Author: claimsbot

1. A reaction system comprising:
a first reaction promoter capable of converting a first substrate into a first substance; and
a plurality of microcapsules, each of said microcapsules comprising a second reaction promoter encapsulated within an encapsulant, said second reaction promoter being capable of converting a second substrate into a second substance, wherein the second substrate is capable of passing through the encapsulant to contact the second reaction promoter and the second substance is capable of passing out of the microcapsules through the encapsulant;
whereby either (a) the first substance is, or is capable of being converted into, the second substrate and, in operation, the conversion of the second substrate by the second reaction promoter occurs to a greater extent than the conversion of the first substrate by the second reaction promoter and the conversion of the second substance by the first reaction is promoter is low, or (b) the second substance is, or is capable of being converted into, the first substrate and, in operation, the conversion of the first substrate by the first reaction promoter occurs to a greater extent than the conversion of the second substrate by the first reaction promoter and the conversion of the first substance in the microcapsules is low.
2. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein, in case (a), the first reaction promoter is capable of interconverting the first substrate and the second substrate, and in case (b), the second reaction promoter is capable of interconverting the first substrate and the second substrate.
3. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the first and second reaction promoters are catalysts.
4. The reaction system of claim 1 comprising one or more further reaction promoters which are capable of converting the second substance (in case a) or converting the first substance (in case b).
5. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the first substance (case b) or the second substance (case a) passes slowly through the encapsulant or is incapable of passing therethrough.
6. The reaction system of claim 1 additionally comprising a separator for separating a product from the first reaction promoter and from the microcapsules.
7. The reaction system of claim 6 also comprising a purifier for purifying the separated product.
8. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the first reaction promoter is a selective reaction promoter.
9. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the microcapsules are capable of converting the second substrate to the second substance selectively.
10. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the encapsulant comprises a polymer.
11. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the encapsulant to comprises at least one positively charged polymeric layer and at least one negatively charged polymeric layer.
12. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the first and second reaction promoters are capable of interacting so as to deactivate one or both thereof, but in the reaction system of the present invention are at least partially prevented from doing so due to encapsulation of the second reaction promoter.
13. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein first reaction promoter and the microcapsules are distributed within a reaction medium.
14. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the microcapsules have a mean diameter of between about 0.2 and about 10 microns.
15. The reaction system of claim 1 wherein the microcapsules comprise an energy absorber for absorbing energy in order to promote the reaction promoted by the second reaction promoter.
16. A method for conducting a reaction comprising:
providing a reaction system comprising (i) a first reaction promoter capable of converting a first substrate into a first substance; and (ii) a plurality of microcapsules, each of said microcapsules comprising a second reaction promoter encapsulated within an encapsulant, said second reaction promoter being capable of converting a second substrate into a second substance, wherein the second substrate is capable of passing through the encapsulant to contact the second reaction promoter and the second substance is capable of passing out of the microcapsules through the encapsulant; and
adding either the first substrate or the second substrate or both the first substrate and the second substrate to the reaction system;
whereby either (a) the first substance is, or is capable of being converted into, the second substrate, such that the first substrate is converted either directly or indirectly to the second substrate and the second substrate is converted to the second substance, or (b) the second substance is, or is capable of being converted into, the first substrate, such that the second substrate is converted either directly or indirectly to the first substrate and the first substrate is converted to the first substance.
17. The method of claim 16 whereby in case (a) the first reaction promoter interconverts the first and second substrates and in case (b) the second reaction promoter interconverts the first and second substrates.
18. The method of claim 16 wherein first substrate and the second substrate are added together to the reaction system.
19. The method of claim 16 comprising separating a product from the reaction system.
20. The method of claim 16 comprising heating the reaction system andor irradiating the reaction system with radiation of a wavelength capable of being absorbed by a component of the reaction system, by the first or second substrate or by more than one of these.
21. A reaction system for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of a racemic alcohol comprising:
a first catalyst capable of esterifying a first optical isomer of the alcohol to form a first optical isomer of an ester of the alcohol at a rate greater than it esterifies a second optical isomer of the alcohol; and
a plurality of microcapsules, each of said microcapsules comprising a second catalyst encapsulated within an encapsulant, said second catalyst being capable of racemising the second optical isomer of the alcohol, wherein the second optical isomer of the alcohol is capable of passing through the encapsulant to contact the second catalyst and the first optical isomer of the alcohol is capable of passing out of the microcapsules through the encapsulant;
whereby the rate of racemisation of the first optical isomer of the ester of the alcohol in 30 the microcapsules is low.
22. A method for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of a racemic alcohol comprising:
providing a reaction system comprising (i\u2032\u2033) a first catalyst capable of esterifying a first optical isomer of the alcohol to form a first optical isomer of an ester of the alcohol at a rate greater than it esterifies a second optical isomer of the alcohol; and (ii\u2032\u2033) a plurality of microcapsules, each of said microcapsules comprising a second catalyst encapsulated within an encapsulant, said second catalyst being capable of racernising the second optical isomer of the alcohol, wherein the second optical isomer of the alcohol is capable of passing through the encapsulant to contact the second catalyst and the first optical isomer of the alcohol is capable of passing out of the microcapsules through the encapsulant; whereby the rate of racemisation of the first optical isomer of the ester of the alcohol in the microcapsules is low; and
adding the racemic alcohol to the reaction system;
whereby the first optical isomer of the alcohol is converted to the first optical isomer of the ester and the second optical isomer is racemised to form a mixture of the first and second optical isomers of the alcohol.
23. A product produced by the method of claim 16.
24. A reaction system comprising:
a first reaction promoter capable of converting a first substrate into a first substance; and
a plurality of microcapsules, each of said microcapsules comprising a second reaction promoter encapsulated within an encapsulant, said second reaction promoter being capable of converting a second substrate into a second substance, wherein the second substrate is capable of passing through the encapsulant to contact the second reaction promoter and the second substance is capable of passing out of the microcapsules through the encapsulant;
whereby the first and second reaction promoters are capable of interacting so as to deactivate one or both thereof, but in the reaction system are at least partially prevented from doing so due to encapsulation of the second reaction promoter.
25. The reaction system of claim 24 whereby either (a) the first substance is the second substrate, or (b) the second substance is the first substrate.
26. A method for conducting a reaction comprising:
providing a reaction system comprising (i) a first reaction promoter capable of converting a first substrate into a first substance; and (ii) a plurality of microcapsules, each of said microcapsules comprising a second reaction promoter encapsulated within an encapsulant, said second reaction promoter being capable of converting a second substrate into a second substance, wherein the second substrate is capable of passing through the encapsulant to contact the second reaction promoter and the second substance is capable of passing out of the microcapsules through the encapsulant; and
adding either the first substrate or the second substrate or both the first substrate and the second substrate to the reaction system;
whereby either (a) the first substance is the second substrate, or (b) the second substance is the first substrate, and whereby the first and second reaction promoters are capable of interacting so as to deactivate one or both thereof, but in the reaction system are at least partially prevented from doing so due to encapsulation of the second reaction promoter.
27. A product produced by the method of claim 26.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a controller that provisions services for transporting packet flows within a network, a service request that comprises a definition for a service to be provided by the network for a subscriber or a customer of the network;
determining, by the controller, a plurality of network resources of at least one network device to be configured to implement the service in the network and apply the service to the packet-based network traffic of the subscriber; and
only upon acquiring a lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device and by the controller, configuring the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device to provision the service, wherein the lock is acquired from a network-wide coordination repository that stores a software representation for each of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, and wherein the lock provides exclusive configuration access to the controller for the plurality of network resources.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device comprises acquiring a separate lock from the coordination repository for each of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, wherein the separate lock for each network resource of the plurality of network resources provides exclusive configuration access to the controller for the network resource.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device comprises atomically acquiring a single lock from the coordination repository for all of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, wherein the single lock for the plurality of network resources provides the exclusive configuration access to the controller for the plurality of network resources.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the service comprises one of a one of a point-to-point Ethernet service, multipoint-to-multipoint Ethernet service, point-to-multipoint Ethernet service, full-mesh layer 3 virtual private networking (L3VPN) service, and hub-and-spoke L3VPN service.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a first service provisioning module and a second provisioning module, the method further comprising:
delegating, by the controller, the service request to the first service provisioning module,
wherein acquiring the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device comprises acquiring, by the first service provisioning module, the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, and
wherein the second provisioning module refrains from configuring any of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device so long as the first service provisioning module has the lock.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device comprises:
creating, by the first service provisioning module, a node in the coordination repository, the node associated with the software representation for a first network resource of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device,
wherein the second provisioning module refrains from configuring any of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device while the node exists.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
deleting, by the first service provisioning module, the node in the coordination repository;
acquiring, by the second service provisioning module, a lock for the first network resource by creating the node in the coordination repository.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device comprises:
creating, by the controller, a node in the coordination repository, the node associated with the software representation for a first network resource of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the node comprises one of a barrier node and an ephemeral barrier node.
10. The method of claim 1,
wherein the coordination repository comprises one or more servers that provide a network-wide synchronous network resource locking service by synchronizing the software representation for each of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein a first network resource of the plurality of network resources comprises one of a network device to be configured and a component of a network device to be configured.
12. A controller that provisions services for transporting packet flows within a network, the controller comprising:
one or more processors coupled to a memory;
a service provisioning module executed by the one or more processors to:
receive a service request that comprises a definition for a service to be provided by the network for a subscriber or a customer of the network;
determine a plurality of network resources of at least one network device to be configured to implement the service in the network and apply the service to the packet-based network traffic of the subscriber; and

a locking unit executed by the one or more processors to acquire a lock from a network-wide coordination repository that stores a software representation for each of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, the lock providing exclusive configuration access to the service provisioning module for the plurality of network resources,
wherein the service provisioning module, only upon the locking unit acquiring the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, is executed by the one or more processors to configure the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device to provision the service.
13. The controller of claim 12, wherein to acquire the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device the locking unit acquires a separate lock from the coordination repository for each of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, wherein the separate lock for each network resource of the plurality of network resources provides exclusive configuration access to the controller for the network resource.
14. The controller of claim 12, wherein to acquire the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device the locking unit atomically acquires a single lock from the coordination repository for all of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, wherein the single lock for the plurality of network resources provides the exclusive configuration access to the controller for the plurality of network resources.
15. The controller of claim 12, wherein the service comprises one of a one of a point-to-point Ethernet service, multipoint-to-multipoint Ethernet service, point-to-multipoint Ethernet service, full-mesh layer 3 virtual private networking (L3VPN) service, and hub-and-spoke L3VPN service.
16. The controller of claim 12,
wherein the service provisioning module comprises a first service provisioning module,
wherein the controller comprises a second provisioning module,
wherein the controller delegates the service request to the first service provisioning module, and
wherein the second provisioning module refrains from configuring any of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device so long as the first service provisioning module has the lock.
17. The controller of claim 12, wherein to acquire the lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device the locking unit creates a node in the coordination repository, the node associated with the software representation for a first network resource of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device.
18. The controller of claim 17, wherein the node comprises one of a barrier node and an ephemeral barrier node.
19. The controller of claim 12, wherein a first network resource of the plurality of network resources comprises one of a network device to be configured and a component of a network device to be configured.
20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions for causing one or more programmable processors to:
receive, by a controller that provisions services for transporting packet flows within a network, a service request that comprises a definition for a service to be provided by the network for a subscriber or a customer of the network;
determine, by the controller, a plurality of network resources of at least one network device to be configured to implement the service in the network and apply the service to the packet-based network traffic of the subscriber; and
only upon acquiring a lock for the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device and by the controller, configure the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device to provision the service, wherein the lock is acquired from a network-wide coordination repository that stores a software representation for each of the plurality of network resources of the at least one network device, and wherein the lock provides exclusive configuration access to the controller for the plurality of network resources.

1. An adaptive zero-current sense method for a switching regulator including a low-side switch connected to a phase node and switched to control an inductor current, the low-side switch having a body diode, the method comprising the steps of:
A. monitoring the inductor current during the low-side switch is on;
B. triggering a first signal to turn off the low-side switch if the inductor current falls down to a zero-current threshold during the low-side switch is on;
C. monitoring a turn-on time of the body diode after the low-side switch is turned off in response to the first signal;
D. determining a second signal to adjust the zero-current threshold according to the turn-on time of the body diode; and
E. adjusting the zero-current threshold if the turn-on time of the body diode is shorter than a given value.
2. The adaptive zero-current sense method of claim 1, wherein the step A comprises the step of comparing a voltage on the phase node with a reference voltage by a comparator.
3. The adaptive zero-current sense method of claim 2, further comprising the step of turning off the first signal when the voltage on the phase node rises up across the reference voltage.
4. The adaptive zero-current sense method of claim 2, wherein the step C comprises the step of determining the turn-on time of the body diode by using the first signal and the voltage on the phase node.
5. The adaptive zero-current sense method of claim 2, wherein the step E comprises the steps of providing an offset voltage to the input of the comparator which receives the voltage on the phase node or the reference voltage.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of processing an image, the method comprising:
converting a color space based on input image signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of pixels of the image and outputting hue signals, saturation signals, and first luminance signals for the plurality of pixels of the image based on the input image signals;
calculating margin values indicating margins with respect to maximum brightnesses for the corresponding hue signals;
setting up control values for controlling the first luminance signals based on the corresponding saturation signals and the corresponding margin values;
adjusting brightnesses of the first luminance signals based on the first luminance signals and the corresponding control values and outputting second luminance signals with the adjusted brightnesses; and
converting a color space based on the hue signals, the saturation signals, and the second luminance signals and outputting output image signals having the converted color space.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating of the margin values comprises:
detecting hue components included in the image indicated by the input image signals based on the hue signals; and
calculating the margin values based on a result of the detecting of the hue components.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the setting up of the control values comprises:
setting up the control values by selectively using the corresponding margin values for the hue signals and corresponding maximum values defined in maximum defining information for the hue signals.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the setting up of the control values by selectively using the corresponding margin values for the hue signals comprises:
selectively using the margin values if the corresponding maximum values are greater than the corresponding margin values; and
selectively using the maximum values if the corresponding maximum values are less than the corresponding margin values.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the input image signals and the output image signals comprises an R signal corresponding to a red hue, a G signal corresponding to a green hue, and a B signal corresponding to a blue hue.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting of the color space based on the input image signals comprises:
converting each input image signal to the corresponding hue signal according to:
H
=

{
60
\xd7

(
G
\ue89e
\ue89e
i

–

B
\ue89e
\ue89e
i
MAX
–
MIN
)
(
When
\ue89e
\ue89e
MAX

=

R
\ue89e
\ue89e
i
)
60
\xd7

(

2
+
R
\ue89e
\ue89e
i

–

B
\ue89e
\ue89e
i
MAX
–
MIN
)
(
When
\ue89e
\ue89e
MAX

=

G
\ue89e
\ue89e
i
)
60
\xd7

(

4
+
G
\ue89e
\ue89e
i

–

R
\ue89e
\ue89e
i
MAX
–
MIN
)
(
When
\ue89e
\ue89e
MAX

=

B
\ue89e
\ue89e
i
)
0
(
When
\ue89e
\ue89e
MAX

=
0

)

;
converting each input image signal to the corresponding saturation signal according to:
S
=

{
0
\ue89e
\ue89e

(
When
\ue89e
\ue89e
MAX

=
0

)
MAX
–
MIN

MAX
;
and
converting each input image signal to the corresponding first luminance signal according to:
V=MAX,
where Gi is a green hue signal of the input image signal, Bi is a blue hue signal of the input image signal, Ri is a red hue signal of the input image signal, MAX is a maximum value of the R signal, the G signal, and the B signal, MIN is a minimum value of the R signal, the G signal, and the B signal, H is the hue signal, S is the saturation signal, and V is the first luminance signal.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the setting up of the control values comprises determining each control value according to:
y
=

100
+
p
\xb7
(

x
100

)

2
\ue89e
\ue89e

(

0
\u2264
p
\u2264
100

)
,
where y indicates the control value, p indicates the corresponding margin value, and x indicates a value of the corresponding saturation signal.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the setting up of the control values comprises determining each control value according to:
y=1.0+p\xb7x2(0\u2266p\u22661.0),

where y indicates the control value, p indicates the corresponding margin value, and x indicates a value of the corresponding saturation signal.
9. An image signal processing device comprising:
a first color space converting unit which converts a color space based on input image signals and which outputs hue signals, saturation signals, and first luminance signals for the plurality of pixels of an image based on the input image signals;
a margin value calculating unit which calculates margin values indicating margins with respect to maximum brightnesses for the corresponding hue signals;
a control value set up unit which sets up control values for controlling the corresponding first luminance signals based on the corresponding saturation signals and the corresponding margin values;
a brightness adjusting unit which adjusts brightnesses of the first luminance signals based on the first luminance signals and the corresponding control values, and which outputs second luminance signals with the adjusted brightnesses; and
a second color space converting unit which converts a color space based on the hue signals, the saturation signals, and the second luminance signals and which outputs output image signals having the converted color space.
10. The image signal processing device of claim 9, wherein each of the input image signals and the output image signals comprises an R signal corresponding to a red hue, a G signal corresponding to a green hue, and a B signal corresponding to a blue hue.
11. The image signal processing device of claim 9, wherein the brightness adjusting unit adjusts the brightnesses of the first luminance signals by multiplying the corresponding control values by the first luminance signals.
12. The image signal processing device of claim 9, wherein:
the control value set up unit sets up the control values based on maximum defining information including maximum values for defining maximums of control values for the corresponding hue signals; and
the control value set up unit compares the margin values and the maximum values, and sets up the control values by selectively using the corresponding margin values if the corresponding maximum values are greater than the corresponding margin values and sets up the control values by selectively using the corresponding maximum values if the corresponding maximum values are less than the corresponding margin values.
13. A computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program implemented by a computer to execute a method of processing an image, the method comprising:
converting a color space based on input image signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of pixels of the image, each of which comprises an R signal corresponding to a red hue, a G signal corresponding to a green hue, and a B signal corresponding to a blue hue, and outputting hue signals, saturation signals, and first luminance signals for the plurality of pixels of the image based on the corresponding input image signals;
calculating margin values indicating margins with respect to maximum brightnesses, for the corresponding hue signals;
setting up control values for controlling the first luminance signals based on the corresponding saturation signals and the corresponding margin values;
adjusting brightnesses of the first luminance signals based on the first luminance signals and the corresponding control values and outputting second luminance signals with the adjusted brightnesses; and
converting a color space based on the hue signals, the saturation signals, and the second luminance signals and outputting output image signals, each of which includes an R signal, a G signal, and a B signal according to the converted color space.
14. An image display device comprising:
an image signal adjusting unit which adjusts gradation of each of a plurality of pixels in respectively corresponding input image signals; and
an image display unit which displays an image based on the image signals adjusted by the image signal adjusting unit,
wherein the image signal adjusting unit comprises:
a first color space converting unit which converts a color space based on the input image signals and which outputs hue signals, saturation signals, and first luminance signals for the plurality of pixels based on the input image signals;
a margin value calculating unit which calculates margin values indicating margins with respect to maximum brightnesses for the corresponding hue signals;
a control value set up unit which sets up control values for controlling the corresponding first luminance signals based on the corresponding saturation signals and the corresponding margin values;
a brightness adjusting unit which adjusts brightnesses of the first luminance signals based on the first luminance signals and the corresponding control values, and which outputs second luminance signals with the adjusted brightnesses; and
a second color space converting unit which converts a color space based on the hue signals, the saturation signals, and the second luminance signals and which outputs output image signals having the converted color space to the image display unit.
15. The image display device of claim 14, wherein each of the input image signals and the output image signals comprises an R signal corresponding to a red hue, a G signal corresponding to a green hue, and a B signal corresponding to a blue hue.
16. The image display device of claim 14, wherein the image display unit comprises:
a display unit which displays the image indicated by the output image signals;
a row driving unit and a column driving unit which apply voltages signals to the plurality of pixels in the display unit, such that each of the pixels emits light; and
a display control unit which inputs control signals to the row driving unit or the column driving unit to apply voltages for turning the pixels on or off according to the output image signals adjusted by the image signal adjusting unit.
17. The image display device of claim 14, wherein the control value set up unit sets up the control values based on the corresponding margin values, the corresponding saturation signals, and corresponding maximum defining information.
18. The image display device of claim 14, wherein the brightness adjusting unit adjusts the brightnesses of the first luminance signals by multiplying the corresponding control values by the first luminance signal.
19. A method of processing an image, the method comprising:
converting a color space based on input image signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of pixels of the image and outputting hue signals, saturation signals, and first luminance signals based on the input image signals;
adjusting brightnesses of the first luminance signals based on the corresponding saturation signals and corresponding margin values indicating margins with respect to maximum brightnesses for the corresponding hue signals, and outputting second luminance signals with the adjusted brightnesses; and
converting a color space based on the hue signals, the saturation signals, and the second luminance signals and outputting output image signals having the converted color space.
20. A computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program executable by a computer for performing the method of claim 19.