1. A wall-hanging-aid device for locating a hanging position on a conventional wall having studs, the device comprising:
a housing body adapted to contain a first and second vertical retractable-arm mechanism, a first horizontal retractable-arm mechanism and a second horizontal retractable-arm mechanism, and the housing body further adapted to enable a portion of each retractable-arm mechanism to extend therethrough;
the first horizontal retractable-arm mechanism further comprising a first horizontal retractable arm including a second template means;
the second horizontal retractable-arm mechanism further comprising a third template means;
the first vertical retractable-arm mechanism further comprises a first measuring means and the second vertical retractable-arm mechanism further comprises a second measuring means;
a first extendable vertical template arm arranged on a surface of the housing and further being enabled to have generally about 180-degrees of rotation relative to the housing, the rotation being disposed in a constructed plane defined by a first line representing a direction of extension of the first horizontal retractable arm mechanism and a second, generally perpendicular line representing a direction of extension of the first vertical retractable-arm mechanism; and
a stud-finder means for locating the wall stud, the stud-finder means having a display apparatus, a portion of which is arranged on a visible surface of the housing.
2. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 1 further comprising a horizontal-level indication means and a vertical-level indication means, each arranged on an visible surface of the housing.
3. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 1 wherein each of the retractable-arm mechanisms further comprises a means for a locking-mechanism including an actuator arranged on the housing whereby a selected position of the associated retractable arm is locked in place by the actuator cooperating with the locking mechanism.
4. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 1 wherein each retractable arm further comprises an associated distal end having a corresponding lip member arranged generally perpendicular to the arm.
5. A method for using a wall-hanging-aid device to mark a vertical surface a desired hanging position of an object, the method comprising:
providing a wall-hanging-aid device having
a first vertical template comprising a first retractable vertical-arm having a corresponding first vertical template hole guide,
a first retractable horizontal arm,
a second retractable horizontal arm, and
a second vertical template comprising a second-vertical-template retractable arm having a second vertical template hole guide;
locating a first hooking point on the object to be hung on the vertical surface;
aligning the first vertical template hole guide with the first hooking point;
extending the vertical-arm to determine a vertical-hanging position; and
extending the first and second horizontal arms to determine a horizontal-hanging position;
locating a second hooking point on the object to be hung on the vertical surface;
aligning the second vertical template with the first hooking point; and
placing a mark on the vertical surface using the second vertical template hole guide to indicate the position corresponding to the second hooking point.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
providing the wall-hanging-aid device with a locking mechanism for each retractable arm;
locking the vertical-arm in the vertical-hanging position; and
locking the first and second horizontal arms in the horizontal-hanging position.
7. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
placing a mark on the vertical surface using the first vertical template hole guide to indicate the position corresponding to the first hooking point.
8. A wall-hanging-aid device comprising:
a housing body adapted to contain a first vertical retractable-arm mechanism, a first horizontal retractable-arm mechanism and a second horizontal retractable-arm mechanism, and the housing body further adapted to enable a portion of each retractable-arm mechanism to extend therethrough,
and wherein the first horizontal retractable-arm mechanism further comprises a first horizontal retractable arm including a first horizontal template means,
and wherein the second horizontal retractable-arm mechanism further comprises a second horizontal template means;
a first extending arm member having a proximal end hingeably attached to the housing and an oppositely arranged distal end comprising a template means;
a second extending arm member having a proximal end hingeably attached to the housing and an oppositely arranged distal end comprising a template means; and
a linking means coupling the first extending arm member to the second extending arm member whereby selective rotation of the first extending arm causes a corresponding but opposite rotation of the second extending arm member.
9. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 8 wherein the housing is further adapted to contain a second vertical retractable-arm mechanism.
10. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 9 wherein the second vertical retractable-arm mechanism further comprises a second retractable vertical-arm including a second vertical template means.
11. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 9 further comprising a first horizontal measuring means arranged on the first horizontal retractable-arm and a second horizontal measuring means arranged on the second horizontal retractable-arm.
12. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 9 wherein at least one of the retractable-arm mechanisms further comprises a vertical retractable arm having a distal end having a lip member arranged generally perpendicular to the arm.
13. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 8 wherein the housing further comprises a linking mechanism coupled to the first and second horizontal retractable-arm mechanisms whereby extension of the first horizontal retractable-arm mechanism causes a simultaneous and corresponding extension of the second retractable-arm mechanism.
14. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 8 wherein the first vertical retractable-arm mechanism further comprises a first retractable vertical-arm including a first vertical template means.
15. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 8 wherein the vertical retractable-arm mechanism further comprises a first vertical measuring means arranged on a retractable vertical-arm.
16. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 8 further comprising a horizontal-level indication means and a vertical-level indication means, each arranged on an exterior surface of the housing.
17. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 8 wherein the housing further comprises a stud-finder means.
18. The wall-hanging-aid device of claim 8 wherein at least one of the retractable-arm mechanisms further comprises a means for a locking-mechanism including an actuator arranged on the housing whereby a selected position of the associated retractable arm is locked in place by the actuator cooperating with the locking mechanism.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for preparing a polymer-modified pigment comprising the step of:
combining, in any order, at least one pigment having attached at least one nucleophilic group, at least one polymer comprising at least one carboxylic acid group or salt thereof, and at least one coupling agent.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the process is an aqueous process.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the pigment having attached at least one nucleophilic group comprises the reaction product of a pigment with a diazonium salt comprising the nucleophilic group or a derivative thereof.
4. The process of claim 3, wherein the pigment comprises a blue pigment, a black pigment, a brown pigment, a cyan pigment, a green pigment, a white pigment, a violet pigment, a magenta pigment, a red pigment, an orange pigment, a yellow pigment, or mixtures thereof.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the pigment is carbon black.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the nucleophilic group comprises at least one amine group or salt thereof.
7. The process of claim 6, wherein the amine group is a C6H4-ALK-NH2 group, wherein ALK is a bond or a linear or branched C1-C8 alkyl group.
8. The process of claim 6, wherein the amine group comprises an SO2-ALK1-NH-ALK2-NH2 group or an SO2-ALK2-NH2, wherein ALK1 is a bond or a linear or branched C1-C8 alkylene group and ALK2 is a linear or branched C1-C8 alkylene group.
9. The process of claim 6, wherein the nucleophilic group comprises at least one polyamine group or salt thereof.
10. The process of claim 9, wherein the polyamine group is a linear or branched polyethyleneimine group, a polyallylamine group, a polyvinylamine group, a pentaethylenehexamine group, a polyamidoamine group, or a salt or derivative thereof.
11. The process of claim 1, wherein the nucleophilic group comprises a group having the formula X-Sp-PA, wherein X, which is directly attached to the pigment, represents an arylene, heteroarylene, or alkylene group, Sp represents a spacer group, and PA represents a polyamine group, a salt thereof, or an acyl derivative thereof.
12. The process of claim 11, wherein PA represents a linear or branched polyethyleneimine group, a pentaethylenehexamine group, or a salt or acyl derivative thereof.
13. The process of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprising at least one carboxylic acid group is a polyurethane, a polyester, a polyamide, or a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, or a salt thereof.
14. The process of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprising at least one carboxylic acid group is polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, poly(styrene-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-maleic acid), copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, poly(ethylene-acrylic acid), or salts thereof.
15. The process of claim 1, wherein the coupling agent is water soluble.
16. The process of claim 1, wherein the coupling agent is acetic anhydride, diphenylphosphorylazide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1,3-diispropylcarbodiimide; N,N-carbonyldiimidazole, isobutyl chloroformate, 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine, 4,-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride, 2-(4-dimethylcarbamoyl-pyridino)-ethane-1-sulfonate, 2-(4-diethylcarbamoyl-pyridino)-ethane-1-sulfonate, O-(N-succinimidyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, pivaloyl choloride, 1-methyl-2-chloropyridinium iodide, or (4-dimethcarbamoyl-pyridyl)sulfonate inner salt.
17. The process of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprising at least one carboxylic acid group or salt thereof is combined with the coupling agent to form a reactive polymer, and wherein the reactive polymer is combined with the pigment having attached at least one nucleophilic group.
18. The process of claim 17, wherein the polymer comprising at least one carboxylic acid group is a polyurethane, a polyester, a polyamide, or a homopolymer or copolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, or salts thereof.
19. The process of claim 17, wherein the polymer comprising at least one carboxylic acid group is polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, poly(styrene-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-methacrylic acid), poly(styrene-maleic acid), copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, poly(ethylene-acrylic acid), or salts thereof.
20. The process of claim 17, wherein the coupling agent is water soluble.
21. The process of claim 17, wherein the coupling agent is acetic anhydride, diphenylphosphorylazide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1,3-diispropylcarbodiimide, N,N-carbonyldiimidazole, isobutyl chloroformate, 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine, 4,-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride, 2-(4-dimethylcarbamoyl-pyridino)-ethane-1-sulfonate, 2-(4-diethylcarbamoyl-pyridino)-ethane-1-sulfonate, O-(N-succinimidyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, benzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, pivaloyl choloride, 1-methyl-2-chloropyridinium iodide, or (4-dimethcarbamoyl-pyridyl)sulfonate inner salt.
22. The process of claim 17, further comprising the step of adding at least one mediator compound to the reactive polymer.
23. The process of claim 22, wherein the mediator compound is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide, sodium N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide, 6-phenyl-2-pyridone, or 2-mercaptopyridine.