Author: claimsbot

1. A diving toy having hydrostatic depth control adapted to cause said diving toy to continuously seek a predetermined depth in water, comprising:
(a) a sealed main body having a predetermined orientation and buoyancy when placed in water, said sealed main body having a flexible portion disposed substantially rearward on said sealed main body for varying the volumetric center of said toy as it dives or rises;
(b) an electric motor in said sealed main body;
(c) a propeller attached to said motor;
(d) a battery for powering said motor;
whereby when said motor is activated forces generated by the spin of said propeller propel said toy in a continuous forward diving movement, and when increasing hydrostatic pressure causes the volume of said flexible portion of said sealed main body to decrease by a predetermined amount the volumetric center of said toy moves forward causing said toy to move from an inclined forwarddownward position to an inclined forwardupward position which causes said toy to begin a forward rising movement, and when decreasing hydrostatic pressure causes the volume of said flexible portion to increase by a predetermined amount the volumetric center of said toy moves reward causing said toy to return to a forward diving movement, said toy is caused to repeatedly dive and rise automatically underwater by hydrostatic forces acting on said flexible portion of said sealed main body causing said toy to continuously seek a predetermined depth.
2. The diving toy of claim 1, wherein said sealed main body is elongated with a stream lined shape and well defined forward movement direction shaped extremities for reduced drag.
3. The diving toy of claim 1, further including a ballast for adjusting balance and buoyancy.
4. The diving toy of claim 1, further including a swim bladder in said sealed main body for communicating with said flexible portion of said sealed main body for increasing the sensitivity of said flexible portion to varying hydrostatic pressure.
5. The diving toy of claim 1, further including a pair of horizontal wings protruding from said sealed main body for damping any purely vertical movement of said diving toy and to facilitate any forward movement of said toy.
6. The diving toy of claim 1, further including means for causing said toy to move substantially in a circle.
7. A diving toy having hydrostatic depth control adapted to cause said diving toy to continuously seek a predetermined depth in water, comprising:
(a) a sealed main body having a predetermined orientation and buoyancy when placed in water, wherein said sealed main body is elongated with a stream lined shape and well defined forward movement direction shaped extremities for reduced drag, said sealed main body having a flexible portion disposed substantially rearward on said sealed main body for varying the volumetric center of said toy as it dives or rises;
(b) an electric motor in said sealed main body;
(c) a propeller attached to said motor;
(d) a battery for powering said motor;
(e) a ballast for adjusting balance and buoyancy;
(f) a swim bladder in said sealed main body communicating with said flexible portion of said sealed main body for increasing the sensitivity of said flexible portion to varying hydrostatic pressure;
whereby when said motor is activated forces generated by the spin of said propeller propel said toy in a continuous forward diving movement, and when increasing hydrostatic pressure causes the volume of said flexible portion of said sealed main body to decrease by a predetermined amount the volumetric center of said toy moves forward causing said toy to move from an inclined forwarddownward position to an inclined forwardupward position which causes said toy to begin a forward rising movement, and when decreasing hydrostatic pressure causes the volume of said flexible portion to increase by a predetermined amount the volumetric center of said toy moves reward causing said toy to return to a forward diving movement, said toy is caused to repeatedly dive and rise automatically underwater by hydrostatic forces acting on said flexible portion of said sealed main body causing said toy to continuously seek a predetermined depth.
8. The diving toy of claim 7, further including a pair of horizontal wings protruding from said sealed main body for damping any purely vertical movement of said diving toy and to facilitate any forward movement of said toy.
9. The diving toy of claim 7, further including means for causing said toy to move substantially in a circle.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

We claim:

1) An apparatus comprising:
a substrate having at least one assay station;
an arrangement of at least one first multipurpose channels and at least one second multipurpose channel wherein said at least one assay station being situated in a position intermediate between said first and second multipurpose channels and in fluid communication therewith, wherein said first multipurpose channel has at least one characteristic conducive to conduction of a sample fluid therethrough;
at least one sample fluid inlet in communication with said at least first multipurpose channel; and
at least one isolation-medium inlet in communication with said at least first and second multipurpose channels, said at least one second multipurpose channel having at least one characteristic non-conducive to conduction of said sample fluid.
2) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said fluid communication is via at least first and second assay station channels in communication with said first and second multipurpose channels.
3) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first multipurpose channel characteristic conducive to conduction of said sample fluid comprises at least one of internal surface characteristic andor shape characteristic and said at least one second multipurpose channel characteristic that is non-conducive to conduction of said sample fluid comprises at lease one of an internal surface portion andor shape characteristics.
4) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the apparatus further comprises a sealing layer sealing at least one assay station.
5) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the internal surface of said first multipurpose channel permits flowthrough of at least one of a sample fluid, air and an isolation-medium.
6) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the internal surface of said second multipurpose channel permits the flowthrough of at least one of air or an isolation-medium.
7) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said assay station, first multipurpose channel and second multipurpose channel are formed in the substrate layer.
8) The apparatus of claim 4 wherein at least a portion of at least one of said assay station, first multipurpose channel and second multipurpose channel is formed in the substrate layer and at least a portion of at least one of said assay station, first multipurpose channel and second multipurpose is formed in the sealing layer.
9) The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said internal surface of said multipurpose channel and a surface of said second assay station channel immediately adjacent to the intersection of the second assay station channel and said second multipurpose channel are non-conducive to conduction of said sample fluid.
10) The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said at least first and second multipurpose channels are in communication with a plurality of assay stations via the first and second assay station channels, respectively, of said plurality of assay stations.
11) The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said plurality of assay stations are arranged to provide at least one of simultaneous or sequential filling of said plurality of assay stations with said sample fluid solution conducted thereto.
12) The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said plurality of assay stations are arranged to provide at least one of simultaneous or sequential filling of said first and second multipurpose channels with said isolation medium to seal said plurality of assay stations.
13) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one assay station has disposed therein at least one reaction assay component.
14) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said sample fluid inlet is in communication with a sample fluid preparation element.
15) The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising at least one of a sample preparation chamber and a lid.
16) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one element for controlling fluid flow in at least one of said channels.
17) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a chamber for introduction of flow-promoting fluid.
18) The apparatus of claim 17 wherein at least one of said chamber or an inlet is in communication with a mixing chamber for mixing said flow-promoting fluid with said sample fluid.
19) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one assay station comprises at least one component of an assay reaction pre-loaded therein.
20) The apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said least one component of said assay reaction at said at least one assay station provides at least one of detectable qualitative or quantitative data.
21) The apparatus of claim 20 further comprising beads having said at least one component of said assay reaction.
22) The apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said at least one component of said assay reaction is secured to said at least one assay station.
23) The apparatus according to claim 15 wherein said sample preparation chamber further comprises an absorbent.
24) The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising an absorbent in communication with a terminal portion of at least one of said at least first and second multipurpose channels.
25) The apparatus according to claim 24 wherein said absorbent is removeably attached to the terminal portion of said at least first and second multipurpose channels.
26) The apparatus according to claim 16 wherein said at least one flow controlling element is disposed between said sample preparation chamber and said at least first multipurpose channel.
27) The apparatus according to claim 16 said at least one flow controlling element is disposed adjacent said at least one assay station.
28) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one assay station is further comprised of flow promoting structures.
29) The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said at least a portion of said at least one first assay station channel has a cross-sectional area that is less than the cross-sectional area of at least a portion of said at least second assay station channel.
30) The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said first and second multipurpose channels provide a path by which said plurality of assay stations are sealed via the flow through of an isolation medium.
31) The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein exposed portions of the said at least first and second multipurpose channels are sealed with a solid from ambient atmosphere adhesively, mechanically, electrically, or magnetically after the first and second multipurpose channels are filled with a sample fluid andor an isolation medium.
32) An apparatus for analyzing a sample fluid, comprising;
a substrate, said substrate comprising:
a sample preparation chamber for removal of undesired components from a sample fluid;
a sample fluid inlet fluidically coupled to said sample preparation chamber;
a chamber or inlet for receiving a flow-promoting fluid;
a flow controlling element for controlling flow of a sample fluid from said sample preparation chamber to said chamber or inlet for receiving a flow-promoting fluid;
at least one first multi purpose channel fluidically coupled to said chamber;
at least one assay station;
said first multi purpose channel in communication to said at least one assay station;
a second flow controlling element for isolating and permitting flow of a fluid from said chamber to said at least one assay station; and
a first assay station channel, coupled to said at least one assay station.
33) The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said sample preparation chamber comprises a sintered glass block which seals at least a portion of said sample preparation chamber.
34) The apparatus according to claim 32 wherein portions of said at least first multipurpose channel is sealed with a solid from ambient atmosphere adhesively, mechanically, electrically, or magnetically after the first multipurpose channel is filled with sample fluid andor an isolation medium.
35) The apparatus of claim 33 wherein an absorbent adheres to said sintered glass block for absorbing said undesired undesired components.
36) The apparatus of claim 32 wherein a sealing layer seals at least one of said filtration chamber, chamber, first multipurpose channel, assay station, and first assay channel.
37) The apparatus of claim 32 further comprising a diaphragm which seals at least a portion of said filtration chamber from the environment; and
a vibrating actuator for vibrating said diaphragm, thereby agitating a lysing buffer.
38) The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said substrate comprises at least one of (a) glass, (b) plastic, (c) elastomer, (d) a composite, (e) silicon and (f) metal.
39) The apparatus of claim 38 wherein said elasomer comprises poly-dimethylsiloxane.
40) A method for conducting reactions on a substrate wherein said a substrate comprises at least one assay station, an arrangement of at least first and second multipurpose channels wherein said at least one assay station being situated in a position intermediate between said first and second multipurpose channels and in fluid communication therewith, and wherein said first multipurpose channel has internal surface characteristics conducive to conduction of a sample solution therethrough, at least one sample fluid receiving area in communication with said at least first multipurpose channel, at least one isolation-medium inlet in communication with said at least first and second multipurpose channels, said least one second multipurpose channel having at least an internal surface portion non-conducive to conduction of said sample solution comprising:
obtaining a sample fluid;
introducing a sample fluid to at least one sample inlet;
filling said at least one assay station via said at least one multipurpose channel;
allowing isolation-medium from said at least one isolation medium port to flow into at least said first multipurpose channel; and
running at least one reaction at said at least one assay station, said reaction providing at least one of qualitative or quantitative data relating to said sample fluid.
41) The method according to claim 40 further comprising running said at least one reaction under temperature control.
42) The method according to claim 40 further comprising the step of obtaining said sample fluid from a test sample.
43) The method according to claim 42 further comprising the step of subjecting said test sample to at least one preparative operation.
44) The method according to claim 43 further comprising performing said at least one preparative operation separately from said substrate.
45) The method according to claim 43 further comprising performing said at least one preparative operation at at least one of upon or within said substrate.
46) The method according to claim 40 wherein said at least one of qualitative or quantitative data provides at least one of a colorimetric, flurometric or luminescent result.
47) The method according to claim 43 wherein said at least one preparative operation provides nucleic acids susceptible for use in said at least one reaction.
48) The method of claim 40 further comprising the step of disposing at least one assay reaction component into said at least one assay station.
49) The method according to claim 40 wherein said step of running said at least one reaction comprises nucleic acid amplification.
50) The method of claim 40 further comprising obtaining said at least one of qualitative or quantitative data utilizing fluorescence.
51) The method according to claim 50 wherein said fluorescence is provided by at least one of binding of a fluorophore or hybridization of fluorophore containing probe.
52) The method according to claim 40 wherein said qualitative or quantitative data is obtained via probe labeled with at least one of a fluorophore, an enzyme or component of a binding complex.
53) The method according to claim 40 further comprising the step of displacing said sample fluid via isolation-medium.
54) The method according to claim 52 further comprising introducing sequentially said isolation-medium into said at least first and second multipurpose channels.
55) The method according to claim 53 wherein said isolation medium is first introduced into said at least first multipurpose channel followed by introduction into said at least second multipurpose channel.
56) The method according to claims 54 or 55 wherein said introduction of isolation medium provides the purging of air from said at least second multipurpose channel and the purging of said sample fluid from said at least first multipurpose channel, resulting in the isolation of said at least one assay station containing said sample fluid.
57) The method according to claim 49 further comprising the step of exposing said at least one assay station to irradiation.
58) The method according to claim 40 further comprising the step of at least one of solidifying, curing and polymerizing said isolation medium.
59) The method according to claim 40 wherein exposed portions of the said at least first and second multipurpose channels are sealed with a solid from ambient atmosphere adhesively, mechanically, or magnetically after the first and second multipurpose channels are filled with sample fluid andor isolation medium.
60) The method according to claim 40 further comprising heating said fluid sample prior to filling said at least one assay station.
61) The method according to claim 43 wherein the step of obtaining said sample fluid includes at least one preparative operation in a sample preparation chamber, comprising at least one of exposing said test sample to a lysing buffer, elution buffer and a washing buffer, in order to obtain said sample fluid.
62) The method according to claim 61 further comprising adding a flow promoting fluid to said sample fluid.
63) The method according to claim 61 wherein said at least one preparative operation is conducted upon said substrate, further comprising the step of agitating said substrate in order to promote the entry of nucleic acids, contained in a nucleic acid containing test sample, to enter into said sample fluid.
64) The method of claim 63 wherein said step of agitating said substrate is performed by agitating said substrate at the resonant frequency of at least one of said substrate and the sample fluid contained in said sample preparation chamber.
65) The method of claim 63 wherein said agitating step is performed by agitating electro-magnetically magnetic beads in said sample preparation chamber.
66) The method of claim 63 further comprising heating said elution buffer contained in said filtration chamber to generate a thermal-gradient induced convection flow, and causing more nucleic acid molecules to enter into solution.
67) The method of claim 66 further comprising a step of adding surfactant to said elution buffer contained in said sample preparation chamber.
68) The method of claim 42 wherein said test sample is at least one of homogenized, digested and filtered before injection into said sample introduction inlet.
69) An apparatus for sample fluid analysis comprising a substrate, said substrate comprising:
a sample preparation chamber and fluidically coupled chamber or inlet for receiving a flow-promoting fluid;
a test sample introduction inlet fluidically coupled to said sample preparation chamber;
at least one buffer introduction inlet fluidically coupled to at least one of said sample preparation chamber and chamber or inlet for receiving a flow-promoting fluid;
a first multipurpose channel fluidically coupled to said sample preparation chamber or chamber or inlet for receiving a flow-promoting fluid;
an assay station;
an arrangement of at least first and second multipurpose channels wherein said at least one assay station being situated in a position intermediate and in fluid communication between said first and second multipurpose channels;
at least one flow control element for controlling fluid flow from at least one of said sample preparation chamber and chamber or inlet for receiving a flow-promoting fluid to said assay station;
at least one assay station channel fluidically coupled to said assay station.
70) The apparatus of claim 69 wherein said fluid communication is via at least first and second assay station channels in communication with said first and second multipurpose channels.
71) The apparatus of claim 69 wherein said filtration chamber comprises a sintered glass block which seals at least a portion of said a sample preparation chamber.
72) The apparatus of claim 70 wherein an absorbent adheres to said sintered glass block for filtering white blood cells through said sintered glass block.
73) The apparatus of claim 70 wherein a sealing layer seals at least one said first multi purpose channel, assay station, and first assay station channel.
74) The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising a diaphragm which seals at least a portion of said a sample preparation chamber and a vibrating actuator for vibrating said diaphragm.
75) The apparatus of claim 69 wherein said substrate comprises at least one of (a) glass, (b) plastic, (c) elastomer, (d) a composite, (e) silicon and (f) metal.
76) The apparatus of claim 75 wherein said elastomer comprises poly-dimethylsiloxane.

1. A switching amplifier comprising:
an input stage that receives analog signals as its input and having it modulated into a digital output whose average value is directly proportional to the input signal’s instantaneous amplitude; and
output DC offset protection, for generating a shutdown signal responsive to a DC component at the switching amplifier output.
2. The switching amplifier of claim 1, wherein the DC offset protection comprises:
a first low pass filter and second low pass filter, for filtering pulse width modulated signals;
a comparator, for comparing the signals;
a pulse edge detector, for minimizing jitter and producing a pulse;
a clock generator, for producing continuous pulse
a counter and offset protection logic, for issuing a shutdown signal if an output DC offset is present.
3. The switching amplifier of claim 2, wherein the DC offset protection is coupled to the output of the said switching amplifier.
4. The switching amplifier of claim 3, wherein the output of the amplifier are used as input signals to the first and second low pass filter.
5. The switching amplifier of claim 3, wherein the said first and second low pass filter is a first order RC low pass filter.
6. The switching amplifier of claim 3, wherein the filtered output of the first and second low pass filter are inputted and compared by the comparator and provides a pulsating high or a low output depending on which input is higher.
7. The switching amplifier of claim 3, wherein the comparator output is used as an input for the pulse edge detector.
8. The switching amplifier of claim 3, wherein the pulse edge detector produces a pulse signals to be applied as a reset for the counter.
9. The switching amplifier of claim 3, wherein the clock generator provides continues pulse to the counter.
10. The switching amplifier of claim 3, wherein the counter produces a signal after counting a predetermined time, if no reset signal is received from the pulse edge detector within said predetermined time.
11. The switching amplifier of claim 1, wherein the DC offset protection uses a filterless architecture.
12. A method of protecting a switching amplifier against output DC offset comprising:
comparing a first filtered output signal with a predetermined threshold voltage and generating a reset signal;
generating an offset protection signal to deactivate the said switching amplifier if the said reset signal is not activated during a predetermined time period.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the said first filtered output signal is derived from a first output signal of the said switching amplifier.
14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the said predetermined threshold voltage is a dc reference voltage.
15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the said predetermined threshold voltage is a second filtered output signal derived from a second output signal of the said switching amplifier.
16. The method according to claim 12, wherein the said reset signal is a function of the said first filtered output signal and the said predetermined threshold voltage.
17. The method according to claim 12, wherein the function of the said offset protection signal is to transfer the state of the said switching amplifier to another state that will not cause constant dc current flow to a load of the said switching amplifier.
18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the said first output signal can be a PWM, PDM or sigma Delta modulated switching signal.
19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the said second output signal can be a PWM, PDM or sigma Delta modulated switching signal.
20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the said load of the said switching amplifier can be a resistive load, a capacitive load or an inductive load.
21. A switching amplifier comprising:
a first driver arrangement for producing a first amplified output signal having a positive phase;
a second driver arrangement for producing a second amplified output signal having a negative phase which is opposite to said positive phase; and
a DC offset protection arrangement for comparing said first and second amplified output signals, and for producing a shutdown signal when there is no signal overlap between said first and second amplified output signals after a predetermined time.
22. A method of protecting a switching amplifier from output DC offset, comprising:
producing a first amplified output signal having a positive phase;
producing a second amplified output signal having a negative phase which is opposite to said positive phase;
comparing said first and second amplified output signals, and
producing a shutdown signal when there is no signal overlap between said first and second amplified output signals after a predetermined time.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system of recycling exhaust heat from an internal combustion engine, the system comprising:
a working fluid circulating line configured to rotate a turbine with a working fluid vaporized by heat received from an EGR line of the internal combustion engine;
an EGR side heat exchanging unit configured to perform a heat exchange between an EGR gas and the working fluid to thereby cool the EGR gas and transfer heat from the EGR gas to the working fluid; and
a gas-liquid separator configured to be formed between the EGR side heat exchanging unit and the turbine to thereby supply only a gas component of the working fluid to the turbine.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the gas-liquid separator includes:
a liquid receiving chamber capable of receiving the working fluid in a liquid state therein; and
a communicating pipe fluidically-communicating a turbine introducing pipe, which is a conduit connecting the turbine to the EGR side heat exchanging unit, and the liquid receiving chamber with each other.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the communicating pipe includes a first communicating pipe disposed to be adjacent to the EGR side heat exchanging unit and a second communicating pipe disposed to be adjacent to the turbine.
4. The system according to claim 3, wherein a diameter of a portion connected to the first communicating pipe of the turbine introducing pipe is substantially the same as a diameter of a portion connected to the second communicating pipe of the turbine introducing pipe.
5. The system according to claim 2, wherein the liquid receiving chamber is disposed at a lower position than the turbine introducing pipe.
6. The system according to claim 2, wherein the communicating pipe has an upper end portion connected to a side portion or a lower portion of the turbine introducing pipe.
7. The system according to claim 1, further comprising an exhaust side heat exchanging unit installed at an exhaust line discharging an exhaust gas to an outside to thereby transfer heat from the exhaust gas to the working fluid.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the exhaust side heat exchanging unit is disposed at a higher side of the working fluid circulating line than the EGR side heat exchanging unit.
9. The system according to claim 7, wherein the working fluid always passes through the exhaust side heat exchanging unit, and
the working fluid passes through the EGR side heat exchanging unit only when a temperature of the exhaust gas flowing in the EGR line is equal to or greater than a specific temperature T1.
10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the specific temperature T1 is 500\xb0 C.