1. A micropump comprising,
a bottom substrate layer;
a top substrate layer;
a first chamber formed in the bottom substrate layer, and having a microfluidic input at a bottom portion of the first chamber;
a first ball disposed in the first chamber;
a second chamber formed in the bottom substrate layer, and having a microfluidic input at a bottom portion of the second chamber;
a second ball disposed in the second chamber;
and a microfluidic pumping passage formed between the top and bottom substrate layers and fluidically coupled between the first and second chambers;
wherein fluid enters from the bottom substrate to the first chamber through a microfluidic input at a bottom portion of the first chamber, said fluid enters the microfluidic pumping passage in the top substrate, flows back down to the bottom substrate, enters the microfluidic input at a bottom portion of the second chamber, and exits through the top substrate;
and wherein the first and second balls act as valves to promote one-way flow of fluid.
2. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the actuator comprises electromagnets or piezoelectric material.
3. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the actuator oscillates.
4. The micropump of claim 3 wherein the actuator oscillates at approximately 1 Hz.
5. The micropump of claim 1 and further comprising an actuator positioned adjacent the pumping passage for pumping fluid.
6. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the pumping passage is formed at least partially of a flexible material to facilitate a change in volume of the pumping passage.
7. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls are heavier than the fluid, and have a larger diameter than the respective inputs, and a smaller diameter than the respective chambers.
8. The micropump of claim 3 wherein the balls are ball bearings.
9. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the chambers are formed in a sheet of Plexiglas, Lexan, or other rigid plastic.
10. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the micropump is self priming.
11. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls minimize backflow.
12. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls are denser or lighter than the fluid.
13. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls are aluminum or ruby.
14. The micropump of claim 1 wherein the balls are either lighter or heavier than the fluid.
15. The micropump of claim 1 wherein one of the fluid input or outputs of each chamber is chamfered to mate with the respective balls to provide a check valve.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Cylinder head comprising a water jacket limited by a flame deck and an oil deck at a water cooled reciprocating engine with cylinders that are arranged in series, each of said cylinders comprises at least one intake valve with an intake duct and two exhaust valves, which exhausts open into an exhaust duct, with a receptacle for a fuel injector or a spark plug, that is located between the intake valve and the exhaust valves, characterized in that for conducting a coolant in the water jacket an arrangement of channels is provided at least in the region of an exhaust side of each cylinder, through which in an inflow the coolant supply is conducted from an exterior on one side of the exhaust duct inwards towards the receptacle and is conducted from an interior in a reflux to the exterior on the other side of the exhaust duct and in that an overflow channel is provided, conducting a return flow path, as viewed with respect to the direction of flow, to a channel arrangement which forms a supply flow path of a channel arrangement of the consecutive cylinder head region.
2. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a space between the exhausts of the exhaust valves and the receptacle forms a reversion region for the flow.
3. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a supply-sided part of the channel arrangement each runs below the exhaust duct and in that the return-sided part of the channel arrangement each runs above the exhaust duct.
4. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a separation is provided between intermediate regions related to adjacent cylinders in order to conduct the cooling water.
5. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the water jacket that is limited by the flame deck and the oil deck is separated by an intermediate deck into an upper part of the water jacket and a lower part of the water jacket.
6. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that one part of parts of the water jacket, preferably a lower part, is connected on a supply side to an overflow channel and in that an other part of the water jacket is connected on a drain side to a part of the water jacket of an adjacent cylinder region via the overflow channel, respectively.
7. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that an intermediate deck comprises at least one flow passage opening connecting a lower part of the water jacket with an upper part of the water jacket forming a reversion region.
8. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow passage opening is located in the region of the intake duct in each case.
9. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that at separations facing each other at least one flow passage opening is arranged connecting a lower part of the water jacket with an upper part of the water jacket.
10. Cylinder head according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow passage openings are each arranged at opposing separations in the region of a longitudinal center axis.
11. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that a supply-sided part of the channel arrangement comprises a main channel running between exhaust ducts of the exhaust valves and each a branch channel, which is lead around each exhaust ducts and which runs into the reversion region.
12. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake duct is enfolded by flow channels at least at a side that opposes the exhaust ducts.
13. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation comprises at least one overflow channel connecting the channel arrangements of adjacent cylinders.
14. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that flow channels each comprising the intake ducts of adjacent cylinders are interconnected via flow passages openings located in the separation.
15. Cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that flow passage openings of flow channels assigned to the intake duct are formed by at least one guiding element in the separation for a redirection of the cooling water into juxtaposed flow channels.