1. A zinc-based coated steel sheet comprising a zinc-based coating layer and a film containing zinc phosphate particles in an amount of 50 percent by weight or more, and having substantially no reaction layer formed by reaction between the zinc-based coating and the zinc phosphate particles, wherein the film is formed. on the zinc-based coating layer.
2. The zinc-based coated steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the film further contains an organic film-forming supplement.
3. The zinc-based coated steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the zinc phosphate particles have mean particle sizes of from 0.3 to 4.0 m.
4. The zinc-based coated steel sheet of claim 3, wherein the zinc phosphate particles have a cumulative frequency distribution of 5% of zinc phosphate particles having a particle size of 0.2 m or more and 95% of zinc phosphate particles having a particle size of 5.0 m or less, counted from the smallest particles, respectively.
5. The zinc-based coated steel sheet of claim 1, wherein the zinc-based coating is a galvannealed coating layer.
6. The zinc-based coated steel sheet of claim 5, wherein the galvannealed coating layer has a rod-like crystal configuration comprising 50% or more of crystals at the surface thereof.
7. The zinc-based coated steel sheet of claim 5, wherein the crystal configuration of the surface of the galvannealed coating layer has a diffraction line profile, as determined by X-ray diffractometry, showing a ratio II0 of 0.25 or more, I being the peak intensity at a lattice plane spacing d of 1.26 , and I0 being the peak intensity at a lattice plane spacing d0 of 1.28 .
8. A method of manufacturing a zinc-based coated steel sheet having a film containing zinc phosphate particles in an amount of 50 percent by weight or more, and having substantially no reaction layer formed by reaction between the zinc-based coating and the zinc phosphate particles, comprising the steps of: applying a zinc-based coating to the surface of a steel sheet; applying water containing zinc phosphate particles to the surface of the zinc-based coating layer; and drying the applied water containing zinc phosphate particles.
9. The method of manufacturing the zinc-based coated steel sheet of claim 8, wherein the water containing zinc phosphate particles further contains an organic film-forming supplement.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An aircraft comprising a mainplane with canted down tips; and wherein an additional plane is carried from an outboard location of each wing of said mainplane and positioned aft with respect to the respective said tip.
2. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein each said additional plane is positioned to be subject to the upwash field of the respective mainplane tip vortex, at least in the cruise condition of the aircraft.
3. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein each said additional plane extends outboard with respect to the respective said tip.
4. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein each said additional plane is carried on a boom extending from the mainplane in the region of the root of the respective said tip.
5. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein the lift vector of each said additional plane is inclined forwardly in the cruise condition of the aircraft.
6. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein the downward cant angle of each said tip increases in the outboard direction thereof.
7. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein in planform the leading and trailing edges of each said tip are swept back in relation to the leading and trailing edges respectively of the mainplane inboard thereof.
8. An aircraft according to claim 7 wherein in planform the sweep angles of the leading and trailing edges of each said tip increase in the outboard direction thereof.
9. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein the chord of each said tip reduces in the outboard direction thereof.
10. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein each wing of said mainplane includes an inboard portion having a chord which reduces in the outboard direction thereof, an outboard portion of substantially constant chord, and a said tip.
11. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein each wing of said mainplane includes an inboard portion having a chord which reduces in the outboard direction thereof, an outboard portion having a positive dihedral angle, and a said tip.
12. An aircraft according to claim 10 wherein the root portion of each wing of said mainplane is of substantially constant chord.
13. An aircraft according to claim 11 wherein the root portion of each wing of said mainplane is of substantially constant chord.
14. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein roll control is provided by means of spoilers on said tips.
15. An aircraft according to claim 1 wherein roll control is provided by varying the lift produced by said additional planes to vary the twist of said mainplane.
16. An aircraft according to claim 1 comprising sensors for sensing gusts ahead of said mainplane in the regions of the locations from which said additional planes are carried, and a system for controlling the lift produced by said additional planes in response to said sensors to vary the twist of said mainplane such as to alleviate the effect of gusts on said mainplane.
17. An aircraft according to claim 1 being a solar powered, unmanned aerial vehicle.