Author: claimsbot

1. A modified vasoactive intestinal polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of
Acy-His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Val-Ala-Ala-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Trp-lle-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Glu-Lys-Leu-Lys (\u03b5-long acyl)-X(SEQ ID NO:6):
wherein:
Acyl is a C2-C16 acyl chain;
long acyl is a C6-C24 acyl chain;
X is OH or NHR1; and
R1 is H, lower alkyl, haloalkyl, or PEG.
2. The modified polypeptide of claim 1, wherein acyl is a C4-C8 acyl chain; long acyl is a C6-C14 acyl chain; and PEG is a polyethylene glycol chain of C2-C20.
3. A method for producing the modified polypeptide of claim 1, said method comprising synthesizing a polypeptide with the SEQ ID NO:6 by the sequential addition of protected amino acids from a peptide chain, removing the protecting groups, desalting and purifying the polypeptide.
4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the modified polypeptide of claim 1, or acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4, further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of insulin, insulin analogs, incretin, incretin analogs, glucagon-like peptide, glucagon-like peptide analogs, exendin, exendin analogs, sulfonylureas, biguanidase, \u03b1-gulocosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, PPAR antagonists and PPAR partial agonists.
6. A modified vasoactive intestinal polypeptide having the amino acid sequence of
Acy-His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Val-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr-Thr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Lys-Gln-Val-Ala-Ala-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Trp-lle-Lys-Lys-Ala-Lys-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Glu-Lys-Leu-Lys (\u03b5-long acyl)-X(SEQ ID NO:6):
wherein:
Acyl is a C5 acyl chain;
long acyl is a C18 acyl chain;
X is OH or NHR1; and
R1 is H, lower alkyl, haloalkyl, or PEG.
7. A method for producing the modified polypeptide of claim 6, said method comprising synthesizing a polypeptide with the SEQ ID NO:6 by the sequential addition of protected amino acids from a peptide chain, removing the protecting groups, desalting and purifying the polypeptide.
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the modified polypeptide of claim 6, or acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 8, further comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of insulin, insulin analogs, incretin, incretin analogs, glucagon-like peptide, glucagon-like peptide analogs, exendin, exendin analogs, sulfonylureas, biguanidase, \u03b1-gulocosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, PPAR antagonists and PPAR partial agonists.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A radio network controller comprising;
a plurality of functional modules, wherein the functional modules at least comprising: an ATM interface module, an interface management module, a radio signaling management module and a radio bearer processing module, characterized in that the radio network controller replaces an ATM switch with an IP switching network to achieve data and signaling exchange among the above functional modules in the radio network controller.
2. The radio network controller according to claim 1, wherein the IP switching network supports QoS.
3. The radio network controller according to claim 1, wherein each of the functional modules respectively comprise at least one functional board, and the functions of each of the functional modules are respectively achieved in different functional boards.
4. The radio network controller according to claim 1, wherein each of the functional modules are arranged in a single chassis to form a elementary unit of the radio network controller.
5. The radio network controller according to claim 4, wherein the IP switching network is an IP switching module contained in the chassis, and each of the functional modules achieves data and signaling exchange inside the radio network controller by connecting with the IP switching module.
6. The radio network controller according to claim 1, wherein the ATM interface module and the radio bearer processing module, after being extended, are configured in at least one extended chassis, such that the radio network controller further comprises at least one extended unit of the radio network controller.
7. The radio network controller according to claim 6, wherein the IP switching network comprises a group of IP switching modules and concentrator routing switches, wherein the IP switching module connects each of the functional modules in the elementary unit and extended unit of the radio network controller, and the concentrator routing switch connects the units via the IP switching module in the elementary unit and extended units of the radio network controller.
8. The radio network controller according to claim 6, wherein the number of the interface ATM boards constituting the ATM interface module is configured according to the data flow of the interfaces and the number of the ports required to be provided, and the number of the radio bearer processing boards constituting the radio bearer processing module is configured according to the number of the users to be supported and the data flow.
9. The radio network controller according to claim 4, wherein each of the functional modules comprise information filling means for filling in a DiffServ field of an IP header to be transmitted.
10. The radio network controller according to claim 5, wherein the IP switching module or the concentrator routing switch comprises reading means for reading a DiffServ field of an IP header of a data package.
11. The radio network controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, the interface ATM board constituting the ATM interface module comprises means for achieving IPATM conversion, for providing a standard ATM interface between the radio network controller and an external network element.
12. The radio network controller according to claim 6, wherein each of the functional modules comprise information filling means for filling in a DiffServ field of an IP header to be transmitted.
13. The radio network controller according to claim 7, wherein the IP switching module or the concentrator routing switch comprises reading means for reading a DiffServ field of an IP header of a data package.

1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a cylindrical electrically conductive support having thereon a plurality of layers, wherein layer thickness decreasing amount Hd (in m) is 0Hd<5106 per rotation, and residual potential variation amount is 0Vr<100 (in V) in case that an electric current corresponding to 0.1 Ccm2 is provided to a surface of said photoreceptor by charging and exposure.
2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 1 wherein one of a plurality of said resinous layers is a surface layer, and said surface layer comprises a siloxane based resin containing structural units having charge transportability.
3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 2 wherein said surface layer comprises colloidal silica.
4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 2 wherein said surface layer comprises an antioxidant.
5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 2 wherein the cylindrical electrically conductive support comprises thereon a sublayer, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer and said surface layer.
6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 5 wherein said charge generating layer comprises titanyl phthalocyanine having a maximum peak at Bragg angle of 27.2 degrees with respect to the Cu-K line.
7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 1 wherein the contact angle between the surface of the photoreceptor and water is at least 90 degrees.
8. An electrophotographic image forming method comprising process of charging, image exposure, development, transfer and cleaning utilizing a blade, and employing an electrophotographic photoreceptor which comprises a cylindrical electrically conductive support having thereon a plurality of resinous layers, wherein when the image forming process is carried out by rotating said electrophotographic photoreceptor more than 300,000 times under conditions in which average toner amount adhered onto entire surface of said electrophotographic photoreceptor through development during said development process is at least 0.5 mgcm2, a layer thickness decrease amount Hd (in m) per rotation is 0Hd<3106, and residual potential variation amount Vr (in V) per rotation is 0Vr<1105.
9. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 8 wherein one of said plurality of layers is a surface layer comprising siloxane based resin having structural units exhibiting charge transportability.
10. The electrophotographic image forming method of claim 8 wherein the cleaning blade, which is employed in said blade cleaning process, has a hardness of 65 to 75 degrees and an impact resilience of 15 to 60 percent, and is brought into contact with said photoreceptor under a linear pressure of 5 to 50 gcm.
11. The electrophotographic image forming method of claim 8 wherein toner of a developer material employed in said development process is blended with powder having a number average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm as the external additive and external additive adhesion ratio Fd is between 10 and 90 percent,
wherein
Fd1Sw1Sw2Sw3100
in the formula Sw1 is the BET specific surface area (in m2g) of toner adhered to the external additive, Sw2 is the BET specific surface area (in m2g) of toner prior to the addition of the external additive, and Sw3 is the BET specific surface area (in m2g) of the external additive.
12. The electrophotographic image forming method of claim 8 wherein toner of the developer material employed in said development process is blended with powder having an average particle diameter of not more than 50 nm, and with powder having an average particle diameter of at least 60 nm in combination as the external additives.
13. The electrophotographic image forming method of claim 8 wherein said development process employs the reversal development system.
14. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 9 wherein said surface layer comprises colloidal silica.
15. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 9 wherein said surface layer comprises an antioxidant.
16. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 8 wherein the cylindrical electrically conductive support comprises thereon a sublayer, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer and a surface layer.
17. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 16 wherein said charge generating layer comprises titanyl phthalocyanine having a maximum peak at Bragg angle of 27.2 degrees with respect to the Cu-K line.
18. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of claim 8 wherein the contact angle between the surface of the photoreceptor and water is at least 90 degrees.
19. The electrophotographic image forming method of claim 8 wherein said electrophotographic photoreceptor is repeatedly employed over at least 1,000,000 rotations for forming images.
20. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising charging member, image exposure member, development member, transfer member and cleaning member utilizing a blade, and an organic electrophotographic photoreceptor which comprises a cylindrical electrically conductive support, having thereon a photosensitive layer, wherein when image forming process is carried out by rotating said electrophotographic photoreceptor more than 300,000 times under the conditions in which an average toner amount, adhered onto an entire surface of said electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising said surface layer, is at least 0.5 mgcm2, through development of said development means, a layer thickness decrease amount Hd (in m) per rotation is 0Hd<3106, and residual potential variation amount Vr (in V) per rotation is 0Vr<1105.
21. The electrophotographic image forming apparatus of claim 20 wherein one of said plurality of layers is a surface layer comprising siloxane based resin having structural units exhibiting charge transportability.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system for transforming energy, comprising:
a plurality of photovoltaic modules;
a plurality of microinverters electrically coupled to the photovoltaic modules in a one-to-one relationship; and
a gateway electrically coupled to the plurality of microinverters, wherein features of the gateway are capable of being upgraded with at least one of hardware, software, and firmware.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the gateway comprises an interface unit and control unit.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the interface unit, comprises:
a plurality of sensors to detect dynamic utility grid conditions;
a communication unit to communicate with the plurality of microinverters and the gateway; and
an isolation unit to substantially prevent communication signals from the microinverters from appearing on the utility grid.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit provides a monitoring functions to monitor the plurality of microinverters.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of microinverters, comprise:
an inversion unit to convert DC into AC;
a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) unit to optimize power output from the plurality photovoltaic modules;
a communications unit to provide communications to the gateway; and
a safety unit to provide safety functions.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the communications unit permits communication in at least one of wireless communication, wired communication, and powerline communication.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the safety unit is capable of disabling the microinverter upon detection of the microinverter being electrically decoupled from either the gateway or the PV module.
8. The system of claim 5, wherein the safety unit is capable of disabling the microinverter in response to a communication signal from the communication unit of the gateway.
9. The system of claim 5, wherein the safety unit is capable of disabling the microinverter upon detection of predetermined grid conditions.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the predetermined grid conditions include at least one of a low grid voltage, a high grid voltage, a low grid frequency, a high grid frequency and a predetermined change in grid impedance.
11. A gateway for use in a system for use in an energy generating system, comprising:
an interface unit for interfacing with a plurality of microinverters and a utility grid;
a control unit electrically coupled to the interface unit for controlling at least one of safety functionality, synchronization functionality to synchronize the plurality of microinverters to the utility grid, and monitoring functionality to monitor the plurality of microinverters and the utility grid, wherein the control unit is capable of being electrically coupled to an external monitor.
12. The gateway of claim 11, wherein the interface unit, comprises:
a plurality of sensors to detect dynamic utility grid conditions;
a communication unit to communicate with the plurality of microinverters and the control unit; and
an isolation unit to substantially prevent communication signals from the plurality of microinverters from appearing on the utility grid.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the communications unit is capable of communication in at least one of wireless communication, wired communication, and powerline communication.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of microinverters includes a safety unit capable of disabling the microinverter upon detection of the microinverter being electrically decoupled from either the gateway or a power module.
15. The system of claim 12, wherein the power module is a wind turbine.
16. The system of claim 12, wherein each of the plurality of microinverters includes a safety unit capable of disabling the microinverter upon detection of predetermined utility grid conditions.
17. A photovoltaic system for transforming radiant energy into alternating current, comprising:
a plurality of photovoltaic modules;
a plurality of microinverters coupled to the photovoltaic modules in a one-to-one relationship, wherein each of the plurality of microinverters comprise:
an inversion unit to convert DC into AC;
a MPPT unit to optimize power from the plurality photovoltaic modules;
a communications unit to provide communications to the gateway; and
a safety unit to provide safety functions;

a gateway coupled to the plurality of microinverters, wherein the gateway comprises:
an interface unit for interfacing with a plurality of microinverters and a utility grid; and
a control unit coupled to the interface unit for controlling at least one of safety functionality, synchronization to synchronize the plurality of microinverters to the utility grid, and monitoring, wherein the control unit is capable of being coupled to an external monitor.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the interface unit comprises a communications unit permitting communication in at least one of wireless communication, wired communication, and powerline communication.
19. The system of claim 17, wherein the safety unit is capable of disabling the microinverter upon detection of the microinverter being electrically decoupled from either the gateway or a photovoltaic module.
20. The system of claim 17, wherein each of the safety unit is capable of disabling the microinverter upon detection of predetermined utility grid conditions.