Author: claimsbot

1. An air conditioner, comprising:
a compressor configured to compress refrigerant;
a condenser configured to perform exchange heat with refrigerant received from the compressor;
an expansion device configured to decompress refrigerant passing through the condenser;
an evaporator configured to perform heat exchange with refrigerant decompressed by the expansion device, wherein at least one of the condenser or the evaporator comprises:
at least one heat exchange tube formed of an aluminum material and configured to guide refrigerant therethrough; and
at least one fin coupled to the at least one heat exchange tube, the at least one fin being formed of the same material as that of the heat exchange tube; and

a plurality of refrigerant tubes connecting the compressor, the condenser, the expansion device and the evaporator to guide refrigerant therebetween, wherein at least one of the plurality of refrigerant tubes comprises a combination tube in which an aluminum tube and a copper tube are coupled.
2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of connectors provided between the condenser and the evaporator, wherein refrigerant tubes connecting the evaporator and the plurality of connectors are combination tubes in which and aluminum tube and a copper tube are coupled.
3. The air conditioner of claim 2, further comprising:
a service valve that guides refrigerant from the expansion device to the evaporator or that guides refrigerant from the evaporator to the compressor; and
a copper tube connected between the service valve and one of the plurality of connectors.
4. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein one of the plurality of refrigerant tubes extends between the condenser and the expansion device, and wherein the refrigerant tube extending between the condenser and the expansion device is a combination tube.
5. The air conditioner of claim 4, further comprising a refrigerant injector that injects refrigerant into the plurality of refrigerant tubes, wherein the refrigerant injector is provided at the copper tube of the combination tube.
6. The air conditioner of claim 1, further comprising a distributor provided at the condenser or the evaporator to distribute refrigerant to the corresponding at least one heat exchange tube, wherein the distributor is formed of an aluminum material.
7. The air conditioner of claim 1, wherein the combination tube further comprises:
a welding layer provided between the aluminum tube and the copper tube; and
a coupling tube provided at an outside of the aluminum tube and the copper tube.
8. The air conditioner of claim 7, wherein an end of the copper tube is received in a corresponding end of the aluminum tube such that the welding layer is provided between an outer circumferential surface of the copper tube and an inner circumferential surface of the corresponding end of the aluminum tube.
9. The air conditioner of claim 1, further comprising a coupling tube that couples the aluminum tube and the copper tube, wherein the coupling tube comprises:
a first metal tube formed of the same material as that of the aluminum tube; and
a second metal tube formed of the same material as that of the copper tube.
10. The air conditioner of claim 9, wherein the aluminum tube and the copper tube are aligned end to end with a space formed between corresponding ends, and wherein the first metal tube surrounds the aluminum tube and does not directly contact the copper tube, and the second metal tube surrounds the copper tube and does not directly contact the aluminum tube.
11. The air conditioner of claim 10, further comprising:
a seal that surrounds the first and second metal tubes; and
an adhesive layer provided between the first and second metal tubes and the seal.
12. An air conditioner, comprising:
a plurality of components; and
a refrigerant tube configured to connect the plurality of components to form a refrigerant cycle therebetween, one of the plurality of components comprising a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger comprising:
a heat exchange tube formed of a metal material; and
at least one fin coupled to the heat exchange tube and formed of the same material as that of the heat exchange tube, wherein at least a portion of the heat exchange tube is defined by a portion of the refrigerant tube, and at least a portion of the refrigerant tube comprises an aluminum tube.
13. The air conditioner of claim 12, wherein the refrigerant tube further comprises:
a copper tube; and
a coupling tube configured to connect the aluminum tube and the copper tube.
14. The air conditioner of claim 13, wherein corresponding ends of the aluminum tube and the copper tube are received in the coupling tube, with a gap formed between the corresponding ends of the aluminum tube and the copper tube.
15. The air conditioner of claim 14, further comprising:
a seal provided around the coupling tube, wherein the seal prevents permeation of moisture into the aluminum tube or the copper tube; and
an adhesive layer provided between the seal and the coupling tube.
16. The air conditioner of claim 15, wherein the seal heat shrink seal that presses the coupling tube toward the aluminum tube and the copper tube.
17. The air conditioner of claim 12, wherein the refrigerant tube further comprises:
a copper tube; and
an welding layer provided between an inner circumferential surface of the aluminum tube and an outer circumferential surface of the copper tube to fix the aluminum tube and the copper tube.
18. The air conditioner of claim 17, wherein the copper tube is inserted into the aluminum tube, and the welding layer is provided in a gap formed along an overlap length of the copper and aluminum tubes, and wherein the welding layer protrudes out along the outer circumferential surface of the copper tube beyond the end of the aluminum tube.
19. The air conditioner of claim 17, wherein the copper tube is inserted into the aluminum tube such that an overlap of the copper tube and the aluminum tube is greater than or equal to 9 mm, with the welding layer positioned therebetween.
20. The air conditioner of claim 17, wherein one of the aluminum tube or the copper tube comprises:
a main tube body that defines a refrigerant flow passage; and
an enlarged tube body formed at an end of the main tube body, wherein a diameter of the enlarged tube body is greater than that of the main tube body, wherein the other of the aluminum tube or the copper tube is coupled to the enlarged tube body.
21. The air conditioner of claim 17, further comprising a cover provided around the aluminum tube and the copper tube to prevent permeation of moisture.
22. The air conditioner of claim 12, wherein the heat exchange tube comprises a plurality of heat exchange tubes, and the air conditioner further comprises a distributor to distribute refrigerant to the plurality of heat exchange tubes, wherein the distributor comprises a first welding area to which a copper tube is connected and a second welding area to which the aluminum tube is connected, and wherein the first and second welding areas are spaced apart from each other by a distance of greater than or equal to 30 mm.
23. The air conditioner of claim 12, wherein the aluminum tube comprises a bent portion having a preset radius of curvature, wherein the preset radius of curvature of the bent portion is greater than twice a diameter of the aluminum tube, and wherein a thickness of the aluminum tube is greater than 0.1 times the diameter of the aluminum tube.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An established segregated area having support means and is created within a: reactor basin for treating of polluted waste water in which a mixed liquid and solids of a biological nature enter into said segregated area from the said reactor basin via a hydraulic communication means and said solids floc to settle out of the said liquid and return back to said reactor basin via gravity and non-mechanical hydraulic communication means while said liquid enters at least one filtration means for purification prior to said liquid exiting the segregated area and reactor basin as a purified water.
2. The segregated area of claim 1 may be referred to as a biological filtration module.
3. The biological filtration module of claim 1 offers accelerated clarification utilizing an plate clarification technology of a pro-pack media unit having a 60% sloped passages to cause enhanced clarification to occur allowing for a reduction of conventional industry standard settle rate time periods of at least five (5\xd7) times.
4. The biological filtration module of claim 1 which offers sufficient liquid solids separation to allow incorporation of filtration means through which the liquid passes to be of a non-pollutant nature as a new water resource of a minimum quality of 100% removal of colloids and particulates larger than 10 nano meters, turbidity less than 0.1 NTU, over log 6 removal of (99.9999%) of bacteria, over log 4 removal of (99.9999%) of viruses and removal of large molecular weight organic compounds (above 1000,000 Daltons) before exiting said reactor so as to eliminate any discharge of said pollutants, this resulting in a produced water that meets the treated drinking water quality standards of the published United States Environmental protection Agency’s Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG) prior to exiting said reactor.
5. The biological filtration module of claim 1 which activated sludge is return back to the reactor basin requiring no mechanical assistance.
6. The biological filtration module of claim 1 which will prevent overflow of process solids and process biomass out of a reactor basin during peak hydraulic flow periods such as a storm flow thereby keeping the process biomass retained within the reactor basin during said storm flow periods thereby providing for the immediate continued treatment of the incoming waste water following the said storm flow period.
7. A biological filtration module of claim 1 for use within a reactor tank associated with a wastewater treatment system comprising: a container module having side walls; an enclosed top section; an open ended bottom section; and support means; said container module having therein at least one pro-pack biological filtration unit, said pro-pack biological filtration unit having a cone-shaped cap attached thereon, said cone-shaped cap providing an internal passage, said internal passage having an open end for delivering a clarified water there through and into a conduit,
whereby:
when a mixed liquor contained with a reactor tank is directed in it flows upwardly into said container module via said open bottom section, said mixed liquor is then directed into said pro-pack biological filtration unit, said mixed liquor is then clarified and filtered therein by attached growth biological filtration, namely, solid liquid separation is incurred as the solids due to biological growth and reaction accumulate thereon within said pro-pack biological filtration unit until gravity causes said solids to fall returning back to the reactor basin, simultaneously mixed liquid is forced into said pro-pack resulting in clarified water which is then diverted into said internal passage and then delivered to said conduit for further processing.
8. The biological filtration module of claim 7 is suited for retrofit and is usable with any pre-existing wastewater treatment system having an aeration basin.
9. The biological filtration module of claim 7 is integrally formed within said reactor basin utilizing at least one reactor basin wall.
10. The biological filtration module of claim 7 wherein said further processing includes a micro-filter having a solids outlet and a supernatant outlet,
whereby:
said micro-filter extracts all particulate matter greater than the micron size of a filter selected, said solids may then be directed back via said solids outlet into said reactor or to a solids management source and said supernatant which is now treated and micro filtered exits said module via said supernatant outlet.
11. The biological filtration module of claim 7 wherein said further processing includes a micro-filter having a solids outlet and a supernatant outlet, whereby:
said micro-filter extracts all particulate matter greater than the micron size of a filter selected, said solids may then be directed back via said solids outlet into said reactor or to a solids management source and said supernatant which is now treated and micro filtered passes through a ultra violet purification channel and then exits said module via said supernatant outlet.
12. A biological filtration module for use within a reactor tank associated with a wastewater treatment system comprising: a container module having side walls; an open top section; an open ended bottom section; and support means; said module having therein at least one pro-pack biological filtration unit
whereby:
when a mixed liquor contained with a reactor tank is directed in from bottom section, it flows upwardly into said module via said open bottom section, said mixed liquor is then directed into said pro-pack biological filtration unit, said mixed liquor is then clarified and filtered therein by attached growth biological filtration, namely, solid liquid separation is incurred as the solids due to biological growth and reaction accumulate thereon within said pro-pack biological filtration unit until gravity causes said solids to fall, simultaneously mixed liquid is forced into said pro-pack resulting in clarified water which is then diverted into said internal passage and then delivered to said conduit for further processing by a micro-filter and said micro-filter having a solids outlet and a supernatant outlet,
whereby:
said micro-filter extracts all particulate matter greater than the micron size of a filter selected, said solids may then be directed back via said solids outlet into said reactor or to a solids management source and said supernatant which is now treated and micro filtered exits said module via said supernatant outlet,
whereby:
said biological filtration module providing a process of initiating clarificationparticle management within said reactor which is not subject to disruption from the aeration process occurring within said reactor and provides for sludge return as a result of said particle management eliminating any need for a mechanical or mechanically motivated means, wherein this allows for a reduction of industry standard overflow rates of at least five (5\xd7), said particle management prevents particle from exiting said reactor during excessive storm flow periods thus prevents passing of pollutants to a controlled level of 100% removal of colloids and particulates larger than 10 nano meters, turbidity less than 0.1 NTU, over log 6 removal of (99.9999%) of bacteria, over log 4 removal of (99.9999%) of viruses and removal of large molecular weight organic compounds (above 1000,000 Daltons) before exiting said reactor so as to eliminate any discharge of said pollutants, this resulting in a reclaimed and purified water that meets the treated drinking water quality standards of the published United States Environmental protection Agency’s Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG) prior to exiting said reactor.
13. A biological filtration module for use within a reactor tank associated with a wastewater treatment system comprising: a container module having side walls; an open top section; an open ended bottom section; and support legs; said container module having therein at least one pro-pack biological filtration unit, said pro-pack biological filtration unit having a cone-shaped cap attached thereon, said cone-shaped cap providing an internal passage, said internal passage having an open end for delivering a clarified water there through and into a conduit,
whereby:
when a mixed liquor contained with a reactor tank is directed in between said support legs it flows upwardly into said container module via said open bottom section, said mixed liquor is then directed into said pro-pack biological filtration unit, said mixed liquor is then clarified and filtered therein by attached growth biological filtration, namely, solid liquid separation is incurred as the solids due to biological growth and reaction accumulate thereon within said pro-pack biological filtration unit until gravity causes said solids to fall, simultaneously mixed liquid is forced into said pro-pack resulting in clarified water which is then diverted into said internal passage and then delivered to said conduit for further processing by a micro-filter and said micro-filter having a solids outlet and a supernatant outlet,
whereby:
said micro-filter extracts all particulate matter greater than the micron size of a filter selected, said solids may then be directed back via said solids outlet into said reactor or to a solids management source and said supernatant which is now treated and micro filtered exits said module via said supernatant outlet,
whereby:
said biological filtration module providing a process of initiating clarificationparticle management within said reactor which is not subject to disruption from the aeration process occurring within said reactor and provides for sludge return as a result of said particle management eliminating any need for a mechanical or mechanically motivated means, wherein this allows for a reduction of industry standard overflow rates of at least five (5\xd7), said particle management prevents particle from exiting said reactor during excessive storm flow periods thus prevents passing of pollutants to a controlled level of 100% removal of colloids and particulates larger than 10 nano meters, turbidity less than 0.1 NTU, over log 6 removal of (99.9999%) of bacteria, over log 4 removal of (99.9999%) of viruses and removal of large molecular weight organic compounds (above 1000,000 Daltons) before exiting said reactor so as to eliminate any discharge of said pollutants, this resulting in a process that meets the limit for treated drinking water quality standards of the published United States Environmental protection Agency’s Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG) prior to exiting said reactor thus producing reclaimed and purified water, a resource of value, which may be used for all beneficial uses common for any other treated water for potable household domestic uses.

We claim:

1. Arrangement for making textured film solid cleanser holders comprising a solid cleanser feed conveyor horizontally rotatably mounted on a first frame work and provided with a plurality of spaced solid cleanser holding pockets along the length thereof, a film feeding unit comprising a film unwind top roll and a film unwind bottom roll rotatably mounted on a stand at the feed end of the feed conveyor, a solid cleanser holder forming unit comprising a pair of horizontally contrarotatable conveyors disposed spaced one below the other and mounted on a second framework which is located close to the discharge end of the feed conveyor, a solid cleanser holder sealing unit, a solid cleanser holder cutting unit, a film scoring unit and a horizontally rotatable waste film carrying conveyor mounted on the second frame work in tandem with the solid cleanser holder forming unit and a plurality of film tensioning rollers and a plurality of film pulling units provided in the path of the textured film and an intermittent differential drive unit connected to the feed conveyor, contra-rotatable conveyors film scoring unit, waste film carrying conveyor and film pulling units.
2. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the solid cleanser holding pockets comprises a pair of spaced upright members fitted across the length of the feed conveyor and the first framework is provided with a flat protrusion at the discharge end of the feed conveyor extending to the feed end of the contrarotatable conveyors.
3. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the film lamination units comprises a first pneumatic cylinder mounted on the top horizontal member of a first supporting structure and having a first piston reciprocating therein, the first piston rod protruding down from the first cylinder through the top horizontal member of the first supporting structure, the cylinder side and piston side of the first cylinder being connected to a pneumatic supply through a 5-port 2 position solenoid operated direction control valve, a movable laminator plate fitted to a first guide plate which in turn is fitted to the protruding end of the first piston rod up and down slidably engaged over guide rods of the first supporting structure, a stationary die plate fitted at the base of the first supporting structure aligned with the movable die plate, the movable die plate and stationary die plate having formed with the sockets corresponding to the size of the solid cleanser holders and provided with electric heating elements connected to an AC supply through thermostat and temperature.
4. Arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein the electric heating elements comprise electric conductors.
5. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid cleanser holder cutting unit comprises a second pneumatic cylinder mounted on the top horizontal member of a second supporting structure and having a second piston reciprocating therein, the second piston reciprocating therein, the second piston rod protruding down from the second cylinder through the top horizontal member of the second supporting structure, the cylinder side and piston side of the second cylinder being connected to the pneumatic supply through a 5-port 2-position solenoid operated direction control valve, a movable punch plate fitted to a third guide plate which in turn is fitted to the protruding end of the second piston rod and up and down slidably engaged over guide rod of the second supporting structure, the movable punch plate being provided with a film retainer flange at the front side, the film retainer flange being movably held tension spring stressed, a stationary die plate fitted at the base of the second supporting structure aligned with a movable punch plate, the movable punch plate and corresponding stationary die plate having formed with die cavities larger the die sockets in the movable die plate and corresponding stationary die plate registering with the profiles of the edges or frills of the solid cleanser, the bottom of the die cavity in the stationary die plate being open and the base of the third supporting structure being provided with a corresponding opening therethrough.
6. Arrangement as claimed in claim 5, wherein the punch plate is provided with a pair of holes defining neck portions, a pair of screw members each being movably disposed in each of the holes with the heads of the screw members adapted to abut against then shoulders of the neck portions, the film retainer flange being in thread engagement with the edges of the screw members and tension spring stressed against the movable punch plate.
7. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the film scoring unit comprises an anvil roller whose shaft is rotatably supported in a pair of first vertical oblong slots provided in a pair of spaced first vertical side plates of a third supporting structure, a rotary disc cutter disposed across and close to the anvil roller and fitted on a shaft rotatably height adjustably mounted in the first vertical oblong slots in the first vertical side plates and stressed by tension springs in abutment with the edges of first setting screws secured through the top horizontal member of the fourth supporting structure in thread engagement therewith and provided with first lock nuts.
8. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the film pulling units comprises a pair of horizontally contrarotatable rollers disposed one below the other in contact and having their shafts rotatably mounted in a second pair of second vertical oblong slots provided in a pair of spaced second vertical side plates of a fifth supporting structure, the top roller being height adjustable with second setting screws secured through the top horizontal member of the fourth supporting structure in thread engagement therewith, the edges of the second setting screws being provided with second lock nuts.
9. Arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the intermittent differential drive unit comprises a geared motor connected to the feed conveyor, contrarotatable conveyors, film scoring unit, waste film carrying conveyor and film pulling units through sprockets and chains and gears and a 6-station. Geneva drive, in which the teeth ratio of the sprocket on the geared motor shaft to the sprocket on the Geneva driver shaft in 2:3 and the teeth ratio of the sprocket on the geared motor shaft to each of the sprockets of the feed conveyor, contrarotatable conveyors, film scoring unit, waste film carrying conveyor and each of the film pulling units is 1:1 and the teeth ratio of the gears of the shafts of the film scoring unit and each pulling unit is 1:1.
10. Arrangement for making textured film solid cleanser holders substantially as herein described particularly with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18 of the accompanying drawings.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A centrifuge and disposable combination for centrifugally separating a composite fluid into component parts thereof comprising
a rotor comprising
a plurality of composite fluid containmentseparation areas, each fluid containmentseparation area comprising
a composite fluid area;
a component collection area; and
a fluid channel;
a roller pump mechanism disposed concentrically with the rotor;
a plurality of disposables, each disposable comprising
a composite fluid bag in one of the composite fluid areas;
a component collection bag in one of the component collection areas; and
tubing in one of the fluid channels and connected to the composite fluid bag and the component collection bag of the disposable;

a motor for rotating the rotor wherein the roller pump mechanism engages the tubing of each disposable for rotating the roller pump mechanism with the rotor during separation of the composite fluid.
2. The combination of claim 1 further comprising a stopping mechanism to stop the rotation of the roller pump mechanism with the rotor wherein a separated component is pumped through the tubing of each disposable to the component collection bag.
3. The combination of claim 2 wherein the stopping mechanism is a brake to stop the rotation of the roller pump mechanism while the rotor continues to rotate.
4. The combination of claim 2 wherein the stopping mechanism changes the speed of rotation of the roller pump mechanism relative to the rotor to stop the rotation of the pump mechanism with the rotor.
5. A centrifugation configuration for centrifugally separating a composite fluid into component parts thereof, said configuration comprising
a rotor comprising
a plurality of fluid containmentseparation areas, each fluid containmentseparation area comprising
a composite fluid area; and
a component collection area;
a roller pump mechanism disposed concentrically with the rotor;
a plurality of fluid channels wherein each fluid channel is disposed in fluid communication with a composite fluid area and disposed in fluid communication with a component collection area; whereby each fluid channel is adapted to engage said roller pump mechanism so as to provide a fluid pumping relationship for moving a respective separated component from each composite fluid area to each component collection area through each fluid channel.
6. A centrifugation configuration according to claim 5 in which each composite fluid area comprises a first bag; and each component collection area comprises a second bag.
7. A centrifugation configuration according to claim 5 in which said roller pump mechanism is operable to move with said rotor when not engaged in a pumping operation and alternately operable to be disengaged from said rotor when operating in a pumping operation.
8. A centrifugation configuration according to claim 5 wherein the composite fluid to be separated is whole blood and the whole blood is separated into first and second components, namely, a heavier phase component and a lighter phase component.
9. A centrifugation configuration according to claim 8 wherein the heavier phase component includes red blood cells and the lighter phase component includes plasma.
10. The centrifuge configuration of claim 8 wherein said rotor further comprises at least one sensor for sensing the flow of heavier phase component from each composite fluid area to said fluid channel and for producing a signal in response thereto.
11. The centrifuge configuration of claim 10 wherein said rotor further comprises at least one clamp for receiving the signal from said sensor and for clamping at least one fluid channel in response thereto.
12. The centrifuge configuration of claim 11 wherein said rotor further comprises a battery mounted on said rotor for providing electricity to said clamp.
13. The centrifuge configuration of claim 10 wherein said rotor further comprises a generator mounted on said rotor to provide electricity to said sensor.
14. A centrifugation configuration according to claim 5 wherein the composite fluid to be separated is whole blood and the whole blood is separated into a heavier phase red blood cell component and a lighter phase plasma component and an intermediate phase platelet component.
15. A centrifugation configuration according to claim 5 wherein each composite fluid area comprises
a disposable composite fluid container;

wherein each component collection area comprises
a component collection container;

wherein each fluid channel comprises
a tubing line; whereby each composite fluid container is connected to one of said component collection containers by said tubing line to form a connected disposable system, and whereby each tubing line is adapted to be engaged with said roller pump mechanism.
16. A centrifugation configuration according to claim 15 wherein the disposable system further comprises a second component container; and whereby said second component container is connected to said composite fluid container by said tubing line.
17. The centrifugation configuration of claim 5 further comprising a centrifugal drive motor base wherein said rotor is disposed in an operable rotor-driving position on said centrifugal drive motor base.
18. The centrifugation configuration of claim 17 wherein said roller pump mechanism is engaged with said centrifugal drive motor base during a separation stage, and further comprising a brake for disengaging said roller pump mechanism from said centrifugal drive motor base during a pumping operation.
19. A centrifugation configuration according to claim 18 in which said roller pump mechanism is operable to move with said rotor when not engaged in a pumping operation and alternately operable to be not engaged with said rotor when operating in a pumping operation.
20. The centrifugation configuration of claim 17 wherein said roller pump mechanism is engaged with said centrifugal drive motor base during a separation stage to rotate with said rotor and further comprising a mechanism for changing the speed of one of said rotor or said roller pump mechanism so that said roller pump mechanism and rotor have relative motion with respect to the other during a pumping operation.
21. The centrifuge configuration of claim 5 further comprising
a plurality of buckets, each bucket containing one of said composite fluid containmentseparation areas wherein each bucket comprises
a wall separating said bucket into said composite fluid area and said component collection area.
22. The centrifuge configuration of claim 5 further comprising
a plurality of buckets, each bucket containing one of said composite fluid containmentseparation area; and
a moveable expresser in each said bucket.
23. The centrifugation configuration of claim 5 wherein the rotor comprises a pump raceway for receiving each fluid channel and the roller pump mechanism further comprises a roller adapted to engage each fluid channel.
24. A centrifuge for separating a blood composite fluid into components comprising
a rotor comprising
a plurality of separation areas fixedly mounted thereon, wherein each separation area comprises
a blood composite fluid area; and
an associated component collection area; and

a roller pump assembly cooperating with the rotor and adapted to pump separated components from each blood composite fluid area to each associated component collection area.