1. A method for forming a colored glass article in a single heating step, comprising the steps of:
providing a glass batch composition comprising a base glass portion comprising:
SiO2
66 to 75
weight percent
Na2O
10 to 20
weight percent
CaO
5 to 15
weight percent
MgO
0 to 5
weight percent
Al2O3
0 to 5
weight percent
K2O
0 to 5
weight percent
BaO
0 to 1
weight percent
Bi2O3
0 to 5
weight percent
total iron (Fe2O3)
to provide a redox ratio of >0.35;
providing a colorant portion comprising precursor materials for at least one of Cu nanostructures, Au nanostructures, or Ag nanostructures, wherein the Cu nanostructures precursor is selected from the group consisting of copper containing sulfates, copper containing nitrates, and copper containing oxides; the Au nanostructures precursor is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen tetrachloreaurate (III) tri-hydrate (HAuCl4.3H2O), gold (III) chloride, gold (III) oxide, sodium aurothiomalate hydrate, and gold (III) hydroxide; and the Ag nanostructures precursor is selected from the group consisting of silver nitrate (AgNO3), silver chloride, silver oxide, silver acetate, silver perchlorate, and silver acetylacetonate;
heating the glass batch composition and colorant portion in a single heating step to form molten glass of a desired color having at least one of 0.0001 to 0.15 weight percent of Cu nanostructures, <0.01 weight percent of Au nanostructures, or <0.01 weight percent of Ag nanostructures;
depositing the molten glass on a bath of molten tin to form a glass ribbon of the desired color; and
removing the glass ribbon from the molten tin bath to form glass sheets of the desired color.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of total iron ranges from 0.005 to 0.40 weight percent.
3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding at least one of the following to the batch material: cobalt, nickel, neodymium oxide, erbium, vanadium and chrome oxide.
4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising adding cobalt in an amount ranging up to 500 PPM.
5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding selenium in an amount up to 50 PPM.
6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding at least one reducing agent selected from stannous oxide (SnO), selenium (Se), tellurium dioxide (TeO2), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), or anthracite powdered coal.
7. A glass article made from the method of claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A vehicle seat frame comprising:
a plurality of parts having respective joining surfaces, the plurality of parts including at least one side part and at least one cross member, the at least one side part having a first flat joining surface and the at least one cross member having a corresponding second flat joining surface, wherein the first flat joining surface has a relatively rigid construction relative to the second flat joining surface, and the second flat joining surface has a relatively flexible construction relative to the first flat joining surface; and
a positioning device provided on at least one of the at least one side part and the at least one cross member in a region of the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface, the positioning device being configured to fix a position of the at least one side part and the at least one cross member relative to one another in multiple directions,
wherein the relatively rigid construction of the first flat joining surface and the relatively flexible construction of the second flat joining surface allow for an assembly between the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface that is substantially without gaps,
wherein after the assembly is provided, the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface are configured to be joined to one another by laser-welding;
wherein the at least one side part comprises a first side part and a second side part that is spaced apart from the first side part;
wherein the at least one cross member comprises an upper cross member and a lower cross member, and wherein the upper cross member and the lower cross member extend between the first side part and the second side part;
wherein the positioning device comprises a first deformable tab on the first side part and a second deformable tab on the second side part, the first deformable tab and the second deformable tab being configured to engage the upper cross member.
2. The seat frame of claim 1 wherein the positioning device is configured to fix the position of the at least one side part and the at least one cross member relative to one another in all spatial directions.
3. The seat frame of claim 1 wherein the positions of the parts are configured to be fixed to one another in a fixture.
4. The seat frame of claim 3 wherein the laser-welding of the parts is carried out in the fixture.
5. The seat frame of claim 1 wherein the positioning device comprises a plurality of embossments on the at least one cross member. positively joined to one another by laser-welding.
6. The seat frame of claim 1 wherein the parts have a material thickness that is approximately 0.9 millimeters.
7. The seat frame of claim 1 wherein the parts are positively joined together by a weld seam that is substantially circular in shape.
8. A vehicle seat frame comprising:
a plurality of parts having respective joining surfaces, the plurality of parts including at least one side part and at least one cross member, the at least one side part having a first flat joining surface and the at least one cross member having a corresponding second flat joining surface, wherein the first flat joining surface has a relatively rigid construction relative to the second flat joining surface, and the second flat joining surface has a relatively flexible construction relative to the first flat joining surface; and
a positioning device provided on at least one of the at least one side part and the at least one cross member in a region of the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface, the positioning device being configured to fix a position of the at least one side part and the at least one cross member relative to one another in multiple directions,
wherein the relatively rigid construction of the first flat joining surface and the relatively flexible construction of the second flat joining surface allow for an assembly between the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface that is substantially without gaps,
wherein after the assembly is provided, the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface are configured to be joined to one another by laser-welding;
wherein the at least one side part comprises a first side part and a second side part that is spaced apart from the first side part;
wherein the at least one cross member comprises an upper cross member and a lower cross member, and wherein the upper cross member and the lower cross member extend between the first side part and the second side part;
wherein the positioning device comprises a plurality of embossments on the lower cross member that are configured to engage the first side part and the second side part.
9. The seat frame of claim 8 wherein the positioning device comprises a deformable tab on the at least one side part.
10. The seat frame of claim 9 wherein the deformable tab is configured to be bent towards and engage the at least one cross member before the parts are positively joined to one another by laser-welding.
11. The seat frame of claim 8 wherein the positions of the parts are configured to be fixed to one another in a fixture.
12. The seat frame of claim 11 wherein the laser-welding of the parts is carried out in the fixture.
13. A vehicle seat frame comprising:
a plurality of parts having respective joining surfaces, the plurality of parts including at least one side part and at least one cross member, the at least one side part having a first flat joining surface and the at least one cross member having a corresponding second flat joining surface, wherein the first flat joining surface has a relatively rigid construction relative to the second flat joining surface, and the second flat joining surface has a relatively flexible construction relative to the first flat joining surface; and
a positioning device provided on at least one of the at least one side part and the at least one cross member in a region of the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface, the positioning device being configured to fix a position of the at least one side part and the at least one cross member relative to one another in multiple directions;
wherein the relatively rigid construction of the first flat joining surface and the relatively flexible construction of the second flat joining surface allow for an assembly between the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface that is substantially without gaps,
wherein after the assembly is provided, the first flat joining surface and the second flat joining surface are configured to be joined to one another by laser-welding;
wherein the at least one side part comprises a first side part and a second side part that is spaced apart from the first side part;
wherein the at least one cross member comprises an upper cross member and a lower cross member, and wherein the upper cross member and the lower cross member extend between the first side part and the second side part;
wherein the positioning device comprises:
a first deformable tab on the first side part and a second deformable tab on the second side part, the first deformable tab and the second deformable tab being configured to engage the upper cross member; and
a plurality of embossments on the lower cross member that are configured to engage the first side part and the second side part.
14. The seat frame of claim 13 wherein the positions of the parts are configured to be fixed to one another in a fixture.
15. The seat frame of claim 14 wherein the laser-welding of the parts is carried out in the fixture.