Author: claimsbot

1. A method of enhancing the effectiveness of optical brighteners in papermaking processes comprising
i) providing bleached pulp;
ii) forming an aqueous stock suspension comprising the bleached pulp;
iii) draining the stock suspension to form a sheet; and
iv) drying the sheet,

wherein about 0.0005 to about 2 weight percent, based on oven-dried pulp of one or more optical brighteners and about 0.005 to about 2 weight percent, based oven dried pulp, of one or more oxidizing agents are added to the bleached pulp, the aqueous stock suspension or onto the sheet, or any combination thereof, and wherein the ISO brightness of said bleached pulp, aqueous stock suspension or sheet increases by at least about 0.2 over the ISO brightness of bleached pulp, aqueous stock suspension or sheet treated with optical brighteners alone.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding one or more chelants to the bleached pulp, the stock suspension or on to the sheet.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the chelants are selected from the group consisting of organic phosphonates, phosphates, carboxylic acids, salts of any of the previous members, and any combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 2 wherein the optical brighteners are selected from dilsulfonated, tetrasulfonated or hexasulfonated stilbene derivatives.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the chelant is selected from the group consisting of diethylene-triamine-pentamethylene phosphonic acid (DTMPA) and salts thereof, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and salts thereof and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salts thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding one or more reducing agents to the aqueous stock suspension or onto the sheet.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of substituted phosphines, sulfites, bisulfites and metabisulfites.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agents are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxyacids, inorganic peroxides, superoxides and peroxide-superoxides, inorganic peroxyacids and salts thereof, peroxyhydrates, water-soluble organic peroxides, nitrosodisulfonates, hypochlorites, hypobromites, chlorites, chlorates, bromates, perchlorates, chlorine dioxide, chloroamines, chloroamides, chlorosulfamides, bromoamines, bromoamides, bromosulfamides, chlorosulfonic acid, bromosulfonic acid and chlorine.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agents are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, activated hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, hypochlorites, hypobromites, chloroamines, chloroamides, chlorosulfamides, bromoamines, bromoamides, bromosulfamides, chlorosulfonic acid, bromosulfonic acid.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agents and optical brighteners are added onto a wet sheet or added to the bleached pulp material in the size press.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the oxidizing agents and optical brighteners are formulated in a surface sizing solution comprising starch and added to the bleached pulp material in the size press.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is peracetic acid.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.
14. The method of claim 2 wherein about 0.05 to about 1 weight percent, based on oven-dried pulp of one or more optical brighteners and about 0.05 to about 0.25 weight percent, based oven dried pulp, of one or more oxidizing agents is added to the bleached pulp, the aqueous stock suspension or onto the sheet
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the optical brighteners are added before, after, or simultaneously with the oxidizing agents.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the optical brighteners are formulated with the oxidizing agents.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the aqueous stock suspension comprises a thick stock and a thin stock.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the oxidizing agents are added to the thick stock and the optical brighteners are added to the thin stock.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein said bleached pulp material is kraft pulp.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An optical display system, comprising:
a microdisplay having a surface; and
a light emitting device, the light emitting device including:
a multi-layer stack of materials including a light generating region, and a first layer supported by the light generating region, a surface of the first layer being configured so that the light generated by the light generating region can emerge from the light emitting device via the surface of the first layer;
wherein a ratio of an aspect ratio of the surface of the microdisplay and an aspect ratio of the surface of the first layer is from about 0.5 to about two, and
wherein the light generated by the light emitting device illuminates the surface of the microdisplay and the microdisplay is configured to project an image.
2. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the aspect ratio of the surface of the microdisplay and the aspect ratio of the surface of the first layer is from about 916 to about 169.
3. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the aspect ratio of the surface of the microdisplay and the aspect ratio of the surface of the first layer is from about 34 to about 43.
4. The optical display system of claim 1, further comprising at least one optical component disposed between the light emitting device and the microdisplay.
5. The optical display system of claim 4, wherein the at least one optical component is a lens.
6. The optical display system of claim 1, comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes.
7. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the aspect ratio of the microdisplay is selected from a group consisting of 640\xd7480, 800\xd7600, 1024\xd7700, 1024\xd7768, 1024\xd7720, 1280\xd7720, 1280\xd7768, 1280\xd7960, 1920\xd71080 and 1280\xd71064.
8. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein a shape of the surface of the microdisplay is rectangular, circular, trapezoidal, triangular, square, elliptical, or hexagonal.
9. The optical display system of claim 8, wherein a shape of the surface of the first layer is rectangular, circular, trapezoidal, triangular, square, elliptical, or hexagonal.
10. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein a shape of the surface of the first layer is rectangular, circular, trapezoidal, triangular, square, elliptical, or hexagonal.
11. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein a shape of the surface of the microdisplay is rectangular and a shape of the surface of the first layer is rectangular.
12. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein a shape of the surface of the microdisplay is square and a shape of the surface of the first layer is square.
13. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting device is a non-lambertian light emitting device.
14. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting device is a photonic lattice light emitting device.
15. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the surface of the first layer has a dielectric function that varies spatially according to a pattern, and the pattern has an ideal lattice constant and a detuning parameter with a value greater than zero.
16. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the surface of the first layer has a dielectric function that varies spatially according to a nonperiodic pattern.
17. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the surface of the first layer has a dielectric function that varies spatially according to a complex periodic pattern.
18. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting device is selected from the group consisting of light emitting diodes, lasers, optical amplifiers, and combinations thereof.
19. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting device comprises a light emitting diode.
20. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting device is selected from the group consisting of OLEDs, flat surface-emitting LEDs, HBLEDs, and combinations thereof.
21. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein a shape of the light emerging from the light emitting device is substantially the same as a shape of the microdisplay.
22. The optical display system of claim 1, further comprising a contact disposed on an area around a perimeter of the surface of the first layer.
23. The optical display system of claim 22, wherein the contact area is matched to an area outside an area imaged on the microdisplay by the light emitting device.
24. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the aspect ratio of the surface of the microdisplay and the aspect ratio of the surface of the first layer is about one.
25. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the optical display system is configured to be used in a rear projector.
26. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the optical display system is configured to be used in a rear projection television.
27. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the optical display system is configured to be used in a front projector.
28. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the optical display system is configured to be used in a home theatre system.
29. The optical display system of claim 1, wherein the optical display system is configured to be used in a portable projector.
30. The optical display system of claim 4, wherein the microdisplay, the light emitting device and the optical component are positioned so that, during use, an image plane of the system does not coincide with a surface of the microdisplay illuminated by light emitted by the light emitting device.

1. A microfluidics chip comprising:
a) a first wafer having a patterned top surface;
b) a first polymeric barrier film in close conformity with the patterned top surface of the first wafer;
c) a second polymeric barrier film having some portions that are adjacent the first polymeric barrier film and some portions that are positioned away from the first polymeric film, forming a fluid flow channel between the first and second polymeric barrier films; and
d) a second wafer having a surface adjacent the second polymeric barrier film.
2. The microfluidics chip of claim 1 wherein the first wafer patterned top surface comprises:
a) a feed reservoir;
b) a laminar fluid channel connected on one end to the feed reservoir; and
c) a product reservoir connected to the feed reservoir via the laminar flow channel.
3. The microfluidics chip of claim 1 comprising electronically conducting features.
4. The microfluidics chip of claim 1 comprising heat conducting elements.
5. The microfluidics chip of claim 1 wherein the first and second polymeric barrier films each comprise polymers independently selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polymers and elastomeric polymers.
6. The microfluidics chip of claim 5 wherein the polymer comprising each polymeric barrier film is a thermoplastic polymer.
7. The microfluidics chip of claim 1 wherein the polymer comprising each polymeric barrier film is an elastomer.
8. The microfluidics chip of claim 1 wherein the surface of the second wafer adjacent the second polymeric barrier film is a patterned surface.
9. The microfluidics chip of claim 8 wherein the patterned surface of the first wafer corresponds with the patterned surface of the second wafer.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A programming method for a memory, comprising:
providing a data;
performing a parity generation to obtain an error-correcting code (ECC); and
programming the memory to record the data and the error-correcting code;
wherein the data is transformed before performing the parity generation, such that a hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the data to be performed the parity generation is 1, and
the error-correcting code resulted from the parity generation is transformed after performing the parity generation, such that the hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the error-correcting code resulted from the parity generation is 1.
2. The programming method for the memory according to claim 1, wherein the memory includes an array of multilevel cells (MLC).
3. The programming method for the memory according to claim 1, wherein the codes in the data to be performed the parity generation are transformed according to a gray code system.
4. The programming method for the memory according to claim 1, wherein the codes in the error-correcting code resulted from the parity generation are transformed according to a gray code system.
5. A reading method for a memory, comprising:
reading a data and an error-correcting code recorded in the memory;
performing a syndrome generation on the data; and
performing a correction on the data according to an output of the syndrome generation;
wherein the data is transformed before performing the syndrome generation, such that a hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the data to be performed the syndrome generation is 1, and
the data outputted from the correction is transformed, such that the hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the data outputted from the correction is 1.
6. The reading method for the memory according to claim 5, wherein the memory includes an array of multilevel cells (MLC).
7. The reading method for the memory according to claim 5, wherein the codes in the data to be performed the syndrome generation are transformed according to a gray code system.
8. The reading method for the memory according to claim 5, wherein the codes in the data outputted from the correction are transformed according to a gray code system.
9. The reading method for the memory according to claim 5, wherein the error-correcting code is transformed before performing the syndrome generation, such that the hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the error-correcting code to be performed the syndrome generation is 1.
10. The reading method for the memory according to claim 5, wherein the codes in the error-correcting code to be performed the syndrome generation are transformed according to a gray code system.
11. An operating system for programming a memory, comprising:
an inputting unit for providing a data;
a parity generation unit for performing a parity generation to obtain an error-correcting code (ECC); and
a transforming unit for transforming the data before performing the parity generation, such that a hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the data to be performed the parity generation is 1,
wherein the transforming unit is further for transforming the error-correcting code resulted from the parity generation after performing the parity generation, such that the hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the error-correcting code resulted from the parity generation is 1.
12. The operating system according to claim 11, wherein the memory includes an array of multilevel cells (MLC).
13. The operating system according to claim 11, wherein the transforming unit transforms the codes in the data to be performed the parity generation according to a gray code system.
14. The operating system according to claim 11, wherein the transforming unit transforms the codes in the error-correcting code resulted from the parity generation according to a gray code system.
15. The operating system according to claim 11, wherein the operating system is further reading the memory, and the operating system further comprises:
a reading unit for reading the data and the error-correcting code recorded in the memory;
a syndrome generation unit for performing a syndrome generation on the data; and
a correction unit for performing a correction on the data according to an output of the syndrome generation;
wherein the transforming unit further transforms the data before performing the syndrome generation, such that the hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the data to be performed the syndrome generation is 1.
16. The operating system according to claim 15, wherein the transforming unit transforms the codes in the data to be performed the syndrome generation according to a gray code system.
17. The operating system according to claim 15, wherein the transforming unit is further for transforming the data outputted from the correction, such that the hamming distance between two codes corresponding to two adjacent threshold voltage states in the data outputted from the correction is 1.