Author: claimsbot

1. Electric switch with optical feedback of a switching operation, comprising a cover plate 1 defining front and rear sides and at least one cutout therein defining a predetermined shape representing a desired symbol or icon;
at least one switching element (18) spaced from said rear side of said cover plate, which can generate a switching signal when actuated,
an actuation element within a space between said rear side and said switching element and itself being a passive luminous body (9) of an at least translucent material and having at least a portion having a configuration that substantially corresponds to said predetermined shape so that it can at least partially penetrate said cutout proximate to said rear side and be accessible to touch and visible through said cutout from said front side of said cover plate; and active illuminating means actuable by application of contact of said actuation element through said cutout, said passive luminous body (9) being illuminatable via said active illuminating means (15) to cause only said portion of said actuation element to be illuminated and visible through said cutout when observed from said front side of said cover plate.
2. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of said luminous body (9) transparent.
3. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material of the luminous body (9) is a synthetic material.
4. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein said actuation element has a surface of said luminous body (9) that defines a symbol body (10).
5. Electric switch as claimed in claim 4, wherein said symbol body (10) is three-dimensional.
6. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cover plate (1) at least in the region of said luminous body (9)is at least translucent and flexible, such that said luminous body (9) can be actuated.
7. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cover plate (1) in the region of the luminous body (9) has a plurality of cutouts (5).
8. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cover plate (1) with respect to the front face (6) has an offset (7) in a direction from said front side towards said rear side as a finger depression.
9. Electric switch as claimed in claim 4, wherein said symbol body (10) extends through said front face (6) of said cover plate (1).
10. Electric switch as claimed in claim 4, wherein at least portions of said luminous body (9) together with said symbol body (10) extend through said front face (6) of said cover plate (1).
11. Electric switch as claimed in claim 9, wherein front face (6) of said cover plate (1) has openings (5) through which extend at least portions of said luminous body (9) or of said symbol body (10).
12. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein an optical feedback of the switching operation takes place by switching on and off said illuminating means (15).
13. Electric switch as claimed in claim 12, wherein said illuminating means (15) are formed by at least one mono-colored LED or several differently covered LEDs, which are operatable independently of one another.
14. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein a mechanical feedback of the switching operation is accomplished via a catch spring (17), which is substantially disposed between said luminous body (9) and said switching element (18).
15. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein a mechanical feedback of the switching operation takes place via a vibrator (31), which is actuated due to the initiated switching operation and which outputs a vibrating movement onto said luminous body (9).
16. Electric switch as claimed in claim 15, wherein said vibrator (31) comprises a miniature motor (45).
17. Electric switch as claimed in claim 16, wherein said miniature motor (45) drives a disk (32), which is supported eccentrically on a rotational axis (33), or which disk (32) is supported centrally and comprises an eccentric weight (35) and consequently the vibrations of said vibrator (31) are conducted via a motor support (36) onto said luminous body.
18. Electric switch as claimed in claim 15, wherein said vibrator 31 comprises a hammer break or electromagnet or ultrasound element.
19. Electric switch as claimed in claim 15, wherein said vibrator (31) comprises a piezo sensor that includes an active piezo crystal.
20. Electric switch as claimed in claim 15, wherein during the formation of the electric switch, said vibrator (31) comprises at least one piezo sensor (18) of said piezo switch.
21. Electric switch, in particular piezo switch, with optical andor mechanical feedback of the switching operation, comprising, beneath a cover plate (1) provided with a cutout, defining a predetermined shape representing a desired symbol or icon, at least one switching element (18), which can be actuated by means of a portion of an actuation element, said cutout and portion being configured so that said portion can at least partially penetrate through said cutout and be accessible to touch through the cutout in said cover plate, whereby a switching signal is generated and conducted out via electric contacts, wherein a mechanical feedback of the switching operation takes place via a vibrator (31), which is operated due to the initiated switching operation by means of application of touch to said portion through said cutout and which outputs a vibrating movement to the actuation element, with the vibrator (31) being developed as a rotating miniature motor (45) or as a hammer break with electromagnet or through at least one piezo crystal (23) of the piezo switch itself when developing the electric switch as a piezo switch.
22. Electric switch as claimed in claim 21, wherein said miniature motor (45) drives a disk (32), which is supported eccentrically on a rotational axis (33), or which disk is supported centrally and comprises an eccentric weight (35), and consequently the vibrations of the vibrator (31) are conducted via the motor support (36) onto the actuation element formed as a luminous body.
23. Electric switch as claimed in claim 21, wherein an additional vibrator (31) is used as an ultrasound element andor as a piezo sensor, which includes an active piezo crystal.
24. Electric switch as claimed in claim 22, wherein an optical feedback of the switching operation takes place by switching on or off the illuminating means (15).
25. Electric switch as claim in claim 24, wherein said illuminating means (15) includes at least one mono-colored LED or differently colored LEDs that can be driven individually.
26. Electric switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein an electric switch includes a piezo switch, which comprises a switching element (18) a piezo sensor with a piezo crystal (23).
27. Electric switch as claimed in claim 21, wherein said electric switch includes a piezo switch, which comprises a switching element (18) a piezo sensor with a piezo crystal (23).
28. Electric switch comprising a cover plate (1), including at least one cutout therein having a predetermined configuration, at least one switching element (18) that can be actuated by means of an actuating element proximate to said cutout (5) in said cover plate (1), to be accessible to touch from outside the switch, thus generating a switching signal that is conducted out via electrical contacts, said actuating element being configured as a passive luminous element (9) of light transmitting material and capable of being illuminated;
active lighting means (15), said luminous element (9) being disposed between the cover plate and said active lighting means and having at least a portion thereof configured as a three-dimensional symbol block (10) with symbol webs (40) defining a shape of a symbol substantially corresponding to said predetermined configuration of said cutout (5) in said cover plate (1) such that only said symbol webs (40) of said symbol block (10) extend at least partially into said at least one opening in said cover plate and remaining parts of said symbol block (10) are concealed by said cover plate (1), whereby finger pressure on said symbol block (10) accessible through said at least one cutout actuates said active lighting means and light is transmitted through said passive luminous element (9) and rendered visible through said symbol block (10) and said at least one cutout.
29. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein said luminous element (9) is made of plastic material.
30. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein said cover plate (1) is made of a material selected from a group consisting of wood, metal, plastic material or glass.
31. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein its cover plate (1) has a back offset (7) set back from a front face (6) as a finger recess in the region of the cutout.
32. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein said symbol block (10) is visible to the user only from the front, that is, from the viewing side of the cover plate.
33. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein said switch is at least partially hermetically sealed to protect it from the action of moisture.
34. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein said symbol block (10) is machined out of the material of the luminous element (9) as one piece, or is formed as a separate element from said luminous element (9) and is affixed thereto.
35. Electric switch according to claim 34, wherein said symbol block (10) is formed as a separate element from said luminous element (9) and is glued or injection-molded therein.
36. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein a visual feedback of the switching operation is given by the switching on or off of said lighting means.
37. Electric switch according to claim 36, wherein said lighting means (15) consists of at lest one single-color LED or a plurality of LEDs of various colors that can be operated independently of each other.
38. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein mechanical feedback of the switching operation is provided by a snap spring (17) that is arranged substantially between the luminous element (9) and the switching element (18).
39. Electric switch according to claim 28, wherein mechanical feedback of the switching operation is provided by a vibrator (31) that is actuated as a result of the switching position that has been initiated and imparts a vibrating motion to the luminous element (9).
40. Electric switch according to claim 39, wherein said vibrator (31) is configured as a miniature motor (45).
41. Electric switch according to claim 40, wherein said miniature motor 45 drives a disc (32) that is mounted eccentrically on a rotational axis (33) or which disc (32) is mounted centrally and has an eccentric weight (35), so that the vibrations of the vibrator (31) are transmitted through the motor mounting (36) to the luminous element (3).
42. Electric switch according to claim 39, wherein said vibrator (31) is configured as a hammer interrupter or electromagnet or ultrasonic element.
43. Electric switch according to claim 39, wherein said vibrator (31) is formed by a piezoelectric sensor configured as an active piezoelectric crystal.
44. Electric switch according to claim 39, wherein if the electric switch is configured as a piezoelectric switch, the vibrator (31) is formed by a least one piezoelectric sensor (18) of the piezoelectric switch.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus comprising:
a mapping device configured to establish mapping information for delivery order attributes corresponding to different transmission protocol types;
a detection device configured to detect a transmission protocol type for the transmission of data packets;
a decision device configured to decide whether said detected protocol type is a predetermined type; and
a setting device configured to set, based on said mapping information and said decision result, a delivery order attribute as a parameter for transmission of data packets in a packet data network if the predetermined protocol type is not present.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the delivery order attribute indicates that the order of transmitted data packets is to be maintained.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the setting device is configured not to set the delivery order attribute if the predetermined protocol type is present.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein an unset delivery order attribute indicates that the order of transmitted data packets does not need to be maintained.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said predetermined protocol type comprises a protocol type used for real-time transmission.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said transmission protocol type is derived from packet data protocol (PDP) context information or packet data protocol (PDP) type information.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a terminal.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a network element.
9. An apparatus comprising:
means for establishing mapping information for delivery order attributes corresponding to different transmission protocol types;
means for detecting a transmission protocol type for the transmission of data packets;
means for deciding whether said detected protocol type is a predetermined type; and
means for setting, based on said mapping information and said decision result, a delivery order attribute as a parameter for transmission of data packets in a packet data network if the predetermined protocol type is not present, wherein said apparatus is implemented on at least one of a network node or a terminal.

1. A method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire including an entire tread rubber or a cap layer, said entire tread rubber or cap layer being formed by using an annular wound body obtained by winding ribbon-like non-vulcanized rubber strips in a spiral manner, and the method including:
a step of fixedly attaching a winding start point of a first rubber strip and a winding start point of a second rubber strip to an object to be wound at positions located further inward in a width direction than the respective sides of the wound body,
a winding step for forming the entire tread rubber or the cap layer, comprising
a first winding step for forming a first layer by spirally winding the first rubber strip towards one side up to the one side and by spirally winding the second rubber strip towards the other side up to the other side, and
a second winding step for successively forming a second layer outside of the first layer by turning the first rubber strip up at the one side and spirally winding the same towards the other side without cutting the same at the one side and by turning the second rubber strip up at the other side and spirally winding the same towards the one side without cutting the same at the other side, and
a step of fixedly attaching a winding end point of the first rubber strip and a winding end point of the second rubber strip at positions located further inward in the width direction than the respective sides of the wound body,
wherein said winding start point of the first rubber strip is provided between the other side of the wound body and a width center of the wound body such that the first rubber strip, at its winding start point, has a side surface, on the side thereof that faces the one side of the wound body, located at the width center, and the winding start point of the second rubber strip is provided between the one side of the wound body and the width center of the wound body such that the second rubber strip, at its winding start point, has a side surface, on the side thereof that faces the other side of the wound body, located at the width center so that the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip intersect with each other at the width center of the wound body in the first winding step.
2. The method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the position of the winding end point of the first rubber strip in the width direction is substantially symmetric to the position of the winding end point of the second rubber strip in the width direction with respect to the width center of the wound body.
3. The method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip are of identical rubber composition and of identical sectional shape.
4. The method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire as claimed in claim 1, further including an under layer forming step for forming an under layer inside of the first layer by spirally winding a rubber strip on the object to be wound from one side to the other side prior to the first winding step.
5. The method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire as claimed in claim 4, further including a middle layer forming step between the under layer forming step and the first winding step for forming a middle layer between the under layer and the first layer by spirally winding a rubber strip from one side to the other side.
6. A pneumatic tire provided with a tread rubber or a cap layer at a tread portion thereof, wherein the entire tread rubber or cap layer is composed of a strip laminated body including:
a first layer composed of a wound body in which a first rubber strip and a second rubber strip, which respectively include winding start points that are located further inside in a width direction than tread edges, are spirally wound towards the tread edges in opposite directions in the width direction up to one side and the other side of the wound body, respectively, such that the winding start point of the first rubber strip is provided between the other side of the wound body and a width center of the wound body and, at its winding start point, a side surface of the first rubber strip, on the side thereof that faces the one side of the wound body, is located at the width center, and the winding start point of the second rubber strip is provided between the one side of the wound body and the width center of the wound body and, at its winding start point, a side surface of the second rubber strip, on the side thereof that faces the other side of the wound body, is located at the width center so that the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip intersect with each other at the width center of the tread rubber; and
a second layer composed of a wound body that is successively formed outside of the first layer by spirally winding the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip towards a tire equator upon turning the same up without cutting the same at tread edges at respective sides thereof with winding end points of the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip being provided further inward in the width direction than the tread edges.
7. A method for manufacturing a pneumatic tire including an entire tread rubber or a cap layer, said entire tread rubber or cap layer being formed by using an annular wound body obtained by winding ribbon-like non-vulcanized rubber strips in a spiral manner, and the method including:
a step of fixedly attaching a winding start point of a first rubber strip and a winding start point of a second rubber strip to an object to be wound at positions located further inward in a width direction than the respective sides of the wound body,
a winding step for forming the entire tread rubber or the cap layer, the winding step consisting of
a first winding step for forming a first layer by spirally winding the first rubber strip towards one side up to the one side and by spirally winding the second rubber strip towards the other side up to the other side, and
a second winding step for successively forming a second layer outside of the first layer by turning the first rubber strip up at the one side and spirally winding the same towards the other side without cutting the same at the one side and by turning the second rubber strip up at the other side and spirally winding the same towards the one side without cutting the same at the other side, and
a step of fixedly attaching a winding end point of the first rubber strip and a winding end point of the second rubber strip at positions located further inward in the width direction than the respective sides of the wound body,
wherein said winding start point of the first rubber strip is provided between the other side of the wound body and a width center of the wound body such that the first rubber strip, at its winding start point, has a side surface on the side thereof that faces the one side of the wound body, located at the width center, and the winding start point of the second rubber strip is provided between the one side of the wound body and the width center of the wound body such that the second rubber strip, at its winding start point, has a side surface, on the side thereof that faces the other side of the wound body, located at the width center so that the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip intersect with each other at the width center of the wound body in the first winding step.
8. A pneumatic tire provided with a tread rubber or a cap layer at a tread portion thereof, wherein the entire tread rubber or cap layer is composed of a strip laminated body consisting of:
a first layer composed of a wound body in which a first rubber strip and a second rubber strip, which respectively include winding start points that are located further inside in a width direction than tread edges, are spirally wound towards the tread edges in opposite directions in the width direction up to one side and the other side of the wound body, respectively, such that the winding start point of the first rubber strip is provided between the other side of the wound body and a width center of the wound body and, at its winding start point, a side surface of the first rubber strip, on the side thereof that faces the one side of the wound body, is located at the width center, and the winding start point of the second rubber strip is provided between the one side of the wound body and the width center of the wound body and, at its winding start point, a side surface of the second rubber strip, on the side thereof that faces the other side of the wound body, is located at the width center so that the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip intersect with each other at the width center of the tread rubber; and
a second layer composed of a wound body that is successively formed outside of the first layer by spirally winding the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip towards a tire equator upon turning the same up without cutting the same at tread edges at respective sides thereof with winding end points of the first rubber strip and the second rubber strip being provided further inward in the width direction than the tread edges.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A method for producing a silica gel, which comprises hydrolyzing a silicon alkoxide and subjecting the resulting hydrogel to a hydrothermal treatment substantially without aging it.
2. The method for producing a silica gel according to claim 1, wherein a hydrogel having a breaking stress of at most 6 MPa is subjected to the hydrothermal treatment.
3. The method for producing a silica gel according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal treatment is carried out at a temperature of from 50 to 150 C. for from 1 to 10 hours.
4. The method for producing a silica gel according to claim 1, wherein an ammonia water is used for the hydrothermal treatment.
5. The method for producing a silica gel according to claim 1, wherein an obtained silica gel is a silica gel which has the following characteristics:
(a) the pore volume is from 0.6 to 1.6 mlg,
(b) the specific surface area is from 300 to 900 m2g,
(c) the mode diameter (Dmax) of pores is less than 20 nm,
(d) the volume of pores having diameters within 20% of Dmax is at least 50% of the total pore volume,
(e) it is amorphous, and
(f) the content of metal impurities is at most 500 ppm.
6. The method for producing a silica gel according to claim 1, wherein hydrolysis of said silicon alkoxide is conducted in the absence of a template.
7. A silica gel, produced by a process comprising hydrolyzing a silicon alkoxide and subjecting the resulting hydrogel to a hydrothermal treatment substantially without aging it.
8. The silica gel according to claim 7, wherein a hydrogel having a breaking stress of at most 6 MPa is subjected to the hydrothermal treatment.
9. The silica gel according to claim 7, wherein the hydrothermal treatment is carried out at a temperature of from 50 to 150 C. for from 1 to 10 hours.
10. The silica gel according to claim 7, wherein an ammonia water is used for the hydrothermal treatment.
11. The silica gel according to claim 7, wherein an obtained silica gel is a silica gel which has the following characteristics:
(a) the pore volume is from 0.6 to 1.6 mlg,
(b) the specific surface area is from 300 to 900 m2g,
(c) the mode diameter (Dmax) of pores is less than 20 nm,
(d) the volume of pores having diameters within 20% of Dmax is at least 50% of the total pore volume,
(e) it is amorphous, and
(f) the content of metal impurities is at most 500 ppm.
12. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein the pore volume is from 0.8 to 1.6 mg.
13. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein the specific surface area is from 400 to 900 m2g.
14. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein the mode diameter (Dmax) is at least 2 nm.
15. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein the volume of pores having diameters within 20% of Dmax is at least 60% of the total pore volume.
16. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein the content of metal impurities is at most 10 ppm.
17. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein the content of metal impurities is at most 1 ppm.
18. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein the differential pore volume at the mode diameter (Dmax) is from 5.0 to 12.0 mlg.
19. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein the value of Q4Q3 in solid state Si-NMR is at least 1.3.
20. The silica gel according to claim 7, wherein hydrolysis of said silicon alkoxide is conducted in the absence of a template.
21. The silica gel according to claim 11, wherein hydrolysis of said silicon alkoxide is conducted in the absence of a template.
22. A silica gel which has the following characteristics:
(a) the pore volume is from 0.6 to 1.6 mlg,
(b) the specific surface area is from 300 to 900 m2g,
(c) the mode diameter (Dmax) of pores is less than 20 nm,
(d) the volume of pores having diameters within 20% of Dmax is at least 50% of the total pore volume,
(e) it is amorphous, and
(f) the content of metal impurities is at most 500 ppm.
23. The silica gel according to claim 22, wherein the pore volume is from 0.8 to 1.6 mlg.
24. The silica gel according to claim 22, wherein the specific surface area is from 400 to 900 m2g.
25. The silica gel according to claim 22, wherein the mode diameter (Dmax) is at least 2 nm.
26. The silica gel according to claim 22, wherein the volume of pores having diameters within 20% of Dmax is at least 60% of the total pore volume.
27. The silica gel according to claim 22, wherein the content of metal impurities is at most 10 ppm.
28. The silica gel according to claim 22, wherein the content of metal impurities is at most 1 ppm.
29. The silica gel according to claim 22, wherein the differential pore volume at the mode diameter (Dmax) is from 5.0 to 12.0 mlg.
30. The silica gel according to claim 22, wherein the value of Q4Q3 in solid state Si-NMR is at least 1.3.
31. The silica gel according to claim 22, which is produced by means of a step of hydrolyzing a silicon alkoxide.