What is claimed is:
1. A process for preparing blends of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene and rubbery elastomers comprising the steps of:
(1) providing a mixture of high cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber cement and 1,3-butadiene monomer; and
(2) combining (a) an iron-containing compound, (b) a hydrogen phosphite, and (c) an organoaluminum compound to form a catalyst composition outside the presence of the mixture of rubber cement and monomer; and
(3) adding the catalyst composition to the mixture and thereby polymerizing the 1,3-butadiene monomer into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene within the rubber cement.
2. The process of claim 1, where said step of providing the mixture of high cis-1,4-polybutadiene, rubber cement, and 1,3-butadiene monomer comprises the step of preparing a rubber cement by polymerizing 1,3-butadiene monomer in an organic solvent to high cis-1,4-polybutadiene, and then the step of adding additional 1,3-butadiene monomer to the rubber cement.
3. The process of claim 2, where said step of preparing a rubber cement by polymerizing 1,3-butadiene monomer occurs in the presence of a lanthanide-based catalyst system.
4. The process of claim 1, where said step of providing the mixture of a rubber cement and 1,3-butadiene monomer comprises the step of dissolving preformed high cis-1,4-polybutadiene in an organic solvent, and then the step of adding 1,3-butadiene monomer.
5. The process of claim 2, where the organic solvent is n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, isopentane, isohexanes, isoheptanes, isooctanes, 2,2-dimethylbutane, petroleum ether, kerosene, petroleum spirits, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, mesitylene, or a mixture thereof.
6. The process of claim 4, where the organic solvent is n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, isopentane, isohexanes, isoheptanes, isooctanes, 2,2-dimethylbutane, petroleum ether, kerosene, petroleum spirits, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, mesitylene, or a mixture thereof.
7. The process of claim 1, where said step of combining combining (a) an iron-containing compound, (b) a hydrogen phosphite, and (c) an organoaluminum compound occurs in the presence of 1,3-butadiene monomer.
8. The process of claim 1, where said step of adding the catalyst composition includes adding from about 0.01 to about 2 mmol of the iron-containing compound per 100 g of 1,3-butadiene.
9. The process of claim 1, where said step of combining (a) an iron-containing compound, (b) a hydrogen phosphite, and (c) an organoaluminum compound includes first pre-combining the iron-containing compound and the hydrogen phosphite compound to form an iron-ligand complex, and then combining the organoaluminum compound.
10. The process of claim 1, where the iron-containing compound is an iron carboxylate, iron carbamate, iron dithiocarbamate, iron xanthate, iron -diketonate, iron alkoxide, iron aryloxide, organoiron compound, or a mixture thereof.
11. The process of claim 1, where the hydrogen phosphite is an acyclic hydrogen phosphite defined by the following keto-enol tautomeric structures:
5
or a cyclic hydrogen phosphite defined by the following keto-enol tautomeric structures:
6
or a mixture thereof, where R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, are mono-valent organic groups, and where R3 is a divalent organic group.
12. The process of claim 11, where R1 and R2 are alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, aryl, allyl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or alkynyl groups, with each group containing up to about 20 carbon atoms, and where R3 is an alkylene, cycloalkylene, substituted alkylene, substituted cycloalkylene, alkenylene, cycloalkenylene, substituted alkenylene, substituted cycloalkenylene, arylene, or substituted arylene group, with each group containing up to about 20 carbon atoms.
13. The process of claim 1, where the organoaluminum compound is defined by the formula AlRnX3-n, where each R, which may be the same or different, is a mono-valent organic group, where each X, which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a carboxylate group, an alkoxide group, or an aryloxide group, and where n is an integer including 1, 2 or 3.
14. The process of claim 13, where each R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, aryl, allyl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or alkynyl group, with each group containing up to about 20 carbon atoms, and where each X is a carboxylate group, an alkoxide group, or an aryloxide group, with each group containing up to about 20 carbon atoms.
15. The process of claim 1, where the organoaluminum compound is trihydrocarbylaluminum, dihydrocarbylaluminum hydride, hydrocarbylaluminum dihydride, dihydrocarbylaluminum carboxylate, hydrocarbylaluminum bis(carboxylate), dihydrocarbylaluminum alkoxide, hydrocarbylaluminum dialkoxide, dihydrocarbylaluminum aryloxide, hydrocarbylaluminum diaryloxide, or a mixture thereof.
16. The process of claim 1, where the organoaluminum compound is an aluminoxane defined by one of the following formulas:
7
where x is an integer of 1 to about 100, y is an integer of 2 to about 100, and each R4, which may be the same or different, is a mono-valent organic group.
17. The process of claim 16, where each R4 is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, substituted cycloalkenyl, aryl, allyl, substituted aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or alkynyl group, with each group containing up to about 20 carbon atoms.
18. The process of claim 1, where the molar ratio of the hydrogen phosphite to the iron-containing compound is from about 0.5:1 to about 50:1, and the molar ratio of the organoaluminum compound to the iron-containing compound is from about 1:1 to about 100:1.
19. A process for producing blends of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene and rubbery elastomers comprising the steps of:
(1) providing a mixture of a rubber cement and 1,3-butadiene monomer; and
(2) polymerizing the 1,3-butadiene monomer into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene within the rubber cement by using a catalyst composition that is formed by combining:
(a) an iron-containing compound;
(b) a hydrogen phosphite; and
(c) an organoaluminum compound, where the catalyst composition is pre-mixed outside the polymerization system.
20. The process of claim 19, where the catalyst composition is pre-mixed in the presence of 1,3-butadiene monomer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-25. (canceled)
26. An electronic wallet for a vehicle, comprising:
a processor component; and
a vehicle electronic wallet component, the vehicle electronic wallet component comprising:
a contactless communication interface component to receive a request for payment for a transaction over a contactless communication link when in proximity to a payment processing entity;
an electronic wallet authentication component communicatively coupled to the contactless communication interface, the electronic wallet authentication component for execution by the processor component to receive authentication information to approve the request for payment; and
an electronic wallet payment component communicatively coupled to the electronic wallet authentication component and the contactless communication interface, the electronic wallet payment component for execution by the processor component to send payment information corresponding to the payment account over the contactless communication link to the payment processing entity to enable payment for the transaction.
27. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 26, the vehicle electronic wallet component comprising an electronic wallet cloud activation component for execution by the processor component to activate a payment account for the vehicle electronic wallet component and to associate the payment account with vehicle information.
28. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 26, the authentication information comprising a personal identification number or a voice passphrase, and the electronic wallet payment component to send payment information based on a comparison of the authentication information and a stored authentication information.
29. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 26, the vehicle electronic wallet component comprising an electronic wallet mobile interface component communicatively coupled to the electronic wallet authentication component and the electronic wallet payment component, the electronic wallet authentication component to receive authentication information to approve the request for payment from a mobile device over a mobile communication link, and the electronic wallet payment component to send the request for payment to the mobile device over the mobile communication link.
30. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 26, comprising:
an inputoutput (IO) component communicatively coupled to the electronic wallet authentication component, the IO component to receive the authentication information, the IO component including one or more of a biometric sensor, a microphone, and a touch interface; and
a display component communicatively coupled to the electronic wallet payment component, the display component to display a receipt for the transaction.
31. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 27, the electronic wallet cloud activation component to send user details and a vehicle identification number to activate the payment account and associate the payment account with vehicle information.
32. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 27, the electronic wallet cloud activation component to activate a plurality of payment accounts for the vehicle electronic wallet component, the electronic wallet payment component to send payment information of one of the plurality of payment accounts to enable payment for the transaction.
33. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 27, comprising a location determination device communicatively coupled to the electronic wallet authentication component, the electronic wallet authentication component to receive information from the location determination device indicating the vehicle is in motion, and the electronic wallet authentication component to indicate to a user that the payment processing entity is approaching and receive authentication information to approve the request for payment.
34. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 26, the vehicle electronic wallet component comprising an electronic wallet management component communicatively coupled to the electronic wallet payment component, the electronic wallet management component to receive the payment information and payment settings corresponding to the payment account and to store the payment information and payment settings in a secure location, the secure location comprising a local storage location or a remote storage location.
35. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 34, the payment settings comprising a maximum transaction amount, a transaction location policy, and a stored authentication information.
36. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 34, the payment information comprising, a user name, a credit card number, an expiration date, and a credit card security code.
37. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 34, the electronic wallet management component to store payment information and payment settings corresponding to each one of a plurality of payment accounts in the secure location, the secure location comprising a local storage location or a remote storage location.
38. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 34, the electronic wallet management component to add, delete or modify the payment account, the payment account information or the payment account settings based on information received over a mobile communication link or via an IO component.
39. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 26, the electronic wallet payment component to send loyalty account information corresponding to the payment processing entity to the payment processing entity via the contactless communication component for the transaction.
40. The electronic wallet for a vehicle of claim 26, at least a portion of the vehicle electronic wallet component integrated with a vehicle part.
41. An article comprising a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that when executed enable a computing device to:
receive a request for payment for a transaction over a contactless communication link when in proximity to a payment processing entity;
receive authentication information to approve the request for payment; and
send payment information corresponding to the payment account over the contactless communication link to the payment processing entity to enable payment for the transaction.
42. The article of claim 41, comprising instructions that when executed enable the computing device to activate a payment account for the vehicle electronic wallet component and to associate the payment account with vehicle information.
43. The article of claim 41, the authentication information comprising a personal identification number or a voice passphrase, and the computing device to send payment information based on a comparison of the authentication information and stored authentication information.
44. The article of claim 41 comprising instructions that when executed enable the computing device to send user details and a vehicle identification number to activate the payment account and associate the payment account with vehicle information.
45. The article of claim 41, comprising instructions that when executed enable the computing device to activate a plurality of payment accounts for the vehicle electronic wallet component, the electronic wallet payment component to send payment information of one of the plurality of payment accounts to enable payment for the transaction.
46. The article of claim 41, comprising instructions that when executed enable the computing device to:
receive the payment information and payment settings corresponding to the payment account; and
store the payment information and payment settings in a secure location, the secure location comprising a local storage location or a remote storage location.
47. The article of claim 41, comprising instructions that when executed enable the computing device to send loyalty account information corresponding to the payment processing entity to the payment processing entity for the transaction.
48. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving a request for payment for a transaction over a contactless communication link when in proximity to a payment processing entity;
receiving authentication information to approve the request for payment; and
sending payment information corresponding to the payment account over the contactless communication link to the payment processing entity to enable payment for the transaction.
49. The computer-implemented method of claim 48, comprising:
sending the request for payment to a mobile device over a mobile communication link; and
receiving the authentication information from the mobile device over the mobile communication link.
50. The computer-implemented method of claim 48, comprising:
sending user details and a vehicle identification number to activate the payment account and associate the payment account with vehicle information.