Author: claimsbot

1. A system, comprising:
an antenna;
a first circuit operably connected to a first line feed and operable to provide a first signal to said antenna; and
a second circuit operably connected to a second line feed and operable to provide a second signal to said antenna, the second signal being offset in frequency from the first signal,
wherein the first line feed is separate from the second line feed, said antenna is operable to transmit a first beam corresponding to the first signal, said antenna is further operable to transmit a second beam corresponding to the second signal and partially overlapping the first beam, the second beam being offset in frequency to the first beam to thereby minimize a formation of nulls within the first beam and the second beam.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a third circuit operable to provide a third signal to said antenna, the third signal being offset in frequency from the second signal,
wherein said antenna is operable to transmit a third beam corresponding to the third signal and partially overlapping the second beam, the third beam being offset in frequency to the second beam to thereby minimize a formation of nulls within the second beam and the third beam.
3. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a first Butler matrix and a first element array collectively operable to transmit the first beam and the third beam with a first polarization.
4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
a fourth circuit operable to provide a fourth signal to said antenna, the fourth signal being offset in frequency from the third signal,
wherein said antenna is operable to transmits a fourth beam corresponding to the fourth signal and partially overlapping the third beam, the fourth beam being offset in frequency to the third beam to thereby minimize a formation of nulls within the third beam and the fourth beam.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein said antenna further includes:
a first Butler matrix and a first element array collectively operable to transmit the first beam and the third beam with a first polarization; and
a second Butler matrix and a second element array collectively operable to transmit the second beam and the fourth beam with a second polarization,
wherein the second polarization is orthogonal to the first polarization to thereby further minimize a formation of nulls within the first beam, the second beam, the third beam, and the fourth beam.
6. A system, comprising:
an antenna;
a plurality of circuits operable to provide a plurality of signals to said antenna, each of the plurality of circuits being operably connected to a separate line feed, wherein a first signal in each pair of adjacent signals is offset in frequency from a second signal in each pair of adjacent signals;
wherein said antenna is operable to transmit spatially distinct beams corresponding to the plurality of signals, and wherein a first beam in each pair of adjacent beams partially overlaps and is offset in frequency from a second beam in each pair of adjacent beams to thereby minimize a formation of nulls in the spatially distinct beams.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first line feed corresponds to the first beam and the second line feed corresponds to the second beam.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein each separate line feed corresponds to of the spatially distinct beams.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system for managing a logical network operating in a cloud compute environment, the system comprising:
at least one processor operatively connected to a memory;
a network virtualization infrastructure (NVI) component, executed by the at least one processor, configured to:
manage communication between a plurality of virtual machines;
assign globally unique logical identities to the plurality of virtual machines;
map, for each virtual machine, a respective globally unique logical identity to a physically associated network address; and
control communication within the logical network according to the globally unique logical identities.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein the NVI component is configured to map between the globally unique logical identities of the virtual machines having respective physically associated network addresses.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein the NVI component is configured to control communication within the logical network according to the globally unique logical identities at respective virtual network interface controllers (\u201cvNICs\u201d) of the plurality of virtual machines.
4. system according to claim 3, wherein the NVI component is configured to define logically unicast cables between pairs of vNICs of pairs of virtual machines in the plurality of virtual machines according to their globally unique logical identities.
5. system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a database management system (DBMS) configured to store mappings between the globally unique logical identities of the plurality of virtual machines and physically associated addresses.
6. system according to claim 5, wherein the NVI component is configured to update a respective mapping stored by the DBMS between the globally unique logical identity and the physically associated network address in response to migration of a VM to a new location which has a new physically associated network address.
7. system according to claim 5, wherein the NVI component includes a plurality of hypervisors configured to control communication between the plurality of virtual machines according to mappings accessible through the DBMS.
8. system according to claim 1, wherein the NVI component includes a plurality of hypervisors and DBMS associated with at least one or a plurality of cloud providers.
9. system according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of hypervisors are configured to:
assign resources from respective cloud providers, wherein the plurality of hypervisors assign physically associated addresses for the resources; and
maintain mappings between the globally unique logical identities of the plurality of virtual machines and the physically associated addresses.
10. system according to claim 1, further comprising a network definition component configured to accept specification of a group of virtual machines to include in a tenant logical network.
11. system according to claim 10, wherein the network definition component is configured to accept tenant specified definition of the group of virtual machines, wherein tenant specified definition includes identifying information for the group of virtual machines to be included in the tenant logical network.
12. system according to claim 3, wherein the NVI component is configured to define an exclusive communication channel over a logical unicast cable for each pair of virtual machines of the plurality of virtual machines.
13. system according to claim 12, wherein the NVI component is configured to activate or de-activate the exclusive communication channel between the pair of virtual machines.
14. system according to claim 13, wherein the NVI component is configured to activate or de-activate the exclusive communication channel according to tenant defined communication policy.
15. system according to claim 14, wherein the tenant defined communication policy includes criteria for allowing or excluding communication over respective exclusive communication channels.
16. system according to claim 1, wherein the NVI component is configured to control external communication with the plurality of virtual machines at respective vNICs of the plurality of virtual machines.
17. system according to claim 1, wherein a system accessible communication policy can specify communication criteria for external communication.
18. system according to claim 1, wherein the NVI component is configured to manage communication between a plurality of virtual machines by managing physical communication pathways between a plurality of physically associated network addresses which are mapped to respective globally unique logical identities of the respective plurality of virtual machines,
19. system according to claim 18, wherein the mapping between the globally unique logical identities of the virtual machines and physically associated network addresses is configured to use physical network addresses of the NVI.
20. system according to claim 1, wherein the NVI component includes a plurality of hypervisors and respective proxy entities, wherein the plurality of hypervisors and the respective proxy entities are configured to manage the communication between the plurality of virtual machines.
21. system according to claim 20, wherein the respective proxy entities are configured to maintain mappings between the globally unique logical identities of the plurality of virtual machines and the physically associated addresses.
22. A computer implemented method for managing a logical network operating in a cloud compute environment, the method comprising:
managing, by a computer system, communication between a plurality of virtual machines;
assigning, by the computer system, globally unique logical identities to the plurality of virtual machines;
mapping, by the computer system, for each virtual machine, a respective globally unique logical identity to a physically associated network address; and
controlling, by the computer system, communication within the logical network according to the globally unique logical identities.
23. method according to claim 22, wherein controlling communication within the logical network according to the globally unique logical identities includes controlling communication at respective virtual network interface controllers (\u201cvNICs\u201d) of the plurality of virtual machines.
24. method according to claim 23, further comprising defining logically unicast cables between pairs of vNICs of pairs of virtual machines in the plurality of virtual machines according to their globally unique logical identities.
25. method according to claim 22, further comprising storing mappings between the globally unique logical identities of the plurality of virtual machines and physically associated addresses.
26. method according to claim 25, further comprising updating a respective mapping stored by the DBMS between the globally unique logical identity and the physically associated network address in response to migration of a VM to a new location which has a new physically associated network address.
27. method according to claim 25, wherein controlling, by the computer system, communication within the logical network according to the globally unique logical identities includes controlling, by a plurality of hypervisors, communication for the plurality of virtual machines according to the mappings.
28. method according to claim 22, wherein the computer system includes a plurality of hypervisors associated with at least one or a plurality of cloud providers.
29. method according to claim 28, wherein the method further comprises:
assigning, by the plurality of hypervisors, resources from respective cloud providers, including physically associated addresses for the resources; and
maintaining, by the plurality of hypervisors, mappings between the globally unique logical identities of the plurality of virtual machines and the physically associated addresses.
30. method according to claim 22, further comprising accepting specification of a group of virtual machines to include in a tenant logical network.
31-44. (canceled)

What is claimed is:

1. A cellular communications system providing wireless communication with system users and having a wireless millimeter wave trunk line for communicating with a telephone communication office, said system comprising:
A) a plurality of cellular base stations each of said base stations serving a communication cell, each of said base stations comprising:
1) a low frequency transceiver for communicating with users within said cell at a cell phone radio frequency lower than 3 GHz,
2) a high frequency transceiver for communicating with other base stations and the communications office as a part of said trunk line at a trunk line frequency higher than 60 GHz, said high frequency transceiver having up-converting equipment for converting said cell phone radio frequency to said trunk line frequency and down-converting equipment for down converting said trunk line frequency to said cell phone frequency.

B) at least one communications telephone office high frequency transceiver operating as a part of said trunk line in communication with said plurality of high frequency transceivers and the communications office at a frequency higher than 60 GHz.
2. A cellular communication system as in claim 1 wherein each of said base station transceivers is configured to transmit to and receive from a second site through atmosphere digital information at rates in excess of 1 billion bits per second during normal weather said first transceiver comprising an antenna producing a beam having a half-power beam width of about 2 degrees or less.
3. A system as in claim 1 wherein one of said high frequency transceivers are configured to transmit at frequencies in the range of about 92.3 to 93.2 GHz and to receive information at frequencies in the range of about 94.1 to 95.0 GHz.
4. A system as in claim 1 and further comprising a back-up transceiver system operating at a data transmittal rate of less than 155 million bits per second configured continue transmittal of information between said first and second sites in the event of abnormal weather conditions.
5. A system as in claim 4 wherein said backup transceiver system is a microwave system.
6. A system as in claim 4 wherein said backup transceiver system is configured to operate in the frequency range of 10.7 to 11.7 GHz.
7. A system as in claim 4 wherein said backup transceiver system is configured to operate in the frequency range of 5.9 to 6.9 GHz.
8. A system as in claim 4 wherein said backup transceiver system is configured to operate in the frequency range of 13 to 23 GHz.
9. A system as in claim 1 wherein both said high frequency transceivers are equipped with antennas providing a gain of greater than 40 dB.
10. A system as in claim 9 wherein at least one of said antennas is a flat panel antenna.
11. A system as in claim 9 wherein at least one of said antennas is a Cassegrain antenna.
12. A system as in claim 9 wherein at least one of said antennas is a prime focus parabolic antenna.
13. A system as in claim 9 wherein at least one of said antennas is an offset parabolic antenna.
14. A system as in claim 1 wherein said high frequency transceivers are capable of transmitting and receiving at rates in excess of 1 billion bits per second and the antennas of both systems are configured to produce beam having half-power beam widths of about 0.36 degrees or less.
15. A system as in claim 1 wherein one of said high frequency transceivers are configured to transmit at frequencies in the range of about 71-76 GHz.
16. A system as in claim 1 wherein one of said high frequency transceivers are configured to transmit at frequencies in the range of about 81-86 GHz.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus comprising:
i. a first plurality of local nodes configured to receive and transmit electromagnetic radiation on at least one channel;
ii. a blind source separation element operatively interconnected to the first plurality of local nodes; and
iii. a host node configured to receive and transmit electromagnetic radiation on at least one channel, wherein the electromagnetic radiation includes a reference signal, where the host node is communicatively linked with the plurality of local nodes;
wherein the host node is configured to send a training or reference signal to the first plurality of local nodes; and wherein the first plurality of local nodes are configured to utilize the training or reference signal as a means for configuring the blind source separation unit so that the nodes can separate incoming signals and selectively isolate the incoming signals from the host node and directionally transmit data signals to and receive data signals from the host node utilizing blind beamforming techniques.
2. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first plurality of local nodes are organized into a configuration selected from the group consisting of an organized static array, an organized dynamic array, a random static array, and a random dynamic array, and wherein the first plurality of local nodes may transition from one configuration to another in real time.
3. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the host node is locally interfaced with a second plurality of nodes, and one of the first plurality of local nodes serves as a host node to the second plurality nodes.
4. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the blind source separation element is comprised of a joint approximate diagonalization of eigenmatrices independent component analysis algorithm.
5. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the identified and selectively isolated signals are routed to appropriate destinations within the first plurality of local nodes.
6. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein when the local nodes are transmitting, the separate data channels are routed to the proper nodes from the blind source separation along with correct antenna coefficients.
7. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the overhead costs for the local communication between the first plurality of local nodes is over relatively short distances.
8. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 7, wherein the first plurality of nodes communicate with one another and each node sends messages only to its nearest neighbors.
9. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the reference signal is utilized to optimize the performance of the Blind Source Separation processor; and
wherein a plurality of beamforming coefficients are developed by the first plurality of local nodes using the reference signal, and
wherein the plurality of beamforming coefficients are utilized by the first plurality of local nodes to form a virtual antenna array;
whereby the first plurality local nodes directionally receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation.
10. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein, the reference signal is optimized, such that the Blind Source Separation processor can achieve convergence quickly; and
whereby the first plurality of local nodes can adapt to changing reception patterns and relative motion effects quickly.
11. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein electromagnetic radiation containing data signal is transmitted and received until the quality of the data signals drops below a predefined threshold, at which time a new reference signal is transmitted.
12. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the reference signal is optimized, to facilitate the rapid convergence in the blind source separation element;
whereby the blind source separation element can adapt to changed communication channels and relative motion effects very quickly.
13. A cooperative mobile antenna apparatus as set forth in claim 12, wherein the optimization of the reference signals involves satisfying a number of criteria, including at least one of the following:
i. ensuring that the reference signals experiences the same environmental conditions as the data signals;
ii. providing reference signals that are statistically independent;
iii. providing reference signals that have nonzero kurtosis;
iv. providing reference signals that are locally stationary in the statistical sense;
v. providing reference signals that have low bandwidth requirements.
14. A method for forming a virtual antenna array comprising:
i. providing a first plurality of local nodes configured to receive and transmit electromagnetic radiation;
ii. providing a host node configured to receive and transmit electromagnetic radiation;
iii. providing a blind source separation element operatively interconnected to the plurality of local nodes;
wherein the host node is configured to send a training or reference signal to the plurality of local nodes; and
wherein the first plurality of local nodes are configured to utilize the training or reference signal as a means for determining their orientation and position relative to the host node so that they can identify and selectively isolate incoming signals from the host node and transmit to the host node utilizing beamforming techniques.
15. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein the first plurality of local nodes are organized, at any given time interval, in one of the following manners:
i. an organized static array;
ii. an organized dynamic array;
iii. a random static array;
iv. a random dynamic array;
wherein the dynamic arrays may transition from organized to random or from random to organized in real time.
16. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein the host node is locally interfaced with a second plurality of nodes, and one of the first plurality of local nodes serves as a host node to the second plurality nodes.
17. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein the blind source separation element is comprised of a joint approximate diagonalization of eigenmatrices independent component analysis algorithm.
18. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein the identified and selectively isolated signals are routed to appropriate destinations within the first plurality of local nodes.
19. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein when the local nodes are transmitting; the separate data channels are routed to the proper nodes from the blind source separation along with correct antenna coefficients.
20. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein the overhead costs for the local communication between the a first plurality of local nodes are small because the communication is over relatively short distances.
21. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 20, wherein node-to-node propagation communication is employed for the local communication among the a first plurality of local nodes, wherein each node sends messages only to its nearest neighbors.
22. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein the reference signal is utilized to optimize the performance of the blind source separation element and wherein a plurality of beamforming coefficients for a virtual antenna array formed by the first plurality of local nodes using the reference signal, can then be used to transmit or receive information-bearing signals.
23. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein, by utilizing optimized reference signals, and the blind source separation element can converge using a relatively small number of samples and therefore can adapt to changing reception patterns and relative motion effects very quickly.
24. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein information signals are transmitted and received until the quality of signal drops below a predefined level at which time a new reference signal block is sent.
25. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein the reference signal is optimized, to facilitate the rapid convergence of the blind source separation element;
whereby the blind source separation algorithm can adapt to changing communication channels and relative motion effects very quickly.
26. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 25, wherein the optimization of the reference signals involves satisfying a number of criteria, including at least one of the following:
1. ensuring that the references experiences the same environmental conditions as the data signals;
2. providing reference signals that are statistically independent;
3. providing reference signals that have nonzero kurtosis;
4. providing reference signals that are locally stationary in the statistical sense;
5. providing reference signals that have low bandwidth requirements.
27. A method for forming a virtual antenna array as set forth in claim 14, wherein the the nodes periodically provide updates of their relative locations and wherein after each update, a port tracking protocol is utilized to assist with blind the source separation element.