1. A structural foundation for use in expansive or other soil comprising:
a. a foundational element wherein the foundational element further comprises:
i. a vertical wall, wherein said vertical wall further comprises:
1. a top;
2. a bottom; and
3. an outside edge;
ii. a slab on a soil surface, wherein the slab further comprises an outer edge;
b. wherein the top of the vertical wall contacts the slab;
c. wherein the outside edge of the vertical wall faces away from the slab;
d. wherein the outside edge of the vertical wall is positioned underneath the slab such that the outside edge of the vertical wall and the outer edge of the slab fall within a vertical plane; and
e. wherein the bottom of the vertical wall extends a distance below the slab on the soil surface and prevents moisture from migrating beyond the vertical wall under the foundational element.
2. The structural foundation of claim 1 wherein the slab further comprises a topside wherein the top of the vertical wall extends out of the soil surface and the top of the vertical wall is level with the topside of the slab.
3. The structural foundation of claim 1 wherein the slab further comprises an underside wherein the top of the vertical wall contacts the underside of the slab.
4. The structural foundation of claim 1 wherein the vertical wall is comprised of concrete.
5. The structural foundation of claim 1 wherein the vertical wall further comprises steel reinforcements.
6. The structural foundation of claim 1 wherein the vertical wall further comprises fibers.
7. The structural foundation of claim 1 wherein the vertical wall further comprises waterproofing additives such that the vertical wall is impervious to water.
8. The structural foundation of claim 1 wherein the vertical wall further comprises a liner on its outside edge.
9. The structural foundation of claim 1 wherein the vertical wall and the slab are one monolithic piece.
10. A foundation for use in expansive or other soil comprising:
a. a vertical wall, wherein said vertical wall further comprises:
i. a top;
ii. a bottom; and
iii. an outside edge;
b. a foundation wherein the foundation further comprises:
i. a slab on a soil surface, wherein the slab further comprises:
1. a topside;
2. an underside; and
3. an outer edge;
ii. a footing below the soil surface, wherein the footing further comprises:
1. a topside;
2. an underside; and
3. an outer edge;
c. wherein the underside of the slab contacts the topside of the footing creating the foundation that supports a structure built on the topside of the slab;
d. wherein the top of the vertical wall contacts the underside of the footing;
e. wherein the outside edge of the vertical wall, the outer edge of the slab, and the outer edge of the footing fall within a vertical plane; and
f. wherein the bottom of the vertical wall extends a distance below the soil surface and prevents moisture from migrating beyond the vertical wall under the foundation.
11. The foundation of claim 10 wherein the vertical wall is poured integral to the footing.
12. The foundation of claim 10 wherein the foundation further comprises a stem.
13. The foundation of claim 10 wherein the vertical wall is comprised of concrete.
14. The foundation of claim 10 wherein the vertical wall is comprised of grout mix.
15. The foundation of claim 10 wherein the vertical wall further comprises waterproofing additives such that the vertical wall is impervious to water.
16. The foundation of claim 10 wherein the vertical wall further comprises a liner on its outside edge.
17. The foundation of claim 10 wherein the vertical wall and foundation are one monolithic piece.
18. The foundation of claim 10 wherein the footing and slab are one monolithic piece.
19. A method of creating a foundation for use in expansive or other soil comprising the steps of:
a. excavating an area where a foundation will be poured wherein the foundation further comprises;
i. a slab on a soil surface wherein the slab further comprises an outer edge; and
ii. a footing below the soil surface wherein the footing further comprises an outer edge;
b. digging an excavation in line with the outer edge of the footing a distance below the footing where a vertical wall will be poured wherein the vertical wall further comprises a top and a bottom and an outside edge wherein the outside edge faces away from the slab;
c. cleaning the excavation for the vertical wall;
d. pouring the vertical wall wherein the outside edge of the vertical wall is positioned underneath the slab such that the outside edge of the vertical wall, the outer edge of the slab, and the outer edge of the footing fall within a vertical plane and the top of the vertical wall contacts the footing and the bottom of the vertical wall extends a distance below the soil surface and prevents moisture from migrating beyond the vertical wall under the foundation.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the vertical wall is concrete.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein the vertical wall is a grout mix.
22. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of adding a waterproofing additive to the vertical wall such that it is impervious to water.
23. The method of claim 19 wherein the vertical wall further comprises a liner on its outside edge.
24. A method of creating a structural foundation for use in expansive or other soil comprising the steps of:
a. digging an excavation below a soil surface to create a vertical wall wherein the vertical wall further comprises a top and a bottom and an outside edge;
b. cleaning the excavation for the vertical wall;
c. filling the cleaned excavation with a material to create the vertical wall wherein the outside edge of the vertical wall, the outer edge of the slab and the outer edge of the footing fall within a vertical plane and the top of the vertical wall contacts the footing and the bottom of the vertical wall extends a distance below the soil surface and prevents moisture from migrating beyond the vertical wall under the foundation and supports a structure.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein the material used to create the vertical wall is concrete.
26. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of adding a waterproofing additive to the vertical wall such that it is impervious to water.
27. The method of claim 24 wherein the vertical wall further comprises a liner on its outside edge.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
We claim:
1. A method of making a non-linear optical polymer layer, comprising:
(a) providing a liquid polymer precursor mixture containing a plurality of non-linear optical molecules;
(b) flash evaporating the liquid polymer precursor mixture forming an evaporate; and
(c) continuously cryocondensing the evaporate on a cool substrate forming a cryocondensed polymer precursor layer and cross linking the cryocondensed polymer precursor layer thereby forming the non-linear optical polymer layer.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein flash evaporating comprises:
(a) supplying a continuous liquid flow of the liquid polymer precursor mixture into a vacuum environment at a temperature below both the decomposition temperature and the polymerization temperature of the liquid polymer precursor mixture;
(b) continuously atomizing the liquid polymer precursor mixture into a continuous flow of droplets;
(c) continuously vaporizing the droplets by continuously contacting the droplets on a heated surface having a temperature at or above a boiling point of the liquid polymer precursor mixture, but below a pyrolysis temperature, forming the evaporate.
3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the droplets are selected from non-linear optical molecules alone, non-linear optical molecules surrounded by base polymer precursor, or base polymer precursor alone.
4. A method as recited in claim 2, wherein the droplets range in size from about 1 micrometer to about 50 micrometers.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the cross linking is selected from ultraviolet cross linking, electron beam cross linking, x-ray cross-linking, glow discharge ionization cross linking, and spontaneous thermally induced cross linking.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein flash evaporating comprises:
supplying a continuous liquid flow of the liquid polymer precursor mixture into a vacuum environment at a temperature below both the decomposition temperature and the polymerization temperature of the liquid polymer precursor mixture; and
continuously directly vaporizing the liquid flow of the liquid polymer precursor mixture by continuously contacting the liquid polymer precursor mixture on a heated surface having a temperature at or above a boiling point of the liquid polymer precursor mixture, but below a pyrolysis temperature, forming the evaporate.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising passing the evaporate past a glow discharge electrode prior to cryocondensing, wherein the cross linking is by glow discharge ionization.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the liquid polymer precursor mixture is a mixture of a base polymer precursor and the plurality of non-linear optical molecules.
9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the base polymer precursor is selected from (meth)acrylate polymer precursors, styrene polymer precursors, methyl styrene polymer precursors, epoxy polyamine polymer precursors, phenolic polymer precursors, allyl polymer precursors, alkyne polymer precursors, and phenyl acetylene polymer precursors, and combinations thereof.
10. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the base polymer precursor is a (meth)acrylate polymer precursor selected from polyethylene glycol diacrylate 200, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 400, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 600, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol monoacrylate, and caprolactone acrylate, and combinations thereof.
11. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-linear optical molecules are selected from dimethylamino nitrostilbene, methyl nitroanaline, and urea, and combinations thereof.
12. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate is electrically biased thereby poling the cryocondensed polymer precursor layer prior to cross linking.
13. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate is electrically grounded.
14. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the substrate is electrically floating.
15. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-linear optical molecules are sufficiently small that the settling rate of the non-linear optical molecules within the liquid polymer precursor mixture is several times greater than the amount of time to transport a portion of the liquid polymer precursor mixture from a reservoir to an atomization nozzle.
16. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising agitating the liquid polymer precursor mixture.
17. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-linear optical molecules have a volume less than about 5000 cubic micrometers.
18. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the non-linear optical molecules have a volume less than about 4 cubic micrometers.