. The method of claim 18, the geometric model containing a pre-segmented chamber, wherein the defined anatomic boundary comprises the edge of the pre-segmented chamber.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein segmenting the ICE image comprises the steps of:
selecting a dark pixel from a portion of the ICE image contained within the defined anatomic boundary;
creating a void group by adding all dark pixels adjacent to one of the selected dark pixel or another dark pixel within the void group.
generating a shell element from the perimeter pixels of the void group.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An organic electroluminescent device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one emission layer comprising at least one matrix material which is doped with at least one phosphorescent emitter, wherein at least one hole blocking layer is incorporated between the emission layer and the cathode and comprises at least one compound of the formula
where the symbols and indices used are:
Aryl is the same or different at each instance and is an aromatic or ring system which has from 1 to 40 aromatic carbon atoms and may be substituted by one or more R radicals;
R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO2, CN or a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 40 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by \u2014R1C\u2550CR1\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, Si(R1)2, Ge(R1)2, Sn(R1)2, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 or NR1\u2014, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by F or an aromatic R1 group, where two or more substituents R or R with aryl may form a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
R1 is the same or different at each instance and is H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where two or more substituents R1 or R1 with R andor aryl may also form a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
n is the same or different at each instance and is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
m is the same or different at each instance and is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
o is the same or different at each instance and is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
p is the same or different at each instance and is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
with the proviso that that the sum of n+o=4 and the sum of m+p=4, and with the further proviso that the hole blocking material is not identical to the matrix material, and with the further proviso that aryl does not contain any diazine, triazine or tetrazine group.
2. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a hole injection layer andor a hole transport layer andor an electron injection layer andor an electron transport layer and optionally further layers are present.
3. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hole blocking layer contains at least 50% of compounds of the formula.
4. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hole blocking layer consists only of compounds of the formula.
5. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, for compounds of the formula:
Aryl is the same or different at each instance and is an aromatic or ring system which has from 1 to 20 aromatic carbon atoms and may be substituted by one or more R radicals;
R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, Cl, NO2, CN, N(R1)2 or a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by \u2014R1C\u2550CR1\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, Si(R1)2, Ge(R1)2, Sn(R1)2, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 or \u2014NR1\u2014, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by F or an aromatic R1 group, where two or more substituents R may form a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
R1 is the same or different at each instance and is H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where two or more substituents R1 or R1 with R andor aryl may also form a further mono- or polycyclic aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
n is the same or different at each instance and is 1 or 2;
m is the same or different at each instance and is 0, 1 or 2;
o is the same or different at each instance and is 2 or 3;
p is the same or different at each instance and is 2, 3 or 4;
in these compounds, the aryl substituent is attached via positions 2 andor 4, or, where present, also via positions 5, 7, 2\u2032, 4\u2032, 5\u2032 andor 7\u2032.
6. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the following applies to compounds of the formula:
Aryl is the same or different at each instance and is composed of phenyl andor pyridine groups, contains a total of from 5 to 18 aromatic carbon atoms and may be substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals;
R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, NO2, CN or a straight-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by \u2014R1C\u2550CR1\u2014, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, Si(R1)2, Ge(R1)2, Sn(R1)2, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 or \u2014NR1\u2014, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by F or an aromatic R1 group, where two or more substituents R may form a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
R1 is the same or different at each instance and is H or an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where two or more substituents R1 or R1 with R andor aryl may also form a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system;
n is 1 at each instance;
m is the same or different at each instance and is 0 or 1;
o is 3 at each instance;
p is the same or different at each instance and is 3 or 4;
in these compounds, the aryl substituent and the substituents R which are not H are attached via position 2, or else via positions 7, 2\u2032 andor 7\u2032.
7. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compounds of the formula have a total of two aryl substituents which are attached to the spirobifluorene unit either via positions 2 and 7 or via positions 2 and 2\u2032, or in that they contain a total of four aryl substituents which are attached to the spirobifluorene unit via positions 2, 2\u2032, 7 and 7\u2032.
8. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass transition temperature of the compounds of the formula is >100\xb0 C.
9. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glass transition temperature of the compounds of the formula is >140\xb0 C.
10. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the layer thickness of the hole blocking layer is from 1 to 50 nm.
11. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hole blocking layer directly adjoins the cathode or the electron injection layer without use of an electron transport layer.
12. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matrix material is selected from the classes of the carbazoles, of the ketones and imines, of the phosphine oxides, of the phosphine sulfides, of the phosphine selenides, of the phosphazines, of the sulfones, of the sulfoxides, of the silanes, of the polypodal metal complexes or of the oligophenylenes based on spirobifluorenes.
13. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phosphorescent emitter has at least one element of atomic number greater than 36 and less than 84.
14. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the phosphorescent emitter contains at least one element from the group of molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium.
15. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more layers are coated by a sublimation process.
16. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more layers are coated by the OVPD process (organic vapor phase deposition) or with the aid of carrier gas sublimation.
17. The organic electroluminescent device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more layers are applied by a printing process.
18. The use of the design of the electronic devices as claimed in claim 1, wherein for organic transistors, organic integrated circuits, organic solar cells, organic laser diodes or organic photoreceptors.