Author: claimsbot

1. A disc brake comprising a carrier on which a pair of pad plates are movably installed and a caliper housing, which is slidably installed on the carrier and is provided with a cylinder having a piston mounted so as to move forward and backward by a hydraulic braking pressure, the disc brake comprising:
an adjuster installed in the piston to prevent the pad plates from moving away from a disc and to maintain the pad plates at a constant distance from the disc;
a push rod installed in the cylinder, a front portion thereof being screw-coupled to the adjuster and a rear portion thereof being provided with a flange extending toward an inner circumferential surface of the cylinder;
a ramp unit into which the rear portion of the push rod is inserted and which is installed in the cylinder and compresses the push rod toward the piston in cooperation with a parking cable to prevent rotation of the push rod;
a spring case having an end portion of one side thereof fixed to the cylinder and forming a predetermined accommodation space between the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder and the push rod;
a first elastic member and a second elastic member arranged in series with each other in the accommodation space of the spring case to provide elastic force to the push rod; and
a support plate supported by an end portion of the ramp unit and interposed between the first elastic member and the second elastic member.
2. The disc brake of claim 1, wherein the ramp unit comprises:
a fixed ramp plate provided in a cylindrical shape, a front portion of which is open, and is fixedly installed on the cylinder;
a rotating ramp plate provided in the fixed ramp plate and passing through a rear portion of the fixed ramp plate and a rear portion of the cylinder, to rotate by receivinga rotatory force of an operating lever connected to the parking cable; and
a plurality of balls interposed between the fixed ramp plate and the rotating ramp plate to advance the rotating ramp plate at the time of rotation of the rotating ramp plate.
3. The disc brake of claim 2, wherein:
the fixed ramp plate is provided at the rear portion thereof with a rotation preventing protrusion that protrudes outward; and
a rotation preventing groove corresponding to the rotation preventing protrusion is formed at a position in the cylinder corresponding to the rotation preventing protrusion.
4. The disc brake of claim 2, wherein:
the push rod is provided with a plurality of coupling protrusions protruding outward and equally spaced along an outer circumferential surface of the flange; and
the fixed ramp plate is provided at a position of an inner circumferential surface thereof corresponding to the coupling protrusions with coupling grooves assembled to the coupling protrusions to prevent rotation of the push rod.
5. The disc brake of claim 2, wherein:
the support plate is supported by being seated and supported on a seating groove that is recessed inward at a leading end surface of a front side of the fixed ramp plate; and
a leading end surface of the seating groove is formed ahead of a leading end surface of a flange in an advancing direction of the piston to form a step between the leading end surface of the flange and the leading end surface of the seating groove, thereby forming a gap in a longitudinal direction between the support plate and the flange.
6. The disc brake of claim 1, wherein:
the first elastic member includes a low-pressure spring having one end supported by the support plate and the other end supported by the flange to provide an elastic force in a movement direction of the piston; and
the second elastic member includes a high-pressure spring having one end supported by the other side of the spring case and the other end supported by the support plate to provide an elastic force in a movement direction of the piston,
wherein the high-pressure spring has an elastic force greater than an elastic force of the lower pressure spring.
7. The disc brake of claim 6, wherein the first elastic member includes a wave spring or a disc spring.
8. The disc brake of claim 1, wherein:
the adjuster is provided with a head portion making contact with the piston and a rod extending rearward from the head portion and provided at an outer circumferential surface thereof with a thread that is screw-coupled to the push rod; and
washers are installed on a rear wall of the head portion of the adjuster and an inner side surface of the piston, respectively, and a washer spring is provided between the washers such that the adjuster comes into close contact with the piston by an elastic force of the washer spring.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of preparing a bactericide, comprising the steps of:
adding copper sulfate pentahydrate to an aqueous solution; and
mixing a quantity of sulfuric acid into the solution;
wherein said adding step comprises dissolving about 200 grams of copper sulfate pentahydrate to about 500 ml of water, and said mixing step comprises mixing about 60 ml of sulfuric acid into the solution of dissolved copper sulfate pentahydrate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said mixing step produces a concentrated stock solution, and wherein the method further comprises the step of diluting the stock solution with water.
3. A method of preparing a bactericide, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving copper sulfate pentahydrate in a volume of water to a concentration of from about 40 wv % copper sulfate pentahydrate to a fully saturated solution of copper sulfate pentahydrate; and
(2) mixing a volume of sulfuric acid into the solution obtained in step (1), wherein the concentration of sulfuric acid in the volume of water is about 1:50 to about 9:50.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the solution obtained in step (2) is a concentrated stock solution, and wherein the method further comprises the step of diluting the stock solution with water.

1. A pair of shear blades to be provided in a ram blowout preventer for cutting a tubular, the pair of shear blades comprising:
a first ram shear blade; and
a second shear blade configured to shear the tubular in concert with the first ram shear blade, the second ram shear blade having a portion configured to puncture the tubular,
wherein the first ram shear blade is configured to guide the tubular to a location opposite the portion of the second shear.
2. The pair of shear blades of claim 1, wherein the first blade has two cutting edges that form an acute angle with each other and a curved cutting edge connecting the two cutting edges and the second blade has two cutting edges that form an obtuse angle with each other.
3. The pair of shear blades of claim 2, wherein the first blade has a front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face having a first cutting face, a second cutting face and a curved cutting face configured to connect the first cutting face to the second cutting face, each of the cutting faces having a corresponding cutting edge;
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the first blade forming a V-shape with the curved cutting face positioned at an apex of the V-shape; and
the first cutting face, the second cutting face, and the curved cutting face of the first blade being slanted relative to a direction on which the tubular extends.
4. The pair of shear blades of claim 3, wherein the second blade has a front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face having a first cutting face and a second cutting face, the first cutting face intersecting the second cutting face along an edge that forms the portion, each of the first cutting face and the second cutting face having a corresponding cutting edge;
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the second blade forming an angle larger than 180\xb0; and
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the second blade being slanted relative to the direction on which the tubular extends.
5. The pair of shear blades of claim 4, wherein an angle between the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the first blade is different from an angle between the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the second blade.
6. The pair of shear blades of claim 3, wherein the first blade has a number of front cutting faces different from the second blade.
7. The pair of shear blades of claim 3, wherein the first blade further comprises:
first and second non-cutting faces that connect to the first cutting face and the second cutting face, the first and second non-cutting faces directly facing the first and second cutting faces of the second blade.
8. The pair of shear blades of claim 1, wherein the first blade has two cutting edges that form an acute angle with each other and a curved cutting edge connecting the two cutting edges, and the second blade has a front face having a W-shape, wherein the first blade and the second blade are configured to slide one over the other for cutting the tubular.
9. The pair of shear blades of claim 8, wherein the first blade has a front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face having a first cutting face, a second cutting face and a curved cutting face configured to connect the first cutting face to the second cutting face, each of the cutting faces having a corresponding cutting edge;
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the first blade forming a V-shape with the curved cutting face positioned at an apex of the V-shape; and
the first cutting face, the second cutting face, and the curved cutting face of the first blade being slanted relative to a direction on which the tubular extends.
10. The pair of shear blades of claim 9, wherein the second blade has the front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face having a first cutting face, a second cutting face, the first cutting face intersecting the second cutting face along an edge that forms the portion, and each of the first cutting face and the second cutting face having a corresponding cutting edge;
the front face of the second blade further comprising a third curved cutting face connected to the first cutting surface, a fourth curved cutting face connected to the second cutting surface, a fifth cutting surface connected to the third curved cutting face, and a sixth cutting surface connected to the fourth curved cutting face;
the first cutting face and the fifth cutting face of the second blade forming a V-shape;
the second cutting face and the sixth cutting face of the second blade forming a V-shape; and
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the second blade being slanted relative to the direction on which the tubular extends.
11. The pair of shear blades of claim 10, wherein an angle between the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the second blade is larger than 180\xb0, an angle between the first cutting surface and the fifth cutting surface is less than 180\xb0, and an angle between the second cutting surface and the sixth cutting surface is less than 180\xb0.
12. The pair of shear blades of claim 8, wherein the first blade has a number of front cutting faces different from the second blade.
13. The pair of shear blades of claim 10, wherein the first blade further comprises first and second non-cutting faces that connect to the first cutting face and the second cutting face, and the second blade comprises first and second non-cutting faces that connect to the fifth cutting surface and the sixth cutting surface and directly face the first and second non-cutting faces of the first blade.
14. The pair of shear blades of claim 1, wherein the first blade has a front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face being curved, and the second blade has a front face and the portion, the front face being configured to cut the tubular and the portion being configured to puncture the tubular.
15. The pair of shear blades of claim 14, wherein the front face of the second blade comprises:
a first cutting surface having a cutting edge;
a second cutting surface having a cutting edge, wherein the first cutting surface forms a V-shape with the second cutting surface;
a first curved cutting surface connected to the first cutting surface; and
a second curved cutting surface connected to the second cutting surface.
16. The pair of shear blades of claim 15, wherein the portion comprises:
a first cutting surface connected to the first curved cutting surface; and
a second cutting surface connected to the second curved cutting surface, wherein
the first curved surface intersects with the second cutting surface at an edge.
17. The pair of shear blades of claim 16, wherein the second blade further comprises:
non-cutting faces connected to the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface.
18. The pair of shear blades of claim 14, wherein the portion has a most projected point that is configured to contact the tubular and pierce it.
19. The pair of shear blades of claim 14, wherein the front surface of the first blade comprises:
a curved cutting surface; and
non-cutting faces connected to the curved cutting surface.
20. A shear ram blowout preventer (BOP), comprising:
a body having a first elongated cavity extending along a first axis and a second elongated cavity extending perpendicular to and intersecting the first elongated cavity;
a pair of ram blocks provided in the first elongated cavity and configured to slide along the first axis, wherein the ram blocks have frontal faces facing each other and the frontal faces are configured to slide towards the second elongated cavity; and
a pair of shear blades configured to be attached to the ram blocks and also configured to shear a tubular provided in the second elongated cavity when the ram blocks slide towards the tubular,
wherein the pair of shear blades comprises a first ram shear blade and a second shear blade configured to shear the tubular in concert with the first ram shear blade, the second ram shear blade having a portion configured to puncture the tubular, and
wherein the first ram shear blade is configured to guide the tubular to a location opposite the portion of the second shear.
21. The shear ram BOP of claim 20, wherein the first blade has a front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face having a first cutting face, a second cutting face and a curved cutting face configured to connect the first cutting face to the second cutting face, each of the cutting faces having a corresponding cutting edge;
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the first blade form a V-shape with the curved cutting face positioned at an apex of the V-shape; and
the first cutting face, the second cutting face, and the curved cutting face of the first blade are slanted relative to a direction on which the tubular extends.
22. The shear ram BOP of claim 21, wherein the second blade has a front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face having a first cutting face and a second cutting face, the first cutting face intersecting the second cutting face along an edge that forms the portion, each of the first cutting face and the second cutting face having a corresponding cutting edge;
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the second blade form an angle larger than 180\xb0; and
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the second blade are slanted relative to the direction on which the tubular extends.
23. The shear ram BOP of claim 20, wherein the first blade has a front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face having a first cutting face, a second cutting face and a curved cutting face configured to connect the first cutting face to the second cutting face, each of the cutting faces having a corresponding cutting edge;
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the first blade forming a V-shape with the curved cutting face positioned at an apex of the V-shape; and
the first cutting face, the second cutting face, and the curved cutting face of the first blade being slanted relative to a direction on which the tubular extends.
24. The shear ram BOP of claim 23, wherein the second blade has the front face configured to cut the tubular, the front face having a first cutting face, a second cutting face, the first cutting face intersecting the second cutting face along an edge that forms the portion, each of the first cutting face and the second cutting face having a corresponding cutting edge;
the front face of the second blade further comprising a third curved cutting face connected to the first cutting surface, a fourth curved cutting face connected to the second cutting surface, a fifth cutting surface connected to the third curved cutting face, and a sixth cutting surface connected to the fourth curved cutting face;
the first cutting face and the fifth cutting face of the second blade forming a V-shape;
the second cutting face and the sixth cutting face of the second blade forming a V-shape; and
the first cutting face and the second cutting face of the second blade being slanted relative to the direction on which the tubular extends.
25. The ram BOP of claim 20, wherein a front face of the second blade comprises:
a first cutting surface having a cutting edge;
a second cutting surface having a cutting edge, wherein the first cutting surface forms a V-shape with the second cutting surface;
a first curved cutting surface connected to the first cutting surface; and
a second curved cutting surface connected to the second cutting surface.
26. The ram BOP of claim 20, wherein the portion comprises:
a first cutting surface connected to the first curved cutting surface; and
a second cutting surface connected to the second curved cutting surface, wherein
the first cutting surface intersects with the second cutting surface at an edge.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional item using a layer by layer application onto a building platform comprising:
a. applying a drop by drop application from a jet assembly;
b. creating a first material property by reacting a first reaction component and a basic component;
c. creating a second material property by chemically reacting a second different reaction component and the basic component; and
d. repeating steps a, b, and c several times to form the three-dimensional item;
wherein the three-dimensional item has a first end comprised predominately of the first material property, a second end comprised predominately of the second different material property, and an intermediate area in-between the first end and the second end containing both the first material property and the second different material property so that a gradual transition between the first end and the second end is made.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the basic component is exposed to the first reaction component and the second different reaction component during creation of the intermediate area.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the drops of the basic component and drops of the first reaction component and the second different reaction component are exposed to one another in flight.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the basic component is coated by drops of the first reaction component and the second different reaction component.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermediate area is one layer.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the intermediate area includes multiple layers.
7. The method of claim 1, further including the step of setting a drop volume for the first reaction component or the second different reaction component, for drop by drop application, that creates the first end, the second end, and the intermediate area.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein a chemical composition of either the first reaction component or the second different reaction component is set when parameters for the first end, the second end, and the intermediate area are being set.
9. The method of claim 1, further including the step of setting a time delay for expelling drops of either the first reaction component or the second different reaction component, wherein the time delay is set when parameters for the first end, the second end, and the intermediate area are being set.
10. The method of claim 1, further including the step of setting a power for expelling drops of either the first reaction component or the second different reaction component, wherein the power is set when parameters for the first end, the second end, and the intermediate area are being set.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the basic component and the first reaction component form a fixed crosslinked plastic upon reaction, and the basic component and the second reaction component form a fixed crosslinked plastic upon reaction.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the fixed crosslinked plastic is formed by a polyaddition reaction.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the basic component further includes at least one material or blend selected from the group of divergent organic polyisocyanate, modified organic polyisocyanate, or polyisocanate prepolymers.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the basic component and either the first reaction component or the second different reaction component has a viscosity between about 0.5 and about 50 mPa\xb7s and a surface energy between about 20 and about 70 mNm at a predetermined dosing temperature.
15. A method for the production of a three dimensional article from a material, the method comprising:
a. ejecting a plurality of base component drops from a first nozzle onto a construction platform in a predetermined pattern that includes at least two hydrogen atoms reactive against isocyanates;
b. ejecting a plurality of initial reaction component drops with a second nozzle unto the base component drops in a predetermined pattern that includes at least an organic polyisocyanate, a polyisocyanate prepolymer, or a combination thereof;
c. ejecting a plurality of different initial reaction component drops with a third nozzle unto at least the base component drops in a predetermined pattern that includes at least an organic polyisocyanate, a polyisocyanate prepolymer, or a combination thereof;
d. repeating steps a through c for producing individual layers until the three dimensional article is complete; and
e. controlling temperature and volume of the base component drops, the initial reaction component drops, and the different initial reaction component drops;
wherein the base component drops, initial reaction component drops, and different initial reaction component drops are ejected in a predetermined volume;
wherein a first material property is produced when the initial reaction component drops react with the base component drops;
wherein a second material property is produced when the different initial reaction component drops react with the base component drops;
wherein the three dimensional article has a first end comprised of the first material property and a second end comprised of the second material property and an intermediate area between the first end and the second end that has a gradual transition between the first material and the second material; and
wherein the complete three dimensional article includes crosslinked plastics being formed with the aid of a polyaddition reaction.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the basic component drops are comprised at least partially of a filler material selected from glass fiber, glass micro-balls, carbon fiber, clay, talc, mineral, or a combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of varying the volume of the initial reaction component drops and the different initial reaction component drops released from the first nozzle and the second nozzle based upon the thickness of the previous individual layer until the three dimensional article is complete.
18. The method of claim 15, wherein the nozzles have a temperature between 50\xb0 C. and 90\xb0 C.
19. The method of claim 15, further comprising the step of setting a temperature and humidity, wherein the construction of the three dimensional article is performed in a controllable atmosphere.
20. A method for producing a three dimensional article comprising:
a. ejecting a plurality of base component drops, with a predetermined volume, from a first nozzle unto a construction platform in a predetermined pattern that includes at least two hydrogen atoms reactive against isocyanates;
b. ejecting a plurality of initial reaction component drops, with a predetermined volume, with a second nozzle unto the first drops in a predetermined pattern that includes at least an organic polyisocyanate, a polyisocyanate prepolymer, or a combination thereof;
c. ejecting a plurality of different initial reaction component drops, with a predetermined volume, with a third nozzle unto at least the first drops in a predetermined pattern that includes at least an organic polyisocyanate, a polyisocyanate prepolymer, or a combination thereof;
d. repeating steps a through c for producing individual layers until the three dimensional article is complete;
e. applying a predetermined pressure to the first nozzle, the second nozzle, and the third nozzle at predetermined times;
f. controlling the volume of the base component drops, the initial reaction component drops, and the different initial reaction component drops;
g. controlling temperature of the first nozzle, second nozzle, and third nozzle, wherein the temperature of the first nozzle, second nozzle, and third nozzle are between 50\xb0 C. and 90\xb0 C.;
h. controlling the construction atmosphere around the construction platform, wherein the temperature and humidity are controlled; and
i. varying the volume of the initial reaction component drops and the different initial reaction component drops released from the first nozzle and the second nozzle based upon the thickness of the previous individual layer until the three dimensional article is complete;
wherein a first material property is produced when the initial reaction component drops react with the base component drops;

wherein a second material property is produced when the different initial reaction component drops react with the base component drops;
wherein the three dimensional article has a first end comprised of the first material property and a second end comprised of the second material property and an intermediate area between the first end and the second end that has a gradual transition between the first material property and the second material property; and
wherein the complete three dimensional article includes a crosslinked polymeric structure.