1. A method for controlling a flash memory device having a plurality of physical blocks each comprising a plurality of pages, the plurality of physical blocks being divided into a plurality of groups and a plurality of virtual blocks being formed by virtually combining blocks in the plurality of physical blocks belonging to the different groups, the method comprising:
converting host addresses into internal addresses in response to an access request based on host addresses belonging to a first class so that the adjacent host addresses are alternately assigned to pages of the plurality of physical blocks in a virtual block; and
converting host addresses into internal addresses in response to an access request based on host addresses belonging to a second class so that the adjacent host addresses are sequentially assigned to pages of the plurality of physical blocks in a virtual block until the adjacent host addresses are assigned to the pages of each of the plurality of physical blocks.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein alternate assignment to pages of the plurality of physical blocks in a virtual block comprises assigning adjacent host addresses to a first page of each physical block in the virtual block before assigning adjacent host addresses to a second page of each physical block in the virtual block.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein sequential assignment to pages of the plurality of physical blocks in a virtual block until the adjacent host addresses are assigned to the pages of each of the plurality of physical blocks comprises assigning adjacent host addresses to all pages of a first physical block in the virtual block before assigning adjacent host addresses to one or more pages of a second physical block in the virtual block.
4. A memory controller for converting a host address provided from a host computer into an internal address and accessing a flash memory device having a plurality of physical blocks each comprising a plurality of pages, the plurality of physical blocks being divided into a plurality of groups and a plurality of virtual blocks being formed by virtually combining blocks in the plurality of physical blocks belonging to the different groups, the memory controller comprising:
means for converting the host address into an internal address according to a first procedure when the host address has a first value; and
means for converting the host address into an internal address according to a second procedure when the host address has a second value,
wherein when the address converting is performed according to the first procedure, host addresses are converted into internal addresses so that the adjacent host addresses are alternately assigned to pages of the plurality of physical blocks in a virtual block; and
wherein when the address converting is performed according to the second procedure, host addresses are converted into internal addresses so that the adjacent host addresses are sequentially assigned to pages of the plurality of physical blocks in a virtual block until the adjacent host addresses are assigned to the pages of each of the plurality of physical blocks.
5. The memory controller of claim 4, wherein alternate assignment to pages of the plurality of physical blocks in a virtual block comprises assigning adjacent host addresses to a first page of each physical block in the virtual block before assigning adjacent host addresses to a second page of each physical block in the virtual block.
6. The memory controller of claim 4, wherein sequential assignment to pages of the plurality of physical blocks in a virtual block until the adjacent host addresses are assigned to the pages of each of the plurality of physical blocks comprises assigning adjacent host addresses to all pages of a first physical block in the virtual block before assigning adjacent host addresses to one or more pages of a second physical block in the virtual block.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A catalyst compound represented by the formula:
wherein each solid line represents a covalent bond and each dashed line represents a bond having varying degrees of covalency and a varying degree of coordination;
wherein M is a Group 3, 4, 5 or 6 transition metal;
wherein N1 and N2 are nitrogen and O1 and O2 are oxygen;
wherein n is 1 or 2;
wherein each X is, independently, a univalent C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl radical, a functional group comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, or where n is 2 each X may join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure;
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of divalent C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl radicals, divalent functional groups comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, and combinations thereof; and
wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is independently, a hydrogen, a C1-C40 hydrocarbyl radical, a functional group comprising elements from Group 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, or two or more of R1 to R10 and Y may independently join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure.
2. The catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein n is 2 and comprising O1,N1,N2\u2014N1,N2,O2 in a fac-mer, a mer-fac, or a fac-fac arrangement.
3. The catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein M is Ti, Hf or Zr.
4. The catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein X is a benzyl radical.
5. The catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is, independently, hydrogen, a halogen, or a C1 to C10 hydrocarbyl radical.
6. The catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein Y comprises a phenylene divalent radical.
7. The catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein Y and R9 join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure, represented by the formula:
8. The catalyst compound of claim 1 wherein:
each X is a benzyl radical;
at least one of R2, R4, R5, R6 and R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of: C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 cycloalkyl, C1-C10 alkenyl, C1-C10 alkoxy, aryl substituted C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 aryl, halo and combinations thereof; and
R1, R3, R7, R8 and R10 are hydrogen.
9. The catalyst compound of claim 8, wherein at least one of R2, R4, R5, R6 and R9 is independently selected from the group consisting of: methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tertiary-butyl, isopentyl, 2-methyl-2-phenylethyl; methoxy, benzyl, phenyl, adamantyl, chloro, bromo, iodo, perfluoro C1 to C10 alkyl, and combinations thereof.
10. The catalyst compound of claim 1, wherein:
R2, R4, R5, R6, R9 or a combination thereof is chloro, bromo, iodo, a bulky ligand substitution or a combination thereof,
the bulky ligand substitution comprises a molecular volume greater than or equal to the molecular volume of a tertiary-butyl substitution; and
the bulky ligand substitution comprise a C4 to C20 hydrocarbyl radical, \u2014SR1, \u2014NR22, \u2014PR32, or a combination thereof, where each R1, R2 and R3 is independently a C1 to C30 hydrocarbyl.
11. The catalyst compound of claim 1 represented by the formula:
wherein R5 is different than R6; R7 is different than R8, or a combination thereof.
12. A catalyst system, comprising an activator and a catalyst compound represented by the formula:
wherein each solid line represents a covalent bond and each dashed line represents a bond having varying degrees of covalency and a varying degree of coordination;
wherein M is a Group 3, 4, 5 or 6 transition metal;
wherein N1 and N2 are nitrogen and O1 and O2 are oxygen;
wherein n is 1 or 2;
wherein each X is, independently, a univalent C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl radical, a functional group comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, or where n is 2 each X may join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure;
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of divalent C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl radicals, divalent functional groups comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, and combinations thereof; and
wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is independently, a hydrogen, a C1-C40 hydrocarbyl radical, a functional group comprising elements from Group 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, or two or more of R1 to R10 and Y may independently join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure.
13. The catalyst system of claim 12, wherein n is 2 and comprising O1,N1,N2\u2014N1,N2,O2 in a fac-mer, a mer-fac, or a fac-fac arrangement; or wherein activation rearranges O1,N1,N2\u2014N1,N2,O2 into a fac-mer, a mer-fac, or a fac-fac arrangement.
14. The catalyst system of claim 12, wherein the activator comprises alumoxane, a non-coordinating anion activator, or a combination thereof.
15. The catalyst system of claim 12, wherein the activator comprises alumoxane and the alumoxane is present at a ratio of 1 mole aluminum or more per mole of catalyst compound.
16. The catalyst system of claim 12, wherein the activator is represented by the formula:
(Z)d+(A\u2212)
wherein Z is (L-H), or a reducible Lewis Acid, wherein L is a neutral Lewis base, H is hydrogen and (L-H)+ is a Bronsted acid;
Ad\u2212 is a non-coordinating anion having the charge d\u2212; and
d is an integer from 1 to 3.
17. The catalyst system of claim 12, wherein the activator is represented by the formula:
(Z)d+(A\u2212)
wherein Ad\u2212 is a non-coordinating anion having the charge d\u2212;
d is an integer from 1 to 3, and
Z is a reducible Lewis acid represented by the formula: (Ar3C+), where Ar is aryl radical, an aryl radical substituted with a heteroatom, an aryl radical substituted with one or more C1 to C40 hydrocarbyl radicals, an aryl radical substituted with one or more functional groups comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements or a combination thereof.
18. A process to activate a catalyst system, comprising combining an activator with a catalyst compound represented by the formula:
wherein each solid line represents a covalent bond and each dashed line represents a bond having varying degrees of covalency and a varying degree of coordination;
wherein M is a Group 3, 4, 5 or 6 transition metal;
wherein N1 and N2 are nitrogen and O1 and O2 are oxygen;
wherein n is 1 or 2;
wherein each X is, independently, a univalent C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl radical, a functional group comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, or where n is 2 each X may join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure;
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of divalent C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl radicals, divalent functional groups comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, and combinations thereof; and
wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is independently, a hydrogen, a C1-C40 hydrocarbyl radical, a functional group comprising elements from Group 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, or two or more of R1 to R10 and Y may independently join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure.
19. The process of claim 18, wherein n is 2 and the catalyst compound comprises O1,N1,N2\u2014N1,N2,O2 in a fac-mer, a mer-fac, or a fac-fac arrangement; or wherein activation rearranges O1,N1,N2\u2014N1,N2,O2 into a fac-mer, a mer-fac, or a fac-fac arrangement.
20. A process to polymerize olefins comprising:
contacting one or more olefins with a catalyst system at polymerization conditions to produce a polyolefin, the catalyst system comprising an activator and a catalyst compound represented by the formula:
wherein each solid line represents a covalent bond and each dashed line represents a bond having varying degrees of covalency and a varying degree of coordination;
wherein M is a Group 3, 4, 5 or 6 transition metal;
wherein N1 and N2 are nitrogen and O1 and O2 are oxygen;
wherein n is 1 or 2;
wherein each X is, independently, a univalent C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl radical, a functional group comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, or where n is 2 each X may join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure;
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of divalent C1 to C20 hydrocarbyl radicals, divalent functional groups comprising elements from Groups 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, and combinations thereof; and
wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is independently, a hydrogen, a C1-C40 hydrocarbyl radical, a functional group comprising elements from Group 13-17 of the periodic table of the elements, or two or more of R1 to R10 and Y may independently join together to form a C4 to C62 cyclic or polycyclic ring structure.
21. The process of claim 20, wherein n is 2 and the catalyst compound comprises O1,N1,N2\u2014N1,N2,O2 in a fac-mer, a mer-fac, or a fac-fac arrangement; or wherein activation rearranges O1,N1,N2\u2014N1,N2,O2 into a fac-mer, a mer-fac, or a fac-fac arrangement.
22. The process of claim 20, wherein the polymerization conditions comprise a temperature of from about 0\xb0 C. to about 300\xb0 C., a pressure from about 0.35 MPa to about 10 MPa, and a time from about 0.1 minutes to about 24 hours.
23. The process of claim 20, wherein the one or more olefins comprise propylene.
24. The process of claim 20, wherein the polyolefin comprises at least 50 mole % propylene.
25. Isotactic polypropylene obtained by the process of claim 20 and having a melting point greater than 158\xb0 C.