1. A planar dispersion compensation waveguide comprising a Bragg grating and a plurality of control elements, the control elements each being operable to adjust the refractive index of a section of the grating and control means, wherein the control means are operable to adjust the chirp properties of the waveguide.
2. An integrated optical device comprising:a
a plurality of electronic components;
a waveguide; and
a Bragg grating formed in the waveguide;
wherein the Bragg grating comprises a plurality of control elements, the control elements each being operable to adjust the refractive index of a section of the grating and control means, wherein the control means are operable to adjust the chirp properties of the waveguide.
3. A waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the control elements are selected from the group comprising: thermo-optic elements; electro-optic elements; magneto-optic elements; magneto-optic-non-magneto-strictive elements; piezo-electric elements.
4. A waveguide according to claim 2 wherein the control elements are selected from the group comprising: thermo-optic elements; electro-optic elements; magneto-optic elements; magneto-optic-non-magneto-strictive elements; piezo-electric elements.
5. A waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the control elements are located over the waveguide.
6. A waveguide according to claim 2 wherein the control elements are located over the waveguide.
7. A waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the control elements are located under the waveguide.
8. A waveguide according to claim 2, wherein the control elements are located under the waveguide.
9. A waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the control elements are located in the waveguide.
10. A waveguide according to claim 2 wherein the control elements are located in the waveguide.
11. A waveguide according to claim 1, further including an attenuator connected to the waveguide.
12. A waveguide according to claim 2, further including an attenuator connected to the waveguide.
13. A waveguide according to claim 1 wherein the Bragg grating dispersion is non-linear.
14. A waveguide according to claim 2 wherein the Bragg grating dispersion is non-linear.
15. A device according to claim 2, the device comprising an input path and an output path, the waveguide and Bragg grating being formed in the output path.
16. A device according to claim 2, wherein said device includes first modulator means and time delay adjustment means in the output path.
17. A device according to claim 2, wherein said device includes first switch means in the input path for selecting one of a plurality of input signals.
18. A device according to claim 2 wherein said device includes first modulator means and time delay adjustment means on the output path and first switch means in the input path for selecting one of a plurality of input signals.
19. An optical back plane including an integrated optical device according to claim 2.
20. An optical back plane including an integrated optical device according to claim 2.
21. A method of operating a planar dispersion compensation waveguide comprising a Bragg grating and a plurality of control elements the control elements each being operable to adjust the refractive index of a section of the grating and control means; the method comprising the steps of adjusting the refractive index of each of the sections of the grating whereby to adjust the chirp properties of the waveguide.
22. An optical wave guide device according to claim 2 wherein control of the control elements is carried out by an electronic integrated circuit that is part of the substrate of the optical waveguide device; wherein this integrated circuit is operable to control the individual voltagecurrent supplied to each element.
23. A device according to claim 1 wherein control of the control elements is carried out by an electronic integrated circuit that is bonded to the surface of the optical waveguide device where this integrated circuit is able to control the individual voltagecurrent supplies to each element.
24. A device according to claim 2 wherein control of the control elements is carried out by an electronic integrated circuit that is bonded to the surface of the optical waveguide device where this integrated circuit is able to control the individual voltagecurrent supplies to each element.
25. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control currents or voltages are stored on the integrated circuit and can be programmed by signals from an external system.
26. A device as claimed in claim 2 wherein the control currents or voltages are stored on the integrated circuit and can be programmed by signals from an external system.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A reflective coating system on a surface of a substrate, the reflective coating system comprising an intermediate metallic layer overlying the substrate and consisting of nickel, chromium, or a Ni\u2014Cr alloy, a reflective metallic layer containing silver and overlying the intermediate metallic layer, and a protective layer overlying the reflective metallic layer.
2. The reflective coating system according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate metallic layer constitutes at least 20 percent of the combined thickness of the intermediate metallic layer and the reflective metallic layer.
3. The reflective coating system according to claim 2, wherein the intermediate metallic layer has a thickness of about 50 nm to about 400 nm.
4. The reflective coating system according to claim 1, wherein the reflective metallic layer has a thickness of about 60 nm to about 400 nm.
5. The reflective coating system according to claim 1, wherein the protective layer is chosen from the group consisting of dielectric oxides, nitrides and fluorides.
6. The reflective coating system according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate metallic layer contacts the substrate.
7. The reflective coating system according to claim 1, wherein the reflective metallic layer contacts the intermediate metallic layer.
8. The reflective coating system according to claim 1, wherein the reflective metallic layer consists of silver.
9. The reflective coating system according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a transparent material and the reflective coating system further comprises an interior metallic layer between the intermediate metallic layer and the substrate.
10. The reflective coating system according to claim 8, wherein the interior metallic layer consists of aluminum, silver, or copper.
11. The reflective coating system according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a housing of a reflector lamp.
12. A lamp comprising a substrate and a reflective coating system on a surface of the substrate, the reflective coating system comprising an intermediate metallic layer overlying the substrate and consisting of nickel, chromium, or a Ni\u2014Cr alloy, a reflective metallic layer containing silver and overlying the intermediate metallic layer, and a protective layer overlying the reflective metallic layer.
13. The lamp according to claim 12, wherein the intermediate metallic layer constitutes at least 20 percent of the combined thickness of the intermediate metallic layer and the reflective metallic layer.
14. The lamp according to claim 12, wherein the protective layer is chosen from the group consisting of dielectric oxides, nitrides and fluorides.
15. The lamp according to claim 12, wherein the intermediate metallic layer contacts the substrate.
16. The lamp according to claim 12, wherein the reflective metallic layer contacts the intermediate metallic layer.
17. The lamp according to claim 12, wherein the reflective metallic layer consists of silver.
18. The lamp according to claim 12, wherein the substrate is a transparent material, the reflective coating system further comprises an interior metallic layer between the intermediate metallic layer and the substrate, and the interior metallic layer consists of aluminum, silver, or copper.
19. A method of producing a lamp having a reflective interior surface, the method comprising:
depositing an intermediate metallic layer consisting of nickel, chromium, or a Ni\u2014Cr alloy to overlie a substrate of the lamp;
depositing a reflective metallic layer containing silver to overlie the intermediate metallic layer; and
depositing a protective layer to overlie the reflective metallic layer.
20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the intermediate metallic layer constitutes at least 20 percent of a combined thickness of the intermediate metallic layer and the reflective metallic layer.