Author: claimsbot

1. A method of making a graded electrode, the method comprising:
depositing a first electrode ink on a substrate to form a first electrode layer having a first ionomer to carbon ratio, wherein the substrate is a gas diffusion media or a polymer electrolyte membrane;
passing the substrate with the first electrode layer under a first blade having a first height at one end applied adjacent to a first side of the substrate and a second height at an opposite end applied adjacent to a second side of the substrate across from the first side, the first height of the first blade being less than the second height of the first blade, to remove a portion of the first electrode layer such that the thickness of the first electrode layer increases across the width of the substrate from the first side of the substrate to the second side of the substrate;
depositing a second electrode ink adjacent to the first electrode layer to form a second electrode layer having a second ionomer to carbon ratio different from the first ionomer to carbon ratio; and
passing the substrate with the first and second electrode layers under a second blade having a first height at one end applied adjacent to the first side of the substrate and a second height at an opposite end applied adjacent to the second side of the substrate, the first height of the second blade being greater than the second height of the second blade, to remove a portion of the second layer such that the thickness of the second electrode layer decreases across the width of the substrate from the first side of the substrate to the second side of the substrate, a combined electrode layer formed from the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer having an average ionomer to carbon ratio that varies across the width of the substrate from the first side to the second side.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the combined electrode layer is constant across the width of the substrate from the first side to the second side.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first height of the first blade is substantially the same as the second height of the second blade;
the second height of the first blade is substantially the same as the first height of the second blade; and
a thickness of the combined electrode layer is substantially constant across the width of the substrate from the first side to the second side.
4. A method of making a graded electrode, the method comprising:
depositing a first electrode ink on a substrate to form a first electrode layer having a first ionomer to carbon ratio and a thickness that is uniform across a width of the substrate, wherein the substrate is a gas diffusion media or a polymer electrolyte membrane;
removing a portion of the first electrode layer such that the thickness of the first electrode layer increases across the width of the substrate from a first side of the substrate to a second side of the substrate across from the first side of the substrate;
wherein the portion of the first electrode layer is removed by passing the substrate with the first electrode layer under a first slanted blade having a first height at one end applied adjacent to the first side of the substrate and a second height at an opposite end applied adjacent to the second side of the substrate, the first height of the first slanted blade being less than the second height of the first slanted blade;
depositing a second electrode ink over the first electrode layer after the portion of the first electrode layer is removed to form a second electrode layer having a second ionomer to carbon ratio different from the first ionomer to carbon ratio;
removing a portion of the second electrode layer to form an even upper surface of the second electrode layer, such that the thickness of the second electrode layer decreases across the width of the substrate from the first side of the substrate to the second side of the substrate;
wherein the portion of the second electrode layer is removed by passing the substrate with the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer under a second slanted blade having a first height at one end applied adjacent to the first side of the substrate and a second height at an opposite end applied adjacent to the second side of the substrate, the first height of the second slanted blade being greater than the second height of the second slanted blade;
whereby a combined electrode layer formed from the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer has an average ionomer to carbon ratio that varies across the width of the substrate from the first side of the substrate to the second side of the substrate.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising drying the first electrode layer before depositing the second electrode ink.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the first height of the first slanted blade is substantially the same as the second height of the second slanted blade;
the second height of the first slanted blade is substantially the same as the first height of the second slanted blade; and

a thickness of the combined electrode layer is substantially constant across the width of the substrate from the first side to the second side.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the substrate is a gas diffusion media that is wound on a roll and the method further comprises:
unwinding the substrate from the roll to cause the substrate to passed under the first blade and then under the second blade.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A test system for testing transaction processing equipment, the test system comprising:
a probe,
a test controller, and
a controller interface for capturing monitored data, wherein, the probe comprises:
a card reader for reading a card presented for a test and for routing card data to a terminal of said transaction processing equipment,
an interface to the transaction terminal, said interface being connected to the card reader,
a monitoring circuit to passively monitor data transmitted from the terminal to a card and data transmitted from the card to the terminal, wherein the monitoring circuit monitors signals via an opto-isolator, and
a switch connected to the opto-isolator for switching between card signal frequencies to choose an appropriate frequency;

the system comprises a database for storing monitored data and transaction conformance data;
the system comprises a transaction conformance verifier for verifying operations of the transaction processing equipment
under test by comparing monitored data and the conformance data.
2. The test system as claim in claim 1, wherein the probe routes the card data to the controller interface.
3. The test system as claim in claim 1, wherein the probe routes the card data on a hard-wired link to contact pads on the interface to the transaction terminal.
4. The test system as claim in claim 3, wherein the interface has at its extremity a configuration identical to that of a card, but is longer than a card to accommodate different terminal physical configurations.
5. The test system as claim in claim 1, wherein the probe comprises a control unit for generating probe status outputs.
6. The test system as claim in claim 5, wherein the outputs indicate if the probe is transmitting monitored data to the controller interface.
7. The test system as claim in claim 5, wherein
the outputs indicate if a card is correctly inserted into the probe.
8. The test system as claim in claim 5, wherein the outputs indicate if the probe is correctly connected to the terminal.
9. The test system as claim in claim 1, wherein the probe converts the monitored data to a test controller format, and routes it in that format to the test controller.
10. The test system as claim in claim 1, wherein the test controller comprises an interface to the terminal and an interface to an external transaction processing system.
11. The test system as claim in claim 10, wherein the test controller performs bi-directional routing between the terminal and the external system.
12. The test system as claim in claim 1, wherein the test controller comprises parsers for parsing monitored data and converting it into normalized format for the database.
13. The test system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the test controller comprises a switch engine for reading normalized data from the database and routing normalized data according to rules in the database.
14. The test system as claim in claim 12, wherein the test controller comprises a switch engine for reading normalized data from the database and routing normalized data according to rules in the database; and wherein the switch engine uses elements of normalized data to execute said rules.
15. The test system as claim in claim 12, wherein the test controller comprises a switch engine for reading normalized data from the database and routing normalized data according to rules in the database; and wherein the switch engine uses elements of normalized data to execute said rules; and wherein the routing decisions may be to reject traffic, authorise data and return it to its source, or route data to a different communications parser.
16. The test system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the test controller comprises a switch engine for reading normalized data from the database and routing normalized data according to rules in the database; and wherein the switch engine routes data to the conformance verifier for verification according to rules in the database.
17. The test system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the verifier is configured to perform conformance verification in a mode having the following data monitoring points:
a first point between the card and the terminal;
a second point between the terminal and the card;
a third point between the terminaL and the test system;
a fourth point between the test system and the terminal;
a fifth point between the external transaction processing system and the test system; and
a sixth point between the test system and the external transaction processing system.
18. The test system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the verifier is configured to perform conformance verification in a mode having only the first, second, third, and fourth points.
19. The test system as claim in claim 17, wherein the verifier is configured to perform conformance verification in a mode having only the first, second, third, and fourth points; and wherein the test controller comprises a simulator for simulating an external transaction processing system as seen by the terminal.
20. The test system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the verifier is configured to perform conformance verification with data from only the first and second points.
21. The test system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the verifier is configured to perform conformance verification with data from only the fifth and sixth points.
22. The test system as claimed in claim 17, wherein the verifier is configured to perform conformance verification with data from only the fifth and sixth points; and wherein the test system comprises a simulator for simulating a terminal as seen by an external transaction processing system.

1. An agricultural tractor having first and second rear wheels and first and second front wheels, said tractor comprising in combination:
a) a frame formed of square tubing;
b) first and second square telescoping tubes extendible from said frame for housing an axle for each of the first and second rear wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the rear wheels;
c) third and fourth square telescoping tubes extendible from a support secured to said frame for pivotally supporting each of the first and second front wheels, respectively to vary the width between the front wheels; and
d) further telescoping tubes extendible from said frame to vary the wheel base of said tractor.
2. The agricultural tractor as set forth in claim 1 wherein said support is secured to the terminal ends of said further telescoping tubes.
3. The agricultural tractor as set forth in claim 2, including a length of square tubing pivotally secured to said support, said length of tubing being adapted to receive said third and fourth telescoping tubes.
4. An agricultural tractor having first and second rear wheels and first and second front wheels, said tractor comprising in combination:
a) a frame formed of square tubing;
b) first and second square telescoping tubes extendible from said frame for housing an axle for each of the first and second rear wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the rear wheels;
c) third and fourth square telescoping tubes extendible from a support secured to said frame for pivotally supporting each of the first and second front wheels, respectively to vary the width between the front wheels;
d) further telescoping tubes extendible from said frame to vary the wheel base of said tractor, said support being secured to the terminal ends of said further telescoping tubes;
e) a length of square tubing pivotally secured to said support, said length of tubing being adapted to receive said third and fourth telescoping tubes; and
f) hydraulic rams for controlling the pivotal relationship in a vertical plane between said support and said length of tubing.
5. The agricultural tractor as set forth in claim 1, including a pivot mechanism interconnecting said support with said frame for accommodating differences in elevation of said first and second front wheels.
6. An agricultural tractor having first and second rear wheels and first and second front wheels, said tractor comprising in combination:
a) a frame formed of square tubing;
b) first and second square telescoping tubes extendible from said frame for housing an axle for each of the first and second rear wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the rear wheels;
c) third and fourth square telescoping tubes extendible from a support secured to said frame for pivotally supporting each of the first and second front wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the front wheels;
d) a pivot mechanism interconnecting said support with said frame for accommodating differences in elevation of said first and second front wheels;
e) hydraulic rams for causing pivotal movement of said support relative to said frame; and
f) further telescoping tubes extendible from said frame to vary the wheel base of said tractor.
7. The agricultural tractor as set forth in claim 1, including a first pivot mechanism disposed at the terminal end of said third telescoping tube for supporting said first front wheel, a second pivot mechanism disposed at the terminal end of said fourth telescoping tube for supporting said second front wheel.
8. The agricultural tractor as set forth in claim 7 wherein said first and second rear wheels rotate about a common axis of rotation, wherein said first front wheel rotates about a first axis of rotation and said second front wheel rotates about a second axis of rotation and including a steering mechanism for said first and second front wheels, said steering mechanism being adapted to cause the first and second axis of rotation to intercept one another along said common axis of rotation whenever said first and second front wheels are turned left or right off dead center.
9. An agricultural tractor having first and second rear wheels and first and second front wheels, said tractor comprising in combination:
a) a frame formed of square tubing;
b) first and second square telescoping tubes extendible from said frame for housing an axle for each of the first and second rear wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the rear wheels;
c) third and fourth square telescoping tubes extendible from a support secured to said frame for pivotally supporting each of the first and second front wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the front wheels;
d) a first pivot mechanism disposed at the terminal end of said third telescoping tube for supporting said first front wheel, a second pivot mechanism disposed at the terminal end of said fourth telescoping tube for supporting said second front wheel;
e) said first and second rear wheels rotating about a common axis of rotation, said first front wheel rotating about a first axis of rotation and said second front wheel rotating about a second axis of rotation and including a steering mechanism for said first and second front wheels, said steering mechanism being adapted to cause the first and second axis of rotation to intercept one another along said common axis of rotation whenever said first and second front wheels are turned left or right off dead center;
f) said steering mechanism including a pivoting member, a first set of links attached to said pivoting member at a first location and interconnecting with said pivot mechanism of said first front wheel and a second set of links attached to said pivoting member at a second location and interconnecting with said second pivot mechanism of said second front wheel, said first and second locations being displaced from one another and coincident with different radials extending from the pivot axis of said pivoting member; and
g) further telescoping tubes extendible from said frame to vary the wheel base of said tractor.
10. The agricultural tractor as set forth in claim 9 wherein said pivoting member is a triangular plate including three apices and having the pivot axis proximate one apex, each of said first and second sets of links being pivotally attached proximate one of the remaining apices.
11. An agricultural tractor having first and second rear wheels and first and second front wheels, said tractor comprising in combination:
a) a frame formed of square tubing;
b) first and second square telescoping tubes extendible from said frame for housing an axle for each of the first and second rear wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the rear wheels;
c) third and fourth square telescoping tubes extendible from a support secured to said frame for pivotally supporting each of the first and second front wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the front wheels;
d) first and second hydraulic rams for extending and retracting said first and second telescoping tubes and third and fourth hydraulic rams for extending and retracting said third and fourth telescoping tubes; and
e) further telescoping tubes extendible from said frame to vary the wheel base of said tractor.
12. An agricultural tractor having first and second rear wheels and first and second front wheels, said tractor comprising in combination:
a) a frame formed of square tubing;
b) first and second square telescoping tubes extendible from said frame for housing an axle for each of the first and second rear wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the rear wheels;
c) third and fourth square telescoping tubes extendible from a support secured to said frame for pivotally supporting each of the first and second front wheels, respectively, to vary the width between the front wheels;
d) further telescoping tubes extendible from said frame to vary the wheel base of said tractor; and
e) hydraulic rams for extending said further telescoping tubes.
13. The agricultural tractor as set forth in claim 12, including first and second hydraulic rams for extending and retracting said first and second telescoping tubes and third and fourth hydraulic rams for extending and retracting said third and fourth telescoping tubes.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A field-sequential type display device for performing color display by switching a plurality of emission colors of a light source with passage of time and synchronizing light emission timing of each emission color with an input of pixel data of each emission color corresponding to an image to be displayed, comprising:
an adder unit for creating summed pixel data by adding addition data to pixel data of each emission color inputted according to the image to be displayed; and
a display unit for receiving an input of the summed pixel data from said adder unit and performing color display by synchronizing the light emission timing of each emission color with the input of the summed pixel data.
2. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a switching unit for performing switching between color display performed based on the pixel data inputted according to the image to be displayed and color display performed based on the summed pixel data obtained by said adder unit.
3. The display device of claim 2, further comprising:
a measuring unit for measuring ambient illuminance; and
a control unit for controlling switching performed by said switching unit, based on a result of measurement obtained by said measuring unit.
4. The display device of claim 2, further comprising:
a storage unit for storing a plurality of kinds of data of mutually different levels for use as the addition data; and
a selecting unit for selecting one kind of data from the plurality of kinds of data stored by said storage unit.
5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising:
a measuring unit for measuring ambient illuminance; and
a control unit for controlling selection performed by said selecting unit, based on a result of measurement obtained by said measuring unit.
6. The display device of claim 2,
wherein the addition data is substantially white achromatic data.
7. The display device of claim 2, further comprising an intensity control unit for controlling intensities of the plurality of emission colors of the light source.
8. The display device of claim 2, further comprising a converting unit for creating converted pixel data by converting the inputted pixel data, according to the addition data,
wherein the addition data is added to the converted pixel data by said adder unit.
9. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a storage unit for storing a plurality of kinds of data of mutually different levels for use as the addition data; and
a selecting unit for selecting one kind of data from the plurality of kinds of data stored by said storage unit.
10. The display device of claim 9, further comprising:
a measuring unit for measuring ambient illuminance; and
a control unit for controlling selection performed by said selecting unit, based on a result of measurement obtained by said measuring unit.
11. The display device of claim 9,
wherein the addition data is substantially white achromatic data.
12. The display device of claim 9, further comprising an intensity control unit for controlling intensities of the plurality of emission colors of the light source.
13. The display device of claim 9, further comprising a converting unit for creating converted pixel data by converting the inputted pixel data, according to the addition data,
wherein the addition data is added to the converted pixel data by said adder unit.
14. The display device of claim 1,
wherein the addition data is substantially white achromatic data.
15. The display device of claim 1, further comprising an intensity control unit for controlling intensities of the plurality of emission colors of the light source.
16. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a converting unit for creating converted pixel data by converting the inputted pixel data, according to the addition data,
wherein the addition data is added to the converted pixel data by said adder unit.
17. The display device of claim 1, further comprising a detecting unit for detecting whether a level of the pixel data to be inputted is not more than a predetermined level,
wherein, when the level of the inputted pixel data is not more than the predetermined level, addition of the addition data is not performed by said adder unit.