1. A printer comprising:
(a) a table providing a substantially planar support surface for supporting a substrate;
(b) a substrate feed system including at least one roller, said substrate feed system being configured to feed a longitudinally extending web of material in a longitudinal direction across said support surface;
(c) an ink jet print head deployed in facing relation to said support surface and configured for depositing a printing medium on a substrate as part of a printing process, said print head being configured for printing and having associated with said print head and said table a transverse drive configured to move the print head in a transverse direction relative to the substrate; and
(d) a longitudinal drive associated with said print head and said table, and configured to generate relative displacement between said print head and said support surface in said longitudinal direction,
wherein said substrate feed system, said transverse drive and said longitudinal drive system are configured, while printing on the substrate with said print head, to move said print head transversely relative to the substrate and the table, and to (1) move said print head longitudinally relative to the substrate and the table with said substrate held stationary relative to said table, and (2) alternatively move the substrate longitudinally relative to the table and the print head.
2. The printer of claim 1, wherein said printing medium is an ink and wherein said print head is configured for simultaneously depositing a plurality of drops of ink onto the substrate.
3. A printer for printing on substrates, the printer comprising:
(a) a table providing a substantially planar support surface for supporting a substrate;
(b) a feed system including at least one roller, said feed system being configured to feed a substrate web from a roll in a direction across said support surface;
(c) a print head deployed in facing relation to said support surface and configured for depositing a printing medium on a substrate as part of a printing process, said print head being configured for printing while moving in a transverse motion relative to the substrate; and
(d) a motion system associated with said print head and said table, and configured to generate relative displacement between said print head and said support surface in a direction parallel to said feed direction,
wherein said feed system, said print head and said motion system are configured to print on a substrate web with said print head fixed longitudinally relative to said table by moving said substrate longitudinally relative to said print head and said table by said feed system and to print on a discrete substrate panel held stationary relative to said table by moving move said print head longitudinally relative to said substrate and said table by said motion system.
4. The printer of claim 3, wherein said printing medium is an ink and wherein said print head is an inkjet head configured for simultaneously depositing a plurality of drops of ink onto the substrate.
5. The printer of claim 3, wherein said motion system includes a bridge extending transversely across the table and a transverse drive configured to displace said print head relative to said bridge and said support surface in a transverse direction perpendicular to said longitudinal direction, said motion system including a longitudinal drive being operative to displace said bridge and said print head in said longitudinal direction during printing, said feed system also being operative to displace said substrate longitudinally relative to said table, said bridge, and said print head during printing.
6. A printer comprising:
a frame providing support of a substrate substantially in a plane;
a web feed system including at least one roller and configured to feed a substrate web in a forward longitudinal feed direction relative to said frame;
a bridge extending transversely across the frame having a print head carriage transversely moveable thereon in a transverse direction perpendicular to the feed direction, and a transverse drive so associated with the bridge as to impart transverse movement to the carriage thereon;
the frame having a longitudinal drive so associated with the frame as to impart relative displacement between the bridge and the frame in at least a direction parallel to the feed direction,
an ink jet print head deployed on the carriage in facing relation to the support and configured to print an image on a substrate by depositing a plurality of dots of ink on the substrate as part of a digital dot printing process; and
a controller operatively linked to the print head, the web feed system, the transverse drive and the longitudinal drive and configured so the print head is able to print images on a substrate supported on the frame, with the print head moving with the carriage transversely on the bridge, with the substrate advancing longitudinally relative to the bridge:
by advancing the web in the forward longitudinal direction relative to the frame and the bridge, and alternatively,
by advancing the bridge in a longitudinal direction relative to the frame and the substrate.
7. The printer of claim 6 wherein:
the web feed system, the transverse drive and the longitudinal drive are configured to alternatively print:
a substrate web, and
a discrete substrate panel.
8. The printer of claim 6 wherein:
the controller is configured so the print head is able to print images on a substrate supported on the frame:
by advancing the web in the forward longitudinal direction relative to the frame with the bridge stationary relative to the frame, and alternatively,
by advancing the bridge in a longitudinal direction relative to the frame and the substrate, with the substrate stationary relative to the frame.
9. The printer of claim 6 wherein:
the transverse drive is operative to displace the print head in a direction perpendicular to the feed direction during printing on a substrate web and during printing on a discrete substrate panel.
10. The printer of claim 6, wherein:
said support includes a securement system for holding a discrete panel in a given position on said support.
11. A printer comprising:
a frame providing support of a substrate substantially in a plane;
a web feed system including at least one roller and configured to feed a substrate web in a forward longitudinal feed direction relative to said frame;
an ink jet print head deployed in facing relation to a substrate supported on the frame and configured to print an image on a substrate by depositing a plurality of dots of ink on the substrate, as part of a digital dot printing process, in transverse rows extending across the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal feed direction;
a longitudinal drive associated with the frame as to impart relative longitudinal displacement between the print head and the frame and the substrate in a longitudinal direction parallel to the feed direction; and
a controller operatively linked to the print head, the web feed system and the longitudinal drive and configured to operate the printer to print transverse rows of an image on a substrate with the substrate advancing longitudinally relative to the print head and frame, and alternatively with the print head moving longitudinally relative to the substrate and the frame.
12. The printer of claim 11 wherein:
the web feed system, the transverse drive and the longitudinal drive are configured to alternatively print:
a substrate web, and
a discrete substrate panel.
13. The printer of claim 12 wherein:
the controller is configured to operate the printer to print transverse rows of an image on a substrate web with the substrate web advancing longitudinally relative to the print head and frame, and alternatively to print transverse rows of an image on discrete substrate panels with the print head moving longitudinally relative to the substrate and the frame.
14. The printer of claim 11 further comprising:
a transverse drive operative to displace the print head in a direction perpendicular to the feed direction during printing.
15. The printer of claim 11, wherein:
said support includes a securement system for holding a discrete panel in a given position on said support.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A computer-implemented method for determining a dynamic heterogeneity of a subsurface reservoir, the method comprising:
(a) providing an earth model representing a subsurface reservoir;
(b) performing a streamline analysis to identify a plurality of streamlines indicative of flow geometry within the earth model;
(c) determining a flow and storage capacity for the earth model responsive to the streamline analysis;
(d) calculating a dynamic heterogeneity for the earth model responsive to the flow and storage capacity for the earth model; and
(e) displaying the dynamic heterogeneity for the earth model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
steps (a)-(d) are repeated for a plurality of earth models representing the subsurface reservoir; and
the dynamic heterogeneity for the plurality of earth models are displayed in step (e).
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
(f) ranking the plurality of earth models responsive to a production performance metric.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the production performance metric is selected from the group consisting of a discounted oil rate, an ultimate hydrocarbon recovery, and a net present value.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the flow and storage capacity for the earth model in step (c) includes assembling a curve comparing flow capacity against storage capacity.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the curve comparing flow capacity against storage capacity is assembled by ordering the plurality of streamlines indicative of flow geometry within the earth model according to increasing residence time.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow and storage capacity for the earth model in step (c) is determined using the following equations:
F
i
=
\u2211
j
=
1
i
\ue89e
q
j
\u2211
j
=
1
N
\ue89e
q
i
\ue89e
\ue89e
and
\ue89e
\ue89e
\u03a6
i
=
\u2211
j
=
1
i
\ue89e
Vp
j
\u2211
j
=
1
N
\ue89e
Vp
j
where F represents flow capacity, q represents volumetric flow rate, \u03a6 represents storage capacity, and Vp represents pore volume.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the flow capacity of the earth model is determined by calculating a volumetric flow for each of the plurality of streamlines indicative of flow geometry within the earth model.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the storage capacity of the earth model is determined by calculating a pore volume for each of the plurality of streamlines indicative of flow geometry within the earth model.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the pore volume for each of the plurality of streamlines is determined by calculating a time of flight and a volumetric flow rate of the streamline.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating the dynamic heterogeneity for the earth model in step (d) is performed by calculating one of the following selected from the group consisting of a Lorenz Coefficient, a Flow Heterogeneity Index, a sweep efficiency at about one pore volume injected, and a fraction of streamlines broken through at about 0.5 pore volumes injected.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic heterogeneity for the earth model is determined responsive to a tracer test.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic heterogeneity for the earth model is used to determine how altering static properties of the earth model influence a predicted production performance of the subterranean reservoir.
14. A computer-implemented method for determining a dynamic heterogeneity of a subsurface reservoir, the method comprising:
(a) providing a plurality of reservoir models representing a subsurface reservoir;
(b) identifying a plurality of streamlines indicative of flow geometry within the subsurface reservoir for each of the plurality of reservoir models;
(c) constructing a flow and storage capacity curve for each of the plurality of reservoir models by ordering the plurality of streamlines for each of the plurality of reservoir models according to increasing residence time;
(d) calculating a dynamic heterogeneity for each of the plurality of reservoir models responsive to the flow and storage capacity curve for each of the plurality of reservoir models; and
(e) displaying the dynamic heterogeneity for the plurality of reservoir models to rank the plurality of reservoir models responsive to a production performance metric.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the calculating the dynamic heterogeneity for each of the plurality of reservoir models in step (d) is performed by calculating one of the following selected from the group consisting of a Lorenz Coefficient, a Flow Heterogeneity Index, a sweep efficiency at about one pore volume injected, and a fraction of streamlines broken through at about 0.5 pore volumes injected.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the production performance metric is selected from the group consisting of a discounted oil rate, an ultimate hydrocarbon recovery, and a net present value.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of streamlines indicative of flow geometry within the subsurface reservoir in step (b) is identified responsive to a tracer test.
18. A computer-implemented method for determining a dynamic heterogeneity of a subsurface reservoir, the method comprising:
(a) providing an earth model representing a subsurface reservoir;
(b) identifying a plurality of streamlines indicative of flow geometry within the earth model;
(c) determining a flow and storage capacity for the earth model responsive to the streamlines indicative of flow geometry within the earth model;
(d) calculating a Lorenz Coefficient for the earth model responsive to the flow and storage capacity of the earth model; and
(e) displaying the Lorenz Coefficient for the earth model.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the displaying the Lorenz Coefficient for the earth model in step (d) comprises plotting the Lorenz Coefficient for the earth model versus a production performance metric.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein:
the production performance metric is selected from the group consisting of a discounted oil rate, an ultimate hydrocarbon recovery, and a net present value.