1. A electrochemical detection method for identifying metallic pipeline materials composed of lead, copper or a lead pipeline joined to a copper pipeline, or in the alternative, a copper pipeline joined to a lead pipeline, when these pipieline material are buried in soil, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a portable, set of equipment comprising a rectifier, a data logger, a power supply, and three (3) reference coppercopper sulfate electrodes;
(b) using the rectifier to polarize a metallic pipeline by imposing a ramped potential on a metallic pipeline buried in soil, wherein the soil acts as an electrolyte, the potential is imposed using an array of metal rods attached to the rectifier to force electrical current into the soil, and the potential is imposed for approximately five (5) minutes to polarize the metallic pipeline;
(c) interrupting the polarization of the metallic pipeline at a chosen potential and measuring the pipeline potential at its high voltage point and subsequently every ten (10) seconds during the potential decay, the resulting measurements showing a high potential and the metallic pipieline returns to its rest potential value; and
(d) identifying by a characteristic polarization behavior of the pipeline whether it is a lead pipeline, copper pipeline, or a lead pipeline joined to a copper pipeline, or in the alternative a copper pipeline joined to a lead pipeline.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A slide holder for mounting a slide to a sample holder for use in a grinderpolisher, the sample holder having a pair of openings therein spaced from one another a predetermined distance and having a thickness, the slide holder comprising:
a plate for carrying the slide;
a pair of stems extending from the plate, the stems spaced from one another a distance equal to the predetermined distance between the sample holder openings, the stems configured for receipt in the sample holder openings, the stems having an axis and an outer periphery and having a height;
a locking element mounted to each stem, the locking elements having an outer periphery, the locking elements mounted on their respective stems to move relative to the axis of its respective stem between a first position in which the periphery of the locking element is coincident with or within the periphery of the stem and a second position in which the periphery of the locking element is, in part, outside of the periphery of the stem,
wherein the stems are inserted into the sample holder openings with the locking elements in the first position and wherein the locking elements are moved to the second position to lock the slide holder to the sample holder and to prevent the stems from disengaging from the sample holder.
2. The slide holder in accordance with claim 1 wherein the locking elements are pivotable on the stems.
3. The slide holder in accordance with claim 2 wherein the locking elements are eccentrically mounted to the stems.
4. The slide holder in accordance with claim 1 wherein the stems have a circular cross-section having a diameter and the locking elements have a circular cross-section having a diameter.
5. The slide holder in accordance with claim 4 wherein the diameter of each stem is equal to or greater than that the diameter of it respective locking element.
6. The slide holder in accordance with claim 5 wherein the diameter of each stem is greater than the diameter of its respective locking element.
7. The slide holder in accordance with claim 1 including a securing member to secure the locking element is a desired position.
8. The slide holder in accordance with claim 7 wherein the securing member is a wave washer to secure the locking element relative to the stem.
9. The slide holder in accordance with claim 8 wherein the locking element is mounted to the stem by a pivot pin and wherein the wave washer is mounted for cooperation with the pivot pin.
10. The slide holder in accordance with claim 1 wherein the stems and the locking elements include cooperating pins and openings to limit movement of the locking element relative to the stem.
11. The slide holder in accordance with claim 10 wherein the pin is located on the stem and the opening is located on the locking element.
12. The slide holder in accordance with claim 11 wherein the locking element is pivotable on the stem and wherein the opening is arcuate.
13. The slide holder in accordance with claim 1 wherein the height of the stem is greater than the thickness of the sample holder.
14. A slide holder for mounting a slide to a sample holder for use in a grinderpolisher, the sample holder having a pair of openings therein spaced from one another a predetermined distance and having a thickness, the slide holder comprising:
a plate for carrying the slide;
a pair of cylindrical stems extending from the plate, the stems spaced from one another a distance equal to the predetermined distance between the sample holder openings, the stems configured for receipt in the sample holder openings, the stems having an axis and a diameter and having a height;
a cylindrical locking element mounted to each stem, the locking elements having a diameter less than or equal to the diameter of its respective stem, the locking elements mounted on their respective stems to move relative to the axis of its respective stem between a first position in which the locking element and its respective stem are is coaxial and a second position in which the locking element and its respective stem are eccentric,
wherein the stems are inserted into the sample holder openings with the locking elements in the first position and wherein the locking elements are moved to the second position to lock the slide holder to the sample holder and to prevent the stems from disengaging from the sample holder.
15. The slide holder in accordance with claim 14 wherein the locking elements are pivotable on the stems.
16. The slide holder in accordance with claim 14 including a securing member to secure the locking element is a desired position.
17. The slide holder in accordance with claim 14 wherein the stems and the locking elements include cooperating pins and openings to limit movement of the locking element relative to the stem.
18. The slide holder in accordance with claim 17 wherein the pin is located on the stem and the opening is located on the locking element.
19. The slide holder in accordance with claim 18 wherein the locking element is pivotable on the stem and wherein the opening is arcuate.