Author: claimsbot

1. An optically recorded article comprising a pattern of isomerized material in two isomeric forms in a cross linked matrix, wherein one of the isomeric forms is capable of being converted to the other form by one-electron oxidation and wherein said matrix was polymerized in-situ, and wherein said article further comprises a recording sensitizer.
2. The optically recorded article of claim 1 wherein said isomeric forms comprise
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
3. The optically recorded article of claim 2 wherein said isomeric forms comprise at least one of the following pairs:
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
4. The optically recorded article of claim 3 wherein said isomeric forms comprise
5. The optically recorded article of claim 1 wherein said isomeric forms comprise
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
6. The optically recorded article of claim 5 wherein said isomeric forms comprise, at least one of the following isomeric pairs
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
7. The optically recorded article of claim 6 wherein said two isomeric forms comprise at least one of the following isomeric pairs:
8. The optically recorded article of claim 1 wherein said matrix comprises a polymer formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
9. The optically recorded article of claim 8 wherein said ethylenically unsaturated monomers are selected from the group consisting of methacrylic and acrylic esters.
10. The optically recorded article of claim 8 wherein said ethylenically unsaturated monomers have been thermally cured at less than 100\xb0 C.
11. The optically recorded article of claim 10 wherein said ethylenically unsaturated monomers have been thermally cured at between 20 and 80\xb0 C.
12. The optically recorded article of claim 1 wherein said pattern was formed by light that caused isomerization.
13. An optical recording material comprising an isomerizable material, an in-situ polymerized cross linked matrix and a recording sensitizer, wherein the isomerizable material is capable of photo-sensitized electron transfer forming an oxidized reactant, said oxidized reactant is transformed into an oxidized product.
14. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein said oxidized product is capable of oxidizing additional said isomerizable material, thus defining the propagation of a chain reaction.
15. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein the algebraic sum of the excitation energy of said recording sensitizer and its reduction potential is approximately equal to or larger than the oxidation potential of said isomerizable material whereby said recording sensitizer upon absorption of said actinic radiation will be capable of accepting an electron from said isomerizable material.
16. The optical recording material of claim 15 wherein said recording sensitizer is a cyanoaromatic compound, a pyridinium salt, a pyryllium salt, a thiopyryllium salt, a quinone, or a cyanine dye.
17. The optical recording material of claim 15 wherein said recording sensitizer is
18. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein said recording sensitizer upon absorption of actinic radiation reacts to produce a fragment radical cation, said fragment radical cation being capable of accepting an electron from said reactant, whereby the oxidation potential of the neutral fragment is greater than that of said isomerizable material.
19. The optical recording material of claim 18 wherein said recording sensitizer is:
20. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein said change in optical properties comprises a change in refractive indexes.
21. An optical recording material of claim 13 further comprising a support.
22. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein said isomerizable material undergoes one of the following transformations:
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
23. The optical recording material of claim 22 wherein said isomerizable material undergoes one of the following transformations:
wherein R is
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
24. The optical recording material of claim 23 wherein said isomerizable material undergoes one of the following transformations:
25. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein said isomerizable material undergoes one of the following transformations
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
26. The optical recording material of claim 25 wherein said isomerizable material undergoes one of the following transformations:
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
27. The optical recording material of claim 26 wherein said isomerizable material undergoes one of the following transformations:
28. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein said matrix comprises a polymer formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
29. The optical recording material of claim 28 wherein said ethylenically unsaturated monomers are selected from the group consisting of methacrylic and acrylic esters.
30. The optical recording material of claim 28 wherein said ethylenically unsaturated monomers have been thermally cured at less than 100\xb0 C.
31. The optical recording material of claim 30 wherein said ethylenically unsaturated monomers have been thermally cured at between 20 and 80\xb0 C.
32. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein the algebraic sum of the excitation energy of said recording sensitizer and its reduction potential is approximately equal to or larger than the oxidation potential of said isomerizable material whereby said recording sensitizer upon absorption of said actinic radiation will be capable of accepting an electron from said isomerizable material.
33. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein said recording sensitizer is a cyanoaromatic compound, a pyridinium salt, a pyryllium salt, a thiopyryllium salt, a quinone, or a cyanine dye.
34. The optical recording material of claim 33 wherein said recording sensitizer is:
35. The optical recording material of claim 13 wherein said recording sensitizer upon absorption of actinic radiation reacts to produce a fragment radical cation, said fragment radical cation being capable of accepting an electron from said isomerizable material, whereby the oxidation potential of the neutral fragment is greater than that of said isomerizable material.
36. The optical recording material of claim 35 wherein said recording sensitizer is:
37. The optically recorded material of claim 13 wherein said matrix was polymerized by exposure to light of wavelength between 450 to 700 nanometers.
38. A method of forming an optically recorded article comprising providing a mixture of matrix precursor, recording sensitizer and isomerizable material, polymerizing said matrix precursor to form an optical cross linked recording article, and irradiating at least a portion of said optical recording article to form an image.
39. The method of claim 38 wherein said irradiating causes isomerization of said isomerizable material thereby creating regions of material with changed optical properties.
40. The method of claim 38 wherein said polymerizing of said matrix precursor is performed by heating.
41. The method of claim 38 wherein said polymerizing of said matrix precursor is performed by exposure to light of a wavelength different than the wavelength of light utilized for said irradiating.
42. The method of claim 38 wherein said light beam is a collimated laser beam.
43. The method of claim 41 wherein said matrix is polymerized by photochemical activation.
44. The method of claim 38 wherein said isomerizable material comprises the isomeric forms
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
45. The method of claim 44 wherein said two isomeric forms comprise at least one of the following pairs:
wherein R is
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
46. The method of claim 45 wherein the two isomeric forms comprise at least one of the following pairs:
47. The method of claim 38 wherein said isomerizable material comprises the isomeric forms
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
48. The method of claim 47 wherein said isomeric forms comprise least one of the following isomeric pairs
wherein
each R independently represents H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a carbonyl-containing group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, or two or more R groups can be joined together to form an additional ring system.
49. The method of claim 48 wherein said isomeric forms comprise at least one of the following isomeric pairs:
50. The method of claim 38 wherein said matrix precursor is ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected from the group consisting of methacrylic and acrylic esters.
51. The method of claim 38 wherein the polymerizing of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers is by thermally curing at temperatures less than 100\xb0 C.
52. The method of claim 38 wherein the polymerizing of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers is by thermally curing at temperatures between 20 and 80\xb0 C.
53. The method of claim 38 wherein said recording sensitizer comprises a cyanoaromatic compound, a pyridinium salt, a pyryllium salt, a thiopyryllium salt, or a quinone.
54. The method of claim 53 wherein said recording sensitizer is
55. The method of claim 38 wherein isomerizing said reactant causes a change in refractive indexes.
56. The method of claim 38 wherein said matrix material is in-situ polymerized by optical exposure to light of a wavelength between 450 and 700 nanometers.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A motor assist apparatus for a vehicle having a motor for assisting driving force of a vehicle engine, the apparatus having a motor housing installed in series between a cylinder block of the vehicle engine and a case of a vehicle transmission, and the motor housing having a length in the cylinder line direction which is equal to the distance between the centers of cylinders of the engine.
2. A motor assist apparatus for a vehicle as defined in claim 1, wherein the motor housing has disposed therein, in order from the engine side toward the transmission, a starter drive gear, a rotational position sensor defined by a sensor stator and a sensor rotor, and the motor defined by a motor stator and a motor rotor.
3. A motor assist apparatus for a vehicle as defined in claim 2, wherein a motor cable linked to the motor stator is arranged in said motor housing toward the engine side, and the rotational sensor is arranged radially inwardly of the motor cable.
4. A motor assist apparatus for a vehicle as defined in claim 2, wherein the starter drive gear is formed by metal plate processing.
5. A motor assist apparatus for a vehicle as defined in claim 4, wherein a starter motor to drive the said starter drive gear is mounted to the motor housing .
6. In a vehicle having an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders which have centerlines disposed in a plane which extends parallel with a rotational axis of a rotatable crankshaft of the engine, the centerlines of adjacent cylinders being spaced a predefined distance apart along said axis, the engine having an engine block which terminates in an end face at an output end of the engine, a multi-speed transmission aligned with and driven from the engine, and a driving assist apparatus including an electric motor interposed in series between the output end of the engine and an input end of the transmission to assist in driving of the vehicle, comprising the improvement wherein the driving assist apparatus includes a motor housing which has one end connected to the end face of the engine block and the other end connected to an input end of the transmission casing, the motor housing mounting therein the motor, and the motor housing in the direction of said axis having a length which equals the predefined distance between adjacent said cylinders.
7. A vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the crankshaft has an output end which is disposed in the vicinity of said end face, and wherein the motor housing has disposed sequentially therein, in a direction toward the transmission, a starter drive gear connected to the output end of the crankshaft, a rotational position sensor including a sensor stator and a sensor rotor, and said motor including a motor stator and a motor rotor.
8. A vehicle according to claim 6, wherein a flywheel is positioned in the vicinity of the interface between the transmission housing and the motor housing.
9. A vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the motor housing has disposed sequentially therein, in a direction toward the flywheel, a rotation position sensor and said motor, and wherein a starter drive gear is mounted on said flywheel.

What is claimed is:

1. A composition comprising at least two types of discrete fluorescent materials, each capable of emitting a distinct fluorescent light, said materials encapsulated by a shell barrier.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein fluorescent signal emitting materials comprise microspheres or nanospheres.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein fluorescent signal emitting materials comprise powders, crystals, rods, fibers, liquids, and combination thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the shell barrier comprises a layer of a polymerizable material.
5. The composition of claim 1 which exhibits a spherical shape or a granular shape.
6. The composition of claim 1 whereby said composition has a diameter of about 1 nanometer to about 10 millimeters.
7. A fluorescence encapsulation device comprising an inner zone delimited by a capsule shell that inhibits the leakage of fluorescence emitting materials, wherein the capsule shell comprises a hydrophilic or a hydrophobic polymer material, wherein the inner zone comprises two or more fluorescent light emitting materials each capable of emitting at least one distinct fluorescent signal.
8. A method of making a capsule, which emits at least two distinct fluorescent signals comprising the steps of:
a) mixing in a matrix material at least two fluorescent materials at a desired ratio;
b) forming a droplet out of mixture obtained at step (a), and;
c) encapsulating formed droplet by a capsule material.
9. A process for encapsulating two or more fluorescent materials each capable of emitting at least one distinct fluorescent signal in a shell comprising:
a) dispersing or dissolving said fluorescent materials in a matrix-forming material,
b) adding a shell material or precursor thereof to stirred fluorescent materials in the matrix-forming material, and
c) polymerizing the shell material or its precursor to the polymerized shell which encapsulates the fluorescent materials.
10. A process for encapsulating fluorescent materials in a shell comprising:
a) preparing an encapsulation composition by dispersing or dissolving said fluorescent materials in a matrix-forming material,
b) emulsifying the encapsulation composition in a solution of gelatin,
c) mixing at desired rate the obtained solution to allow said encapsulation composition to break up into droplets of desired size,
d) adding a solution of gum arabic,
e) thermally softening the obtained solution while adding warm water,
f) bringing the pH of the solution to about 4.0 and 4.4,
g) cooling the solution and adding a cross-linking agent to form the capsule shell,
h) bringing the pH to about 9, and;
i) curing the capsule shell by raising the temperature to about 50 C.
11. A composition comprising (i) two or more substances, each substance capable of emitting a distinctive fluorescent signal, (ii) a shell barrier encapsulating said two or more substances.
12. The composition of claim 11 in which said fluorescent signal is distinctive by way of its wavelength.
13. The composition of claim 11 in which said fluorescent signal is distinctive by way of its intensity.
14. The composition of claim 11 in which said fluorescent signal is distinctive by way of its wavelength, intensity, or both.
15. The composition of claim 11 in which said substance comprises one or more particles each particle stained with a fluorescent dye.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An aluminosilicate mixture for fabricating fireproof, high-strength granules, the mixture comprising a product of a combined grind of preliminarily roasted kaolin and bauxite, wherein:
the roasted kaolin is present in the mixture in an amount of 33-67 wt. % and is produced by roasting a kaolin containing Al2O3 in an amount of 40-45 wt. % and free quartz in an amount that is no more than 5 wt. %, at a temperature in the range of from 1400\xb0 C. to 1500\xb0 C., to a water absorption of no more than 5%,
the balance of the mixture being roasted bauxite, produced by roasting a bauxite at a temperature higher than 1100\xb0 C., and
wherein the mixture contains no less than 50 wt. % of Al2O3.
2. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the roasted bauxite is produced by roasting a bauxite that contains 60-65 wt. % of Al2O3 at a temperature within the range of from 1500\xb0 C. to 1700\xb0 C. to a water absorption of no more than 5%.
3. The mixture of claim 2, wherein the roasted bauxite is produced by roasting the bauxite at a temperature in the range of from 1600\xb0 C. to 1650\xb0 C.
4. The mixture of claim 1, wherein the roasted bauxite is produced by roasting a bauxite that contains more than 65 wt. % of Al2O3, at a temperature within the range of from 1100\xb0 C. to 1400\xb0 C., to a water absorption in the range of from 20 to 35%.
5. The mixture of claim 4, wherein the roasted bauxite is produced by roasting the bauxite at a temperature in the range of 1250\xb0 C. to 1300\xb0 C.
6. A propping composition containing fireproof, high strength granules fabricated by roasting the mixture of claim 1.
7. Fireproof, high-strength spherical granules manufactured by drying, sieving and roasting, at a temperature in the range of from 1500\xb0 C. to 1700\xb0 C., the product of the combined grind of claim 1.
8. A method for producing fireproof, high-strength essentially spherical granules, the method comprising:
a. mixture granulating roasted kaolin, prepared by roasting a kaolin containing Al2O3 in an amount of 40-45 wt. % and free quartz in an amount of no more than 5 wt. %, at a temperature in the range of from 1400\xb0 C. to 1500\xb0 C., to a water absorption of no more than 5%, and roasted bauxite, prepared by roasting a bauxite at a temperature higher than 1100\xb0 C., wherein the mixture has no less than 50 wt. % of Al2O3 and includes 33-67 wt. % roasted kaolin, the balance of the mixture being roasted bauxite, to form granules;
b. drying the granules to form dried granules;
c. sieving the dried granules to obtained a cut of the dried granules; and
d. roasting the cut of dried granules at a temperature in the range of from 1500\xb0 C. to 1700\xb0 C., to produce the fireproof, high-strength essentially spherical granules.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the roasted bauxite is prepared by roasting a bauxite that contains 60-65 wt. % of Al2O3 at a temperature in the range of from 1500\xb0 C. to 1700\xb0 C. to a water absorption of no more than 5%.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the roasted bauxite is prepared by roasting the bauxite at a temperature in the range of from 1600\xb0 C. to 1650\xb0 C.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the roasted bauxite is prepared by roasting a bauxite that contains more than 65 wt. % of Al2O3, at a temperature within the range of from 1100\xb0 C. to 1400\xb0 C., to a water absorption in the range of from 20 to 35%.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the roasted bauxite is prepared by roasting the bauxite at a temperature in the range of 1250\xb0 C. to 1300\xb0 C.
13. Fireproof, high-strength, essentially spherical granules produced by the method of claim 8.
14. Granules comprising a roasted aluminosilicate mixture, obtained by roasting at a temperature in the range of 1500\xb0 C. to 1700\xb0 C. an aluminosilicate mixture containing no less than 50 wt. % of Al2O3 and including
33-67 wt. % roasted kaolin obtained by roasting, at a temperature in the range of from 1400\xb0 C. to 1500\xb0 C., to a water absorption of no more than 5%, a kaolin containing Al2O3 in an amount of 40-45 wt. % and free quartz in an amount that is no more than 5 wt. %,
the balance of the mixture being roasted bauxite, obtained by roasting bauxite at a temperature higher than 1100\xb0 C.
15. The granules of claim 14, wherein the roasted bauxite is obtained by roasting a bauxite that contains 60-65 wt. % of Al2O3 at a temperature within the range of from 1500\xb0 C. to 1700\xb0 C. to a water absorption of no more than 5%.
16. The granules of claim 15, wherein the roasted bauxite is obtained by roasting the bauxite at a temperature in the range of from 1600\xb0 C. to 1650\xb0 C.
17. The granules of claim 14, wherein the roasted bauxite is obtained by roasting a bauxite that contains more than 65 wt. % of Al2O3, at a temperature within the range of from 1100\xb0 C. to 1400\xb0 C., to a water absorption in the range of from 20 to 35%.
18. The granules of claim 17, wherein the roasted bauxite is obtained by roasting the bauxite at a temperature in the range of 1250\xb0 C. to 1300\xb0 C.
19. A propping composition containing the granules of claim 14.