1. A method for separating at least one target molecule from hydrocarbon containing material, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a liquid medium in a vessel wherein the liquid medium comprises the hydrocarbon containing material and target molecules;
(b) providing at least one cross-flow filtration cassette comprising:
an array of sheet members of generally rectangular and generally planar shape with main top and bottom surfaces, wherein the sheet members include in sequence in said array a first retentate sheet, a first filter sheet, a permeate sheet, a second filter sheet, and a second retentate sheet, wherein the liquid medium to be filtered flows across the filter sheets, solids or high-molecular-weight species of diameter larger than the filter sheet’s pore size, are retained in the retentate flow, and at least a portion of the liquid medium with any permeate species diffuse through the filter sheets and enter the permeate sheet and permeate flow; wherein each of the sheet members in said array has at least one inlet basin opening at one end thereof, and at least one outlet basin opening at an opposite end thereof, with permeate passage openings at longitudinal side margin portions of the sheet members, wherein each of the first and second retentate sheets having a multiplicity of channel openings therein, extending longitudinally between the inlet and outlet basin openings of the sheets in the array, and being bonded to an adjacent filter sheet about peripheral end and side portions thereof, with their basin openings and permeate passage openings in register with one another and the permeate passage openings of each of the retentate sheets being circumscribingly bonded to the adjacent filter sheet, and with a central portion of each of the retentate sheets and adjacent filter sheets being unbonded to permit permeate contacting the retentate sheet to flow through the filter sheet to the permeate sheet;
(c) effectuating a sufficient flow of the liquid medium comprising the target molecule from the vessel through at least one cross-flow filtration cassette; and
(d) sequentially capturing one or more filtration fractions generated by the cross-flow filtration modules, wherein the target molecule is physically separated by said one or more cross-flow filtration and wherein said physical separation of target product is based on their different molecular weights, size andor operating conditions.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the target molecule is selected from the group consisting of sugars, ammonia, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements that can be added to animal feed or reintroduced to soil as nutrients.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrocarbon containing material waste paper, wood chips, sawdust, shrubs, bushes, vegetables, fruits, flowers, animal manure and municipal waste.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid medium with the hydrocarbon containing material has a viscosity from about 100 cP to about 100,000 cP.
5. A method of producing a renewable fuel molecule from a cellulosic biomass, the method comprising:
providing a bioreactor system comprising a fermentation tank and separation filtration cassette communicatively connected to the fermentation tank, wherein the fermentation tank holds the cellulosic biomass, fermentation microorganisms and any produced renewable fuel molecule, wherein the separation filtration cassette comprises a multiplicity of filter sheets in an operative stacked arrangement, wherein the filter sheets alternate with permeate and retentate sheets, wherein a liquid to be filtered flows across the filter sheets and solids or high-molecular-weight species of diameter larger than the filter sheet’s pore size, are retained in the retentate flow, and the liquid along with any permeate species diffuse through the filter sheets and enter the permeate sheet and permeate flow; at least one permeate collection vessel, a retentate inlet and a retentate outlet in fluid communication with at least a first and second retentate sheet, where in the retentate sheets comprise multiple fluid-flow sub-channels each extending between the feed inlet and retentate outlet that are of equal length to one another as measured between the inlet and the outlet;
introducing the cellulosic biomass to the fermentation tank and culturing the fermentation microorganisms and the cellulosic biomass under conditions to produce the renewable fuel molecule;
flowing at least the fermentation liquid medium and renewable fuel molecule from the fermentation tank to the separation filtration cassette; and
capturing the renewable fuel molecule generated by the separation filtration cassette.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein starch components in the cellulosic material are converted into a sugar by the fermentation microorganisms or added saccharifying enzymes.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the cellulosic based biomass is corn grain.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the renewable fuel molecule is ethanol.
9. A method of producing a renewable fuel molecule from corn grain, the method comprising:
(a) providing corn grain and introducing same into a particle reduction system to provide a mixture of corn particles;
(b) introducing the mixture of corn particles to a liquification tank comprising a liquid medium, under heat, to release starch granules from the corn particles;
(c) introducing enzymes for break down of the starch granules into simple sugars;
(d) introducing the simple sugars into a fermentation vessel along with a fermentation microorganism for conversion of the simple sugars to ethanol;
(e) moving the fermentation medium into a distillation column for extraction of the ethanol from the fermentation medium; and
(f) moving the remaining fermentation medium with residual water and corn solids through a cross-flow filtration cassette of the present invention, wherein a significant amount of water is removed and the remaining syrup can be used as a component of animal feed.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the mixture of corn particles of step (b) is separated from the starch granules by passing the liquid medium comprising the starch granules and corn particles through a cross-flow filtration cassette, wherein the cross-flow filtration cassette comprises:
a multiplicity of filter sheets in an operative stacked arrangement, wherein the filter sheets alternate with permeate and retentate sheets, wherein a liquid to be filtered flows across the filter sheets and solids or high-molecular-weight species of diameter larger than the filter sheet’s pore size, are retained in the retentate flow, and the liquid along with any permeate species diffuse through the filter sheets and enter the permeate sheet and permeate flow; at least one permeate collection vessel, a retentate inlet and a retentate outlet in fluid communication with at least a first and second retentate sheet, where in the retentate sheets comprise multiple fluid-flow sub-channels each extending between the feed inlet and retentate outlet that are of equal length to one another as measured between the inlet and the outlet.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A light emitted diode (LED) bulb, mainly comprising a bulb shell 1, a bulb set 2, an isolating plug 3, and a supporting contact base 4; wherein:
the bulb shell 1 being an integral hollow shell member, having a hollow-out circular hole at its bottom;
the bulb set 2 comprising a LED 21, a circuit board 22, a resistor 23, and diode 24; wherein the bottom of the LED 21 having two supporting posts 211, 212, and the circuit board 22 having a plurality of small holes for receiving and coupling the foregoing two supporting posts 211, 212 at the bottom of the LED 21, and one end of the resistor 23 being a supporting leg in contact with the supporting leg 212 of the LED diode 21and continually coupling to the circuit board 22, and the other end of the resistor 23 being a supporting leg in contact with the supporting leg 231;
and the diode 24 having one of ends in contact with the supporting leg and the supporting post 211 of the LED 21 and continually coupling to the circuit board 22, and the other end of the diode 24 being the supporting contact leg 241;
the isolating plug 3 being an integral hollow plug member made of insulating material having screw threads along the periphery at the lower section for the fixing, and the isolating plug having a ringed flange at its upper section;
the supporting contact base 4 being an integral hollow supporting base made of electrically conductive material having a screw thread along its periphery for coupling to the assembly, and the interior of the supporting contact base 4 being an accommodating hollow 41, thereby by placing the light bulb set 2 in the accommodating hollow 41 of the supporting contact base 4, the supporting contact leg 241 being coupled to the bottom of the supporting contact base 4, and the other supporting contact leg 231 being in contact with the periphery at the middle section of the supporting contact base 4; and the isolating plug 3 being sleeved into the light bulb set 2 and the supporting contact base 4 are coupled with each other by screwing, and the bulb shell 1 being sleeved and covered onto the ringed flange 31 at the upper section of the isolating plug 3 to integrally couple the LED bulb.