Author: claimsbot

1. A sliding cascode circuit comprising:
a first transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its source coupled to a first voltage supply and its gate adapted to receive an input signal;
a second transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its drain coupled to an output node, and its source coupled to the drain of the first transistor;
a first impedance coupled from the first voltage supply to the gate of the second transistor; and
a second impedance coupled from the gate of the second transistor to the output node;
wherein the first and second impedances have substantially the same value and form a feedback network that distributes voltage at the output node across the first and second transistors, thereby increasing maximum voltage swing of the circuit relative to a single transistor configuration.
2. The circuit of claim 1 further comprising: a third transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its drain coupled to a first bias voltage source, its source coupled to the gate of the second transistor, and its gate adapted to receive control signals that turn the third transistor on and off in order to set a DC operating point of the circuit.
3. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the first and second impedances are capacitors.
4. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the first and second impedances are resistors of substantially the same value.
5. The circuit of claim 2 wherein the first, second, and third transistors are PFETs.
6. An integrator with sliding cascode amplifier circuit, comprising:
a first transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its source coupled to a first voltage supply and its gate adapted to receive an input signal;
a second transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its drain coupled to an output node, and its source coupled to the drain of the first transistor;
a first impedance coupled from the first voltage supply to the gate of the second transistor, wherein said first impedance is a first capacitor;
a second impedance coupled from the gate of the second transistor to the output node, wherein said second impedance is a second capacitor; and
an integration capacitor coupled from the input node to the output node;
wherein the first and second impedances form a feedback network that distributes voltage at the output node across the first and second transistors, thereby increasing maximum voltage swing of the circuit relative to a single transistor configuration.
7. The circuit of claim 6 further comprising:
a cascode reset switch operatively coupled to the circuit and for coupling a reset voltage to the feedback network in response to a cascode reset signal; and
an integration reset switch operatively coupled to the circuit and for enabling an integration reset function in response to an integration reset signal.
8. The circuit of claim 7 further wherein the cascode reset switch is opened before the integration reset switch is opened to begin integration.
9. The circuit of claim 6 wherein the first and second impedances have substantially the same value, thereby enabling voltage at the output node to be evenly distributed across the first and second transistors.
10. The circuit of claim 6 wherein the first and second capacitors are substantially the same value.
11. The circuit of claim 6 further comprising:
a third transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its source coupled to a second voltage supply and its gate adapted to receive an amplifier bias voltage signal;
a fourth transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its drain coupled to the output node, and its source coupled to the drain of the third transistor;
a third impedance coupled from the second voltage supply to the gate of the fourth transistor; and
a fourth impedance coupled from the gate of the fourth transistor to the output node;
wherein the third and fourth impedances form a second feedback network that distributes voltage at the output node across the third and forth transistors, thereby further increasing the maximum voltage swing of the circuit.
12. The circuit of claim 11 further comprising:
a cascode reset switch operatively coupled to the circuit and for coupling a coupling a reset voltage to the second feedback network in response to a cascode reset signal; and
an integration reset switch operatively coupled to the circuit and for enabling an integration reset function in response to an integration reset signal.
13. The circuit of claim 12 further wherein the cascode reset switch is opened before the integration reset switch is opened to begin integration.
14. The circuit of claim 11 wherein the third and fourth impedances have substantially the same value, thereby enabling voltage at the output node to be evenly distributed across the third and fourth transistors.
15. The circuit of claim 11 wherein the third and fourth impedances are capacitors.
16. The circuit of claim 15 wherein the capacitors are substantially the same value.
17. A sliding cascode source follower circuit comprising:
a first transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its source providing an output node and adapted for coupling with a current source, and its gate adapted to receive an input signal;
a second transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its drain coupled to a first voltage supply, and its source coupled to the drain of the first transistor;
a first impedance coupled from the first voltage supply to the gate of the second transistor; and
a second impedance coupled from the gate of the second transistor to the output node;
wherein the first and second impedances form a feedback network that distributes an output voltage at the output node across the first and second transistors wherein said input signal at said gate of said first transistor is substantially similar to said output signal at said source of said first transistor, thereby increasing maximum voltage swing of the circuit relative to a single transistor configuration.
18. A sliding cascode circuit fabricated using a semiconductor process associated with a voltage rating for a single transistor the circuit comprising:
a first transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its source operatively coupled to a first voltage supply and its gate adapted to receive an input signal;
a second transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its drain operatively coupled to an output node, and its source operatively coupled to the drain of the first transistor;
a third transistor having a gate, source and drain, with its drain operatively coupled to a first bias voltage source, its source coupled to the gate of the second transistor, and its gate adapted to receive control signals that turn the third transistor on and off in order to set a DC operating point of the circuit; and
a feedback network operatively coupled to the first, second and third transistors, that distributes voltage at the output node across the first, second and third transistors, thereby increasing maximum voltage swing of the circuit relative to the voltage rating for a single transistor.
19. The circuit of claim 18 wherein the feedback network is configured to enable voltage at the output node to be evenly distributed across the first and second transistors.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A display device comprising:
a plurality of pixel circuits, arranged in a matrix, each of which includes a light-emitting element that emits light with a luminance depending on an injected electric current, and a transistor that controls the electric current flowing through the light-emitting element, each of the pixel circuits performing prior to emission of light by the light-emitting element an electric charge accumulating operation in which a voltage between a gate and a source of the transistor is raised to a level higher than a driving threshold voltage of the transistor through accumulation of electric charges to a predetermined capacitor, and each of the pixel circuits performing a voltage detectingsupplying operation in which a voltage corresponding to the driving threshold voltage is detectedsupplied between the gate and the source of the transistor through adjustment of the voltage between the gate and the source; and
a driver circuit that controls at least a timing of detection and supply of a voltage corresponding to electric charge accumulation and the driving threshold voltage in the pixel circuit, wherein
the driver circuit controls so that the electric charge accumulation and the voltage detectionsupply start substantially simultaneously for a pixel circuit in a first row in the matrix and a pixel circuit in a second row in the matrix and adjacent to the pixel circuit in the first row in one direction along a column, and controls so that the electric charge accumulation and the voltage detectionsupply end substantially simultaneously for the pixel circuit in the first row and a pixel circuit in a third row and adjacent to the pixel circuit in the first row in another direction along the column.
2. The display device according to claim 1 wherein
the driver circuit controls so that amounts of time differences in end timings of the electric charge accumulation and the voltage detectionsupply between the pixel circuit in the first row and the pixel circuit in the second row are substantially equal to amounts of time differences in start timings of the electric charge accumulation and the voltage detectionsupply between the pixel circuit in the first row and the pixel circuit in the third row.
3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein
the light-emitting element has a characteristic that the light-emitting element emits light on receiving a supply of voltage in a forward direction which causes electric current in the light-emitting element, and accumulates electric charges corresponding to a level of supplied voltage on receiving a supply of voltage in a backward direction, and functions as the capacitance at the electric charge accumulation and the voltage detectionsupply.
4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting element is an organic light-emitting diode.
5. A method of driving a display device which includes plural pixel circuits, arranged in a matrix, each of which includes a light-emitting element that emits light with a luminance depending on an injected electric current and a transistor that controls the electric current flowing through the light-emitting element, and which is configured to accumulate electric charges to a predetermined capacitor and to employ the accumulated electric charges to detectsupply a voltage corresponding to a driving threshold voltage between a gate and a source of the transistor element prior to emission of light by the light-emitting element, the method comprising:
starting an electric charge accumulation and a voltage detectionsupply substantially simultaneously for the pixel circuit arranged in a first row in the matrix and for the pixel circuit arranged in a second row adjacent to the first row in one direction along a column direction; and
stopping the electric charge accumulation and the voltage detectionsupply substantially simultaneously for the pixel circuit arranged in the first row in the matrix and the pixel circuit arranged in a third row adjacent to the first row in another direction along the column direction.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the light-emitting element is an organic light-emitting diode.

1. A resonator filter for acoustic surface waves or surface-proximate waves, comprising:
a whole positive number n of acoustic resonators fashioned on a piezoelectric substrate, each respectively comprising at least one interdigital transducer; and
a first and a second reflector between which the at least one interdigital transducer is arranged, the reflectors being respectively allocated to at least one of the n resonators and that respectively are constructed to exhibit a frequency-dependent reflection behavior and to provide a reflection function comprising at least one minimum;
wherein the first and the second reflector are fashioned differently so that the frequency position of the minimums of the two reflection functions of the first and second reflector are shifted relative to one another; and
wherein the minimums of the reflection functions of the first and second reflector are shifted relative to one another such that a minimum of the first reflection function has approximately the same frequency position as a maximum of the second reflection function.
2. The resonator filter according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first acoustic track and a second acoustic track, a first acoustic resonator being provided in the first acoustic track, and a second acoustic resonator being provided in the second acoustic track, the first resonator and the second resonator being connected to one another;
the first and second reflectors being arranged in a same track.
3. The resonator filter according to claim 1, wherein the resonator filter is fashioned as a single-track or multi-track dual-mode SAW (DMS) filter.
4. The resonator filter according to claim 1, wherein a spacing of respectively two neighboring centers of reflector strips varies over a length of the reflectors measured in a wave propagation direction.
5. The resonator filter according to claim 4, wherein specific values for the spacing of two neighboring reflector strip centers follow corresponding function values of a periodically sampled, steady function viewed over the length of the resonators.
6. The resonator filter according to claim 1, wherein a width of reflector strips varies over a length of the reflectors measured in a wave propagation direction.
7. The resonator filter according to claim 1, wherein, when comprising one-port resonators, an interdigital transducer is arranged at each one-port resonator between a first and a second reflector, and frequency positions of the minimums of the reflection functions of the first and second reflector are shifted relative to one another at at least one resonator.
8. The resonator filter according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the reflectors has reflector stripes and is divided into two or more segments that differ on the basis of at least one of a plurality and spacing of centers of the reflector stripes.
9. The resonator filter according to claim 8, wherein the segments of the at least one reflector are arranged parallel to one another and thus respectively form a sub-aperture of the resonator, the sum of the sub-aperture widths allocated to the segments corresponds to at least an overall aperture of the resonator.
10. The resonator filter according to claim 8, wherein the segments are arranged following one another in a wave propagation direction.
11. The resonator filter according to claim 1, wherein specific values for a width of at least one of electrode fingers residing at an end and reflector stripes residing at at least one of the end and a center-to-center spacing of at least one of respectively two neighboring electrode fingers and reflector stripes in a region of the transition between two resonator structure elements follow corresponding function values of a steady function in the region of the transition as viewed over a length of the resonator, thereby avoiding discontinuities and hard transitions between neighboring resonator structure elements.
12. A resonator filter for acoustic surface waves or surface-proximate waves, comprising:
a whole positive number n of acoustic resonators fashioned on a piezoelectric substrate, each respectively comprising at least one interdigital transducer; and
a first and a second reflector between which the at least one interdigital transducer is arranged, the reflectors being respectively allocated to at least one of the n resonators and that respectively are constructed to exhibit a frequency-dependent reflection behavior and to provide a reflection function comprising at least one minimum;
wherein the first and the second reflector are fashioned differently so that the frequency position of the minimums of the two reflection functions of the first and second reflector are shifted relative to one another;
wherein a width of reflector strips varies over a length of the reflectors measured in a wave propagation direction; and
wherein specific values for the width of reflector strips follow corresponding function values of a periodically sampled, steady function viewed over the length of the resonators.
13. The resonator filter according to claim 12, further comprising:
a first acoustic track and a second acoustic track, a first acoustic resonator being provided in the first acoustic track, and a second acoustic resonator being provided in the second acoustic track, the first resonator and the second resonator being connected to one another;
the first and second reflectors being arranged in a same track.
14. The resonator filter according to claim 12, wherein the resonator filter is fashioned as a single-track or multi-track dual-wave SAW (DMS) filter.
15. The resonator filter according to claim 12, wherein specific values for a width of at least one of electrode fingers residing at an end and reflector stripes residing at at least one of the end and a center-to-center spacing of at least one of respectively two neighboring electrode fingers and reflector stripes in a region of the transition between two resonator structure elements follow corresponding function values of a steady function in the region of the transition as viewed over a length of the resonator, thereby avoiding discontinuities and hard transitions between neighboring resonator structure elements.
16. A resonator filter for acoustic surface waves or surface-proximate waves, comprising:
a whole positive number n of acoustic resonators fashioned on a piezoelectric substrate, each respectively comprising at least one interdigital transducer; and
a first and a second reflector between which the at least one interdigital transducer is arranged, the reflectors being respectively allocated to at least one of the n resonators and that respectively are constructed to exhibit a frequency-dependent reflection behavior and to provide a reflection function comprising at least one minimum;
wherein the first and the second reflector are fashioned differently so that the frequency position of the minimums of the two reflection functions of the first and second reflector are shifted relative to one another; and
wherein at least one of a width of individual and a center-to-center spacing of two neighboring electrode fingers of at least one of the interdigital transducers and reflector stripes varies continuously transverse to a length of the resonator composed of interdigital transducers and reflectors.
17. The resonator filter according to claim 16, wherein the quantities of width and center-to-center spacing transverse to the length are fashioned in a linearly increasing manner.
18. The resonator filter according to claim 17, further comprising:
a first acoustic track and a second acoustic track, a first acoustic resonator being provided in the first acoustic track, and a second acoustic resonator being provided in the second acoustic track, the first resonator and the second resonator being connected to one another;
the first and second reflectors being arranged in a same track.
19. The resonator filter according to claim 17, wherein the resonator filter is fashioned as a single-track or multi-track dual-wave SAW (DMS) filter.
20. The resonator filter according to claim 17, wherein specific values for a width of at least one of electrode fingers residing at an end and reflector stripes residing at at least one of the end and a center-to-center spacing of at least one of respectively two neighboring electrode fingers and reflector stripes in a region of the transition between two resonator structure elements follow corresponding function values of a steady function in the region of the transition as viewed over a length of the resonator, thereby avoiding discontinuities and hard transitions between neighboring resonator structure elements.
21. The resonator filter according to claim 16, wherein the resonator filter is fashioned as a single-track or multi-track dual-wave SAW (DMS) filter.
22. The resonator filter according to claim 16, further comprising:
a first acoustic track and a second acoustic track, a first acoustic resonator being provided in the first acoustic track, and a second acoustic resonator being provided in the second acoustic track, the first resonator and the second resonator being connected to one another;
the first and second reflectors being arranged in a same track.
23. The resonator filter according to claim 16, wherein specific values for a width of at least one of electrode fingers residing at an end and reflector stripes residing at at least one of the end and a center-to-center spacing of at least one of respectively two neighboring electrode fingers and reflector stripes in a region of the transition between two resonator structure elements follow corresponding function values of a steady function in the region of the transition as viewed over a length of the resonator, thereby avoiding discontinuities and hard transitions between neighboring resonator structure elements.
24. A resonator filter for acoustic surface waves or surface-proximate waves, comprising:
a first reflector that is divided into two or more segments arranged parallel to a propagation direction of a surface wave;
a second reflector that is divided into two or more segments arranged parallel to a propagation direction of a surface wave; and
an interdigital transducer arranged between the first reflector and the second reflector;
wherein a first acoustic sub-track is formed by two of the segments and the interdigital transducer lying between them, these two segments differing within a sub-track with regard to a separation of a middle of their reflector stripes;
wherein a second acoustic sub-track is formed by two of the segments and the interdigital transducer lying between them, these two segments differing within a sub-track with regard to a separation of a middle of their reflector stripes; and
wherein the segments differ between the first acoustic sub-track and the second acoustic sub-track.
25. The resonator filter according to claim 24, further comprising:
a first acoustic track and a second acoustic track, a first acoustic resonator being provided in the first acoustic track, and a second acoustic resonator being provided in the second acoustic track, the first resonator and the second resonator being connected to one another;
the first and second reflectors being arranged in a same track.
26. The resonator filter according to claim 24, wherein the resonator filter is fashioned as a single-track or multi-track dual-wave SAW (DMS) filter.
27. The resonator filter according to claim 24, wherein specific values for a width of at least one of electrode fingers residing at an end and reflector stripes residing at at least one of the end and a center-to-center spacing of at least one of respectively two neighboring electrode fingers and reflector stripes in a region of the transition between two resonator structure elements follow corresponding function values of a steady function in the region of the transition as viewed over a length of the resonator, thereby avoiding discontinuities and hard transitions between neighboring resonator structure elements.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A developing system for forming a full-color image which comprises
(i) a first developing device which is equipped with a developer-supporting member which carries one-component developer including a black toner and a regulating member which forms a thin layer of the black toner on the developer-supporting member, said developer-supporting member having a mean crest distance (Sm) of 20-200 m on its surface and satisfying the following relation:
d50Ra0.5-3.0
(wherein d50 is a weight-average particle size (m) of the black toner, and Ra is a surface roughness (m) of the black toner), and
(ii) a second developing device which is equipped with a developer-supporting member which carries one-component developer including a first color toner and a regulating member which forms a thin layer of the first color toner on the developer-supporting member, said developer-supporting member having a mean crest distance (Sm) of 20-200 m on its surface and satisfying the following relation:
-i d50Ra0.5-3.0
(wherein d50 is a weight-average particle size (m) of the first color toner, and Ra is a surface roughness (m) of the first color toner),
wherein tan (150 C.) of the black toner is not more than 1.0, and a first ratio of tan represented by (tan (150 C.) of the first color toner)(tan (150 C.) of the black toner) satisfies the following relation:
1.1the first ratio of tan 1.35
2. The developing system of claim 1, wherein tan (150 C.) of the black toner and the first ratio of tan satisfy the following relations:
0.85tan (150 C.)1.01.2the first ratio of tan 1.30
3. The developing system of claim 1, wherein the developer-supporting member of the first developing device has the mean crest distance (Sm) of 40-100 m and satisfies the following relation:
d50Ra0.7 -2.5
and the developer-supporting member of the second developing device has the mean crest distance (Sm) of 40-100 m and satisfies the following relation:
d50Ra0.7 -2.5.
4. The developing system of claim 1, wherein the mean crest distance (Sm) of the first developing device is larger than that of the second developing device, and d50Ra relating to the first developing device is smaller than that relating to the second developing device.
5. The developing system of claim 1, wherein it comprises
(i) a third developing device which is equipped with a developer-supporting member which carries one-component developer including a second color toner and a regulating member which forms a thin layer of the second color toner on the developer-supporting member, said developer-supporting member having a mean crest distance (Sm) of 20-200 m on its surface and satisfying the following relation:
d50Ra0.5-3.0
(wherein d50 is a weight-average particle size (m) of the second color toner, and Ra is a surface roughness (m) of the second color toner), and
(ii) a fourth developing device which is equipped with a developer-supporting member which carries one-component developer including a third color toner and a regulating member which forms a thin layer of the third color toner on the developer-supporting member, said developer-supporting member having a mean crest distance (Sm) of 20-200 m and satisfying the following relation:
d50Ra0.5-3.0
(wherein d50 is a weight-average particle size (m) of the third color toner, and Ra is a surface roughness (m) of the third color toner),
wherein a second ratio of tan represented by (tan (150 C.) of the second color toner)(tan (150 C.) of the black toner) satisfies the following relation:
1.1the second ratio of tan 1.35
and a third ratio of tans represented by (tan (150 C.) of the third color toner)(tan (150 C.) of the black toner) satisfies the following relation:
1.1the third ratio of tan 1.35.
6. The developing system of claim 1, wherein each of the black toner and the first color toner is a nonmagnetic toner.
7. The developing system of claim 6, wherein each of the black toner and the first color toner has a mean roundness of not less than 0.950, a standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.040 and Dd50 of not less than 0.4, wherein D indicates 6(S)(wherein is a true density (gcm3) of the toner, and S is BET specific surface area of the toner).
8. The developing system of claim 7, wherein each of the black toner and the first color toner has the mean roundness of not less than 0.960, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.035 and Dd50 of 0.40-0.80.
9. The developing system of claim 5, wherein each of the black toner, the first color toner, the second color toner and the third color toner is a nonmagnetic toner.
10. The developing system of claim 9, wherein each of the black toner, the first color toner, the second color toner and the third color toner has the mean roundness of not less than 0.950, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.040 and Dd50 of not less than 0.40, wherein D6(S) (wherein is a true density (gcm3) of the toner, and S is BET specific surface area of the toner.)
11. The developing system of claim 10, wherein each of the black toner, the first color toner, the second color toner and the third color toner has the mean roundness of not less than 0.960, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.035 and Dd50 of 0.40-0.80.
12. The developing system of claim 1, wherein the black toner is a magnetic toner, and the first color toner is a nonmagnetic toner.
13. The developing system of claim 12, wherein the black toner has a mean roundness of not less than 0.950, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.040 and Dd50 of not less than 0.20, and the first color toner has a mean roundness of not less than 0.950, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.040 and Dd50 of not less than 0.40, wherein D6(S)(wherein is a true density (gcm3) of the toner, and S is BET specific surface area of the toner).
14. The developing system of claim 5, wherein the black toner is a magnetic toner, and each of the first color toner, the second color toner and the third color toner is a nonmagnetic toner.
15. The developing system of claim 14, wherein the black toner has a mean roundness of not less than 0.90, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.040 and Dd50 of not less than 0.20, each of the first color toner, the second color toner and the third color toner has the mean roundness of not less than 0.950, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.040 and Dd50 of not less than 0.40, wherein D6(S)(wherein p is a true density (gcm3) of the toner, and S is BET specific surface area of the toner).
16. The developing system of claim 15, wherein the black toner has a mean roundness of not less than 0.960, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.035 and Dd50 of 0.20-0.55, and each of the first color toner, the second color toner and the third color toner has the mean roundness of not less than 0.960, the standard deviation of roundness of not more than 0.035 and Dd50 of 0.40-0.80.
17. The developing system of claim 5, wherein a first inorganic particle and a second inorganic particle whose BET specific surface area is different from that of the first inorganic particle are externally added to the black toner, the first color toner, the second color toner and the third color toner.
18. The developing system of claim 17, wherein an absolute value of a difference between BET specific surface area of the first inorganic particle and that of the second inorganic particle is not less than 30 m2g.
19. The developing system of claim 17, wherein a third inorganic particle and a fourth inorganic particle whose BET specific surface area is different from that of the third inorganic particle are fixed to the black toner, the first color toner, the second color toner and the third color toner.
20. The developing system of claim 1, wherein the regulating member is an elastic blade whose thickness is 0.08-0.2 mm.