1. Process for preparing a suspension of a particulate, preferably siliceous, filler in a material formed by a silicone oil comprising:
polyorganosiloxanes (POS fluids) of type (I) which carry Si-alkenylpreferably Si-vinylfunctional groups capable of reacting with the Si-H crosslinking functional groups of a POS fluid of type II,
optionally, POS fluids of type (II) which carry Si-H crosslinking functional groups capable of reacting with the Si-alkenyl functional groups of the POS fluids (I),
andor, optionally, POS fluids of type (III) which differ from the POS fluids (I) and (II),
the said suspension being able to be used, in particular, for producing silicone compositions that can be cured by polyaddition, this process being of the kind of those in which the particulate filler is treated with the aid of a compatibilizing agent or compatibilizer (CA),
characterized in that it essentially consists in introducing some compatibilizer (CA) into the preparation mixture:
on the one hand, before andor substantially simultaneously with the contacting of at least part of the silicone oil employed with at least part of the particulate filler used, this CA introduction taking place in one or more steps for a CA fraction corresponding to a proportion of at most 8%, preferably at most 5% and even more preferably at most 3% by dry weight with respect to the total particulate filler;
and, on the other hand, after this POSfiller contacting.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that at essentially consists:
in mixing:
100 parts by weight of silicone oil
0 to 5 parts by weight of water
20 to 80 parts by weight of particulate filler consisting of silica
1 to 20 parts by weight of compatibilizer (CA) selected from silazanes taken by themselves alone or as a mixture thereof, preferably from disilazanes, hexamethyldisilazane which may or may not be combined with divinyltetramethyldisilazane being particularly preferred;
in leaving the above to react, preferably with stirring,
in heating the mixture obtained, choosing a pressuretemperature pair so that at least some of the water and of the volatile elements undergoes devolatilization;
if necessary, in cooling the mixture.
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
all or some of the silicone oil, the water and all or some of the particulate siliceous filler are mixed with a first CA fraction of between 1 and 3% by dry weight with respect to the silica,
a second CA fraction, representing between 10 and 15% by dry weight of silica, is incorporated into the mixture,
optionally, the rest of the silicone oil and the rest of the silica are added,
the mixture is allowed to react, preferably by continuing the mixing,
the mixture is devolatilized,
optionally, the devolatilized mixture is allowed to cool
and, optionally, the suspension is completed with the rest of the silicone oil.
4. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that:
1. a mixture comprising the silicone oil, the water and the first CApreferably HMDZfraction is homogenized,
2. the particulate filler, preferably silica, is gradually added to the mixture obtained at 1,
3. the mixing is continued,
4. the second CApreferably HMDZfraction is gradually incorporated into the mixture obtained at 3,
5. the mixing is continued,
6. the mixture is devolatilized, preferably by heating to a temperature 100 C.
5. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that:
1. the silicone oil and the water are homogenized,
2. the particulate fillerpreferably silicaand, at the same time, the first CApreferably HMDZfraction are gradually incorporated into the mixture obtained at 1,
3. the mixing is continued,
4. the second CApreferably HMDZfraction is gradually incorporated into the mixture obtained at 3,
5. the mixing is continued,
6. the mixture is devolatilized, preferably by heating to a temperature 100 C.
6. Process according to claim 3, characterized in that:
1. the silicone oil is introduced,
2. the particulate fillerpreferably silicatogether with the first CApreferably HMDZfraction and the water are gradually and simultaneously incorporated into the oil,
3. the mixing is continued,
4. the second CApreferably HMDZfraction is gradually incorporated into the mixture obtained at 3,
5. the mixing is continued,
6. the mixture is devolatilized, preferably by heating to a temperature 100 C.
7. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized
in that the first CA fraction is replaced, completely or partly, with at least one processing aid chosen from molecules and combinations of molecules:
capable of interacting with the particulate filler, particularly with silicon if a siliceous filler is used, to the detriment of the hydrogen bonds that this particulate filler establishes especially between its own atoms andor with those of the silicone oil,
and capable of being removed from the preparation mixture by devolatilization,
and in that actions are taken to ensure that this processing aid is in the presence of water in the preparation mixture.
8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the processing aid is chosen from the group comprising:
silazanes, HMDZ being preferred;
difunctional, or preferably monofunctional, hydroxylated siloxanes;
amines, preferably ammonia andor alkylamines, diethylamine being particularly preferred;
organic acids, formic andor acetic acids being preferred;
and mixtures thereof.
9. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an alkenylatedpreferably vinylatedsilicone oil comprising at least two Si-alkenyl groups per molecule, each preferably located at one end of the chain, and having a dynamic viscosity at 25 C. not exceeding 250 Pa.s, preferably not exceeding 100 Pa.s and more preferably still not exceeding 10 Pa.s, is employed,
and in that a silica having a BET specific surface area of between 50 and 400 m2g and mixing conditions such that the dynamic viscosity at 25 C. of the suspension does not exceed 300 Pa.s, preferably does not exceed 250 Pa.s, and more preferably still does not exceed 200 Pa.s, are chosen.
10. Process for obtaining a silicone composition that can be cured by polyaddition, characterized in that it consists in mixing the following products:
Aa suspension as prepared according to the process as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9,
Bone or more POS fluids (I), as defined in claim 1,
Cone or more POS fluids (II), as defined in claim 1,
Doptionally, one or more POS fluids (III), as defined in claim 1, useful as diluent(s),
Ea catalytic system comprising a catalyst, preferably of the platinum kind, and, optionally, an inhibitor.
11. Process according to claim 10, characterized
in that the composition is produced in the form of a two-component system comprising parts C1 and C2 which are intended to be brought into contact with each other in order to produce an elastomer crosslinked by polyaddition between the POS fluids (I) and (II)
and in that care is taken to ensure that only one of the parts, C1 or C2, contains some catalyst D and, optionally, one or other of the POS fluids (I) and (II).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an input unit that acquires a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
a conversion unit that converts the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
an extraction unit that extracts an image attribute from the CMY signal; and
a processing unit that applies, based on the image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit calculates an edge amount of the color image as the image attribute.
3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the extraction unit generates an image area separating signal that is used to separate an image into a plurality of areas as the image attribute.
4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conversion unit changes a conversion coefficient for converting the RGB signal into the CMY signal based on a type of the color image.
5. The image processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the type of the color image is any one of a print image, a photographic printing paper image, and a photocopy image.
6. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an input unit that acquires a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
a first conversion unit that converts the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
an extraction unit that extracts an image attribute from the CMY signal;
a second conversion unit that generates a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal; and
a processing unit that applies, based on the image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal generated by the second conversion unit.
7. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the extraction unit calculates an edge amount of the color image as the image attribute.
8. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the extraction unit generates an image area separating signal that is used to separate an image into a plurality of areas as the image attribute.
9. The image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first conversion unit changes a conversion coefficient for converting the RGB signal into the CMY based on a type of the color image.
10. The image processing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the type of the color image is any one of a print image, a photographic printing paper image, and a photocopy image.
11. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an input unit that acquires a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
a first extraction unit that extracts a first image attribute from the RGB signal;
a conversion unit that converts the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
a second extraction unit that extracts a second image attribute from the CMY signal; and
a processing unit that applies, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
12. The image processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein
the first extraction unit generates an image area separating signal that is used to separate an image into a plurality of areas as the first image attribute, and
the second extraction unit calculates an edge amount of the color image as the second image attribute.
13. The image processing apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the second extraction unit calculates the edge amount from a C signal and an M signal of the CMY signal as the second image attribute.
14. The image processing apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the conversion unit changes a conversion coefficient for converting the RGB signal into the CMY signal based on a type of the color image.
15. The image processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the type of the color image is any one of a print image, a photographic printing paper image, and a photocopy image.
16. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an input unit that acquires a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
a first extraction unit that extracts a first image attribute from the RGB signal;
a first conversion unit that converts the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
a second extraction unit that extracts a second image attribute from the CMY signal;
a second conversion unit that generates a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal; and
a processing unit that applies, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal generated by the second conversion unit.
17. The image processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein
the first extraction unit generates an image area separating signal that is used to separate an image into a plurality of areas as the first image attribute, and
the second extraction unit calculates an edge amount of the color image as the second image attribute.
18. The image processing apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the second extraction unit calculates the edge amount from a C signal and an M signal of the CMY signal as the second image attribute.
19. The image processing apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the first conversion unit changes a conversion coefficient for converting the RGB signal into the CMY based on a type of the color image.
20. The image processing apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the type of the color image is any one of a print image, a photographic printing paper image, and a photocopy image.
21. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an input unit that acquires a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
a first conversion unit that converts the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
a first extraction unit that extracts a first image attribute from the CMY signal;
a second conversion unit that generates a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal;
a second extraction unit that extracts a second image attribute from the signal generated by the second conversion unit; and
a processing unit that applies, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
22. The image processing apparatus according to claim 21, wherein
the first extraction unit calculates an edge amount of the color image as the first image attribute, and
the second extraction unit generates an image area separating signal that is used to separate an image into a plurality of areas as the second image attribute.
23. The image processing apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the first extraction unit calculates the edge amount from a C signal and an M signal of the CMY signal as the second image attribute.
24. The image processing apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the first conversion unit changes a conversion coefficient for converting the RGB signal into the CMY signal based on a type of the color image.
25. The image processing apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the type of the color image is any one of a print image, a photographic printing paper image, and a photocopy image.
26. An image processing apparatus comprising:
an input unit that acquires a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
a first conversion unit that converts the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
a first extraction unit that extracts a first image attribute from the CMY signal;
a second conversion unit that generates a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal;
a second extraction unit that extracts a second image attribute from the signal generated by the second conversion unit; and
a processing unit that applies, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal generated by the second conversion unit.
27. The image processing apparatus according to claim 26, wherein
the first extraction unit calculates an edge amount of the color image as the first image attribute, and
the second extraction unit generates an image area separating signal that is used to separate an image into a plurality of areas as the second image attribute.
28. The image processing apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the first extraction unit calculates the edge amount from a C signal and an M signal of the CMY signal as the second image attribute.
29. The image processing apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the first conversion unit changes a conversion coefficient for converting the RGB signal into the CMY signal based on a type of the color image.
30. The image processing apparatus according to claim 29, wherein the type of the color image is any one of a print image, a photographic printing paper image, and a photocopy image.
31. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting an image attribute from the CMY signal; and
applying, based on the image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
32. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting an image attribute from the CMY signal; and
generating a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal;
applying, based on the image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal.
33. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
extracting a first image attribute from the RGB signal;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting a second image attribute from the CMY signal; and
applying, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
34. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
extracting a first image attribute from the RGB signal;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting a second image attribute from the CMY signal;
generating a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal; and
applying, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal.
35. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting a first image attribute from the CMY signal;
generating a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal;
extracting a second image attribute from the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal; and
applying, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
36. An image processing method comprising:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting a first image attribute from the CMY signal;
generating a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal;
extracting a second image attribute from the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal; and
applying, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal.
37. A computer product that makes a computer execute:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting an image attribute from the CMY signal; and
applying, based on the image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
38. A computer product that makes a computer execute:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting an image attribute from the CMY signal; and
generating a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal;
applying, based on the image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal.
39. A computer product that makes a computer execute:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
extracting a first image attribute from the RGB signal;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting a second image attribute from the CMY signal; and
applying, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
40. A computer product that makes a computer execute:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
extracting a first image attribute from the RGB signal;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting a second image attribute from the CMY signal;
generating a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal; and
applying, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal.
41. A computer product that makes a computer execute:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting a first image attribute from the CMY signal;
generating a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal;
extracting a second image attribute from the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal; and
applying, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the RGB signal.
42. A computer product that makes a computer execute:
acquiring a RGB signal corresponding to a color image;
converting the RGB signal into a CMY signal;
extracting a first image attribute from the CMY signal;
generating a signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal from the RGB signal;
extracting a second image attribute from the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal; and
applying, based on the first image attribute and the second image attribute, an adaptive image processing to the signal including either of a luminancechrominance difference signal and a lightnesschromaticity signal.