Author: claimsbot

1. An apparatus for manipulating samples comprising:
an ultrasonic transducer array formed by forming a plurality of top and bottom electrodes on a top and a bottom surface of a sensor plate,
the ultrasonic transducer array being configured to generate ultrasonic energy to manipulate a plurality of samples,
the plurality of top and bottom electrodes being conductively coupled to a radio frequency source,
each of the plurality of top and bottom electrodes forming a solid shape, and
a binary Fresnel lens being formed on each of the top electrodes.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sensor plate comprises a piezoelectric material, and wherein the plurality of top and bottom electrodes comprises electrically conductive material.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a well plate including at least one of:
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate,
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate, wherein each well of the plurality of wells is shaped to form a binary Fresnel lens, and
a plurality of binary Fresnel lenses created on a bottom surface of the well plate.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the ultrasonic transducer array is coupled to the well plate via a coupling medium comprising a fluid, and wherein a coupling between the transducer and the well plate is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including an operating power level.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency source generates signals in a frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 1000 MHz.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an attribute of an ultrasonic excitation created within a sample is controllable, the attribute including at least one of an intensity of the ultrasonic energy, a lateral component of an ultrasonic field, and an axial thrust of the ultrasonic field.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein at least one attribute of the ultrasonic excitation is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including at least one of an operating, frequency and an operating power level.
8. An apparatus for manipulating samples comprising:
an ultrasonic transducer array formed by forming a plurality of top and bottom electrodes on a top and a bottom surface of a sensor plate,
the ultrasonic transducer array being configured to generate ultrasonic energy to manipulate a plurality of samples,
the plurality of top and bottom electrodes being conductively coupled to a radio frequency source, and
each of the plurality of top and bottom electrodes forming a pattern, the pattern comprising a sector of a plurality of concentric rings.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sensor plate comprises a piezoelectric material, and wherein the plurality of top and bottom electrodes comprises electrically conductive material.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sector comprises a central angle, the central angle including all angles between 0 and 360 degrees.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein curvatures of the plurality of concentric rings transform as radii of the rings increase, the curvature transformation including changing from circular curvature to one of an elliptical, a hyperbolic, or a parabolic curvature.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the curvature transformation depends on the central angle.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, further comprising a well plate including at least one of:
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate,
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate, wherein each well of the plurality of wells is shaped to form a binary Fresnel lens, and
a plurality of binary Fresnel lenses created on a bottom surface of the well plate.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the ultrasonic transducer array is coupled to the well plate via a coupling medium comprising a fluid, and wherein a coupling between the transducer and the well plate is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including an operating power level.
15. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the radio frequency source generates signals in a frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 1000 MHz.
16. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein an attribute of an ultrasonic excitation created within a sample is controllable, the attribute including at least one of an intensity of the ultrasonic energy, a lateral component of an ultrasonic field, and an axial thrust of the ultrasonic field.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein at least one attribute of the ultrasonic excitation is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including at least one of an operating frequency and an operating power level.
18. An apparatus for manipulating samples comprising:
an ultrasonic transducer array formed by forming a plurality of top and bottom electrodes on a top and a bottom surface of a sensor plate, the ultrasonic transducer array being configured to generate ultrasonic energy to manipulate a plurality of samples, the plurality of top and bottom electrodes being conductively coupled to a radio frequency source, and each of the plurality of top and bottom electrodes forming one of a solid shape or a pattern; and
a well plate including at least one of:
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate,
a plurality of wells on a top surface of the well plate, wherein each well of the plurality of wells is shaped to form a binary Fresnel lens, and
a plurality of binary Fresnel lenses created on a bottom surface of the well plate.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the sensor plate comprises a piezoelectric material, and wherein the plurality of top and bottom electrodes comprises electrically conductive material.
20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein each of the top and bottom electrodes forms a pattern, the pattern comprising a sector of a plurality of concentric rings, the sector comprising a central angle, and the central angle including all angles between 0 and 360 degrees.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein curvatures of the plurality of concentric rings transform as radii of the rings increase, the curvature transformation including changing from circular curvature to one of an elliptical, a hyperbolic, or a parabolic curvature.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the curvature transformation depends on the central angle.
23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the ultrasonic transducer array is coupled to the well plate via a coupling medium comprising a fluid, and wherein a coupling between the transducer and the well plate is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including an operating power level.
24. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the radio frequency source generates signals a frequency range of 0.1 MHz to 1000 MHz.
25. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein an attribute of an ultrasonic excitation created within a sample is controllable, the attribute including at least one of an intensity of the ultrasonic energy, a lateral component of an ultrasonic field, and an axial thrust of the ultrasonic field.
26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein at least one attribute of the ultrasonic excitation is controlled by changing an operating attribute of the radio frequency source including at least one of an operating frequency and an operating power level.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A transmission circuit, comprising:
an amplitude shift modulation circuit that changes an amplitude of carrier waves based on transmission data; and
a phase control circuit that changes a phase of the carrier waves based on the transmission data.
2. The transmission circuit according to claim 1,
wherein the phase control circuit changes the phase of the carrier waves such that a peak level of a carrier wave component on a frequency axis is lowered.
3. The transmission circuit according to claim 2,
wherein the phase control circuit changes the phase of the carrier waves for each bit of the transmission data.
4. The transmission circuit according to claim 3,
wherein the phase control circuit randomly switches the phase with respect to the bit of the transmission data.
5. The transmission circuit according to claim 3,
wherein the phase control circuit alternately switches the phase with respect to Logic 1 or Logic 0 of the transmission data.
6. The transmission circuit according to claim 2,
wherein the phase control circuit changes the phase of the carrier waves for each gathering of Logics 1 or Logics 0 of the transmission data.
7. The transmission circuit according to claim 6,
wherein the phase control circuit randomly switches the phase with respect to the gathering of Logics 1 or Logics 0 of the transmission data.
8. The transmission circuit according to claim 6,
wherein the phase control circuit alternately switches the phase with respect to the gathering of Logics 1 or Logics 0 of the transmission data.
9. The transmission circuit according to claim 6,
wherein the phase control circuit switches the phase such that an emergence count of +(0 degree) becomes equal to that of \u2212(180 degrees) with respect to the gathering of Logics 1 or Logics 0 of the transmission data.
10. The transmission method according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier wave is a high-frequency signal.
11. The transmission method according to claim 10,
wherein the high-frequency signal is a millimeter waveband signal.
12. A transmission method, comprising:
changing, in transmitting transmission data using an amplitude shift modulation method for changing an amplitude of carrier waves based on the transmission data, a phase of the carrier waves based on the transmission data.
13. The transmission method according to claim 12,
wherein the carrier wave is a high-frequency signal.
14. The transmission method according to claim 13,
wherein the high-frequency signal is a millimeter waveband signal.
15. A transmission system, comprising:
a transmission circuit; and
a reception circuit that receives a signal transmitted from the transmission circuit,
the transmission circuit including
an amplitude shift modulation circuit that changes an amplitude of carrier waves based on transmission data, and
a phase control circuit that changes a phase of the carrier waves based on the transmission data.
16. The transmission system according to claim 15,
wherein the carrier wave is a high-frequency signal.
17. The transmission system according to claim 16,
wherein the high-frequency signal is a millimeter waveband signal.

1. A display apparatus comprising:
a first base substrate;
pixel electrodes disposed on the first base substrate;
a second base substrate which faces the first base substrate;
color pixels disposed on the second base substrate, the color pixels corresponding to the pixel electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, each color pixel partially covering the corresponding pixel electrode;
a common electrode disposed on the second base substrate to cover the color pixels; and
an electrophoretic layer including a plurality of electrophoretic particles, the electrophoretic layer being interposed between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode.
2. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color pixels comprise at least one color pixel having different areas.
3. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the color pixels comprise red, green and blue pixels, the red, green and blue pixels correspond to the pixel electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence.
4. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the red, green and blue pixels have a same thickness.
5. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the red, green and blue pixels have different areas.
6. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the green pixel has a smaller area than an area of each of the red and blue pixels, and the blue pixel has a larger area than an area of each of the red and green pixels.
7. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein first, second and third holes are respectively formed in the red, green and blue pixels.
8. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein sizes of the first to third holes are inversely proportional to the areas of the color pixels.
9. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the red, green and blue pixels intersect centers of the corresponding pixel electrodes and the red, green and blue pixels are spaced apart from one another.
10. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color pixel includes a smaller cross-sectional width than the corresponding pixel electrode.
11. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrophoretic particles comprise a plurality of black particles and a plurality of white particles having a different polarity than a polarity of the plurality of black particles.
12. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the color pixels is positioned within an area of a corresponding pixel electrode when viewed from a plan view.
13. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein each of the color pixels is positioned at a central portion of the area of the corresponding pixel electrode.
14. A display apparatus comprising:
a first base substrate;
pixel electrodes disposed on the first base substrate;
a second base substrate which faces the first base substrate;
a plurality of color pixels disposed on the second base substrate corresponding to the pixel electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of color pixels extend in a same direction to partially cover the corresponding pixel electrodes; and
a common electrode disposed on the second base substrate to cover the color pixels.
15. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein a region between two adjacent color pixels is opened so as to expose the second base substrate.
16. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein the color pixels comprise at least one color pixel having different areas.
17. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the color pixels comprise red, green and blue pixels, the red, green and blue pixels correspond to the pixel electrodes a in one-to-one correspondence.
18. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein the red, green and blue pixels have a same thickness.
19. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 18, wherein the red, green and blue pixels have different areas.
20. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the green pixel has a smaller area than an area of each of the red and blue pixels, and the blue pixel has a larger area than an area of each of the red and green pixels.
21. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further comprising an electrophoretic layer including a plurality of electrophoretic particles, the electrophoretic layer being interposed between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode.
22. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein the plurality of electrophoretic particles comprise a plurality of black particles and a plurality of white particles having a different polarity than a polarity of the plurality of black particles.
23. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a liquid crystal layer interposed between the common electrode and the pixel electrodes.
24. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 14, further comprising an overcoat layer disposed between the color pixels and the common electrode.
25. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
disposing pixel electrodes on a first base substrate;
disposing color pixels on a second base substrate, the second base substrate faces the first base substrate;
disposing a common electrode on the second base substrate to cover the color pixels; and
disposing an electrophoretic layer including a plurality of electrophoretic particles between the pixel electrodes and the common electrode,
wherein the color pixels correspond to the pixel electrodes in a one-to-one correspondence, each color pixel partially covers the corresponding pixel electrode.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A drive system for an LED display panel having a multiplicity of LED pixels arranged in rows and columns, each of said LED pixels having a drive transistor that includes a gate, a source and a drain and an LED coupled to said drive transistor, comprising:
a gate driver having at least one address cell providing a single gate driver output for multiple rows of pixels of said display panel,
a gate driver multiplexer and a demultiplexer that includes multiple switch blocks coupled to the gate driver and controllably coupling said single gate driver output to said multiple rows of pixels in sequence so that whenever a selected one of said multiple rows is connected to said single gate driver output, all the other said multiple rows are disconnected from said single-game driver output.
2. A display system according to claim 1, wherein the gate driver output unit comprises:
at least one multiplexer, the multiplexer for multiplexing driver signals to provide the single gate driver output.
3. A display system according to claim 2, wherein the panel comprises:
a demultiplexer having a plurality of switch blocks for activating the first lines, each switch block receiving outputs from the at least one multiplexer.