1. A laminated body comprising:
a resin base material;
a first layer laminated over at least part of the resin base material; and
a second layer laminated on the other surface of the first layer opposite to the surface on which the resin base material is laminated,
wherein
the first layer is formed by curing a first composition that comprises: an inorganic polymer obtainable by hydrolytic condensation of inorganic polymer components including a silane compound; a water-soluble polyfunctional (meth)acrylate; and an active energy ray polymerization initiator,
the silane compound is represented by the following formula (1):
Si(R1)p(OR2)4-p\u2003\u2003(1)
wherein R1 represents a C1-30 organic group containing a polymerizable double bond; R2 represents a C1-6 alkyl group; p is 1 or 2; when p is 2, the R1s may be the same as or different from one another; and the R2s may be the same as or different from one another, and
the second layer is formed by curing a second composition that comprises a thermosetting organosiloxane.
2. The laminated body according to claim 1,
wherein
the water-soluble polyfunctional (meth)acrylate in the first composition is an oxyalkylene-modified glycerin (meth)acrylate represented by the formula (2)
wherein R5 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group; R6 represents a hydrogen or a methyl group; R7 represents a hydrogen or a methyl group; the sum of x, y and z is an integer of 6 to 30; and the R5s, the R6s and the R7s may be same as or different from one another; or
an alkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate represented by the formula (3):
wherein R8 represents a hydrogen or a methyl group; R9 represents an ethylene group or a propylene group; and p is an integer of 1 to 25.
3. The laminated body according to claim 1,
wherein
the thermosetting organosiloxane in the second composition is a hydrolysis condensation product of components including a silane compound represented by the formula (4):
Si(R11)m(OR12)4-m\u2003\u2003(4)
wherein R11 represents a phenyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, or a C1-30 hydrocarbon group containing an epoxy group; R12 represents a C1-6 alkyl group; in is an integer of 0 to 2; when m is 2, the R11s may be the same as or different from one another; and the R12s may be the same as or different from one another.
4. The laminated body according to claim 2,
wherein
the thermosetting organosiloxane in the second composition is a hydrolysis condensation product of components including a silane compound represented by the formula (4):
Si(R11)m(OR12)4-m\u2003\u2003(4)
wherein R11 represents a phenyl group, a C1-30 alkyl group, or a C1-30 hydrocarbon group containing an epoxy group; R12 represents a C1-6 alkyl group; m is an integer of 0 to 2; when m is 2, the R11s may be the same as or different from one another; and the R12s may be the same as or different from one another.
5. The laminated body according to claim 1,
wherein
the resin base material is a polycarbonate resin base material.
6. The laminated body according to claim 2,
wherein
the resin base material is a polycarbonate resin base material.
7. The laminated body according to claim 3,
wherein
the resin base material is a polycarbonate resin base material.
8. The laminated body according to claim 4,
wherein
the resin base material is a polycarbonate resin base material.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for controlling quantization scales when encoding video signals, comprising:
(a) obtaining a number of changes in the quantization scales of within a time period;
(b) generating a new quantization scale; and
(c) comparing the number of changes with a predetermined value to determine whether to replace a prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale; wherein when the number of changes exceeds the predetermined value, retain the prior quantization scale instead of replacing it with the new quantization scale.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined value is a specific number of changes in the quantization scales within the time period.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined value is a specific number of changes in the quantization scales during the quantization of a predetermined number of macro blocks in the video signals.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises performing steps (a) and (b) using a rate controller.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises performing steps (a) and (b) by executing a video encoding program.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises comparing the new quantization scale with the prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale exceeds a predetermined range, even if the number of changes in the quantization scales has exceeded the predetermined value, replace the prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises comparing the new quantization scale with the prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale does not exceed a predetermined range, comparing the number of changes in the quantization scales with the predetermined value to determine whether or not to replace the prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the time period is a predetermined duration or a specific period required for quantizing a predetermined number of macro blocks in the video signals.
9. A video quantizing device for quantizing video signals to generate a quantized matrix comprising:
a rate controller for providing quantization scales; and
a quantizer electrically connected to the rate controller for quantizing the video signals according to the quantization scales;
wherein the rate controller obtains a number of changes in the quantization scales and compares it with a predetermined value during encoding the video signals, and when the rate controller generates a new quantization scale, if the number of changes in the quantization scales exceeds the predetermined value, the rate controller does not replace a prior quantization scale used in the quantizer with the new quantization scale.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein the predetermined value is a specific number of changes in the quantization scales within a time period.
11. The device of claim 9 wherein the predetermined value is a specific number of changes in the quantization scales during the quantization of a predetermined number of macro blocks in the video signals.
12. The device of claim 9 wherein the rate controller compares the new quantization scale with the prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale exceeds a predetermined range, even if the number of changes in the quantization scales has exceeded the predetermined value, the rate controller still provides the new quantization scale to the quantizer to replace the prior quantization scale.
13. The device of claim 9 wherein the rate controller compares the new quantization scale with the prior quantization scale, and if the difference between the new quantization scale and the prior quantization scale does not exceed a predetermined range, the rate controller compares the number of changes in the quantization scales with the predetermined value to determine whether or not to replace the prior quantization scale with the new quantization scale.
14. A method for encoding digital video signals, the digital video signals including a plurality of macro blocks, the method comprising:
(a) encoding a current macro block using a first quantization scale;
(b) obtaining historical quantization scale variance; and
(c) determining whether to encode a next macro block using a second quantization scale instead of the first quantization scale according to the history quantization scale variance.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step (b) is performed by counting a number of quantization scale changes within a given time period or within a time period required for quantizing a predetermined number of macro blocks.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step (c) is performed by comparing the number of quantization scale changes within a given period of time with a predetermined value.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the step (c) further comprises determining whether to encode the next macro block using the second quantization scale instead of the first quantization scale according to the history quantization scale variance and a difference between the first quantization scale and the second quantization scale.
18. An apparatus for encoding digital video signals, the digital video signals including a plurality of macro blocks, the apparatus comprising:
a rate controller for providing a quantization scale; and
a quantizer coupled for receiving the quantization scale to perform quantization to respective one of the macro blocks;
wherein whether the quantization scale provided by the quantizer is replaced with a new value is determined by evaluating quantization scale variance of previously quantized macro blocks.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein when the quantization scale variance of the previously quantized macro blocks exceeds a first threshold, the quantization scale provided by the quantizer is not replaced by the new value.
20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein when the new value is significantly different from a prior value, the quantization scale provided by the quantizer is replaced with the new value even if the quantization scale variance of the previously quantized macro blocks exceeds the first threshold.
21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the evaluating quantization scale variance of previously quantized macro blocks is performed by counting a number of quantization scale changes within a given time period or within a time period required for quantizing a predetermined number of macro blocks.