Author: claimsbot

1. An offset compensation circuit, comprising:
an amplifying element for amplifying an input signal and outputting the signal;
a power unit comprising:
a main current source connected to an input terminal of the amplifying element;
at least one additional current source connected to the main current source in parallel; and
a switching unit, correspondingly connected to the additional current source, for switching the additional current source to at least one of on and off to increase the offset voltage of the amplifying element in a discrete pattern; and

a feedback resistant element connected between a different input terminal and an output terminal of the amplifying elements.
2. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the switching unit comprises:
a fuse; and
a switching pad, connected to both ends of the fuse, for supplying a large quantity of a current therethrough to disconnect the fuse.
3. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the switching unit comprises switching elements to switch on and off according to input signals, and an offset control block for selectively switching the switching elements on and off to increase the offset voltage of the amplifying element in a discrete pattern.
4. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 1, wherein the switching unit comprises:
switching elements that switch on and off according to input signals;
a sensor for sensing an output voltage of the amplifying element in synchronization with the offset control block and providing the output voltage to the offset control block; and
an offset control block for switching the switching elements on and off according to the sensed values.
5. An offset compensation circuit, comprising:
an amplifying element for amplifying an input signal and outputting the signal;
a resistor comprising:
a main resistor connected to an input terminal of the amplifying element;
at least one additional resistor connected to the main resistor in parallel; and
a switching unit, correspondingly connected to the additional resistor, for switching the additional resistor to at least one of on and off to decrease the offset voltage of the amplifying element in a discrete pattern; and

a feedback resistant element connected between a different input terminal and an output terminal of the amplifying element.
6. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 5, wherein the switching unit comprises:
a fuse; and
a switching pad, connected to both ends of the fuse, for supplying a large quantity of current therethrough to disconnect the fuse.
7. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 5, wherein the switching unit comprises switching elements that switch on and off according to input signals, and an offset control block for selectively switching the switching elements on and off to increase the offset voltage of the amplifying element in a discrete pattern.
8. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 5, wherein the switching unit comprises:
switching elements that switch on and off according to input signals;
a sensor for sensing an output voltage of the amplifying element in synchronization with the offset control block and providing the output voltage to the offset control block; and
an offset control block for switching the switching elements on and off according to the sensed values.
9. An offset compensation circuit, comprising:
an amplifying element for amplifying an input signal and outputting the signal;
a power unit comprising:
a main current source connected to an input terminal of the amplifying element;
at least one additional current source connected to the main current source in parallel; and
a switching unit, correspondingly connected to the additional current source, for switching the additional current source to at least one of on and off to increase the offset voltage of the amplifying element in a discrete pattern; and

a resistor comprising:
a main resistor connected to an input terminal of the amplifying element, said input terminal being identical to that connected to the main current source;
at least one additional resistor connected in parallel to the main resistor; and
a switching unit, correspondingly connected to the additional resistor, for switching the additional resistor to at least one of on and off to decrease the offset voltage of the amplifying element in a discrete pattern; and

a feedback resistant element connected between a different input terminal and an output terminal of the amplifying element.
10. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 9, wherein the switching unit comprises:
a fuse; and
a switching pad, connected to both ends of the fuse, for supplying a large quantity of current therethrough to disconnect the fuse.
11. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 9, wherein the switching unit comprises switching elements that switch on and off according to input signals, and an offset control block for selectively switching the switching elements on and off to increase the offset voltage of the amplifying element in a discrete pattern.
12. The offset compensation circuit as set forth in claim 9, wherein the switching unit comprises:
switching elements that switch on and off according to input signals;
a sensor for sensing an output voltage of the amplifying element in synchronization with the offset control block and providing the output voltage to the offset control block; and
an offset control block for switching the switching elements on and off according to the sensed values.
13. An offset voltage compensation method, comprising the steps of:
measuring an offset voltage of an amplifying element for receiving an input signal and amplifying the signal, which is connected with at least two current sources in parallel and at least two resistant elements in series through its one input terminal and with a feedback through a different input terminal and an output terminal;
determining whether the measured offset voltage is in an operation range; and
selectively inactivating the current sources and the resistant elements according to the measured offset voltage so as to increase or decrease the offset voltage.
14. The offset voltage compensation method as set forth in claim 13, wherein fuses are connected in parallel with the current sources and in series with the resistant elements, and the selective inactivation step comprises the selective application of a high intensity current across the fuses to selectively disconnect the fuses.
15. The offset voltage compensation method as set forth in claim 14, wherein fuses are connected in parallel with the current sources and in series with the resistant elements, and the selective inactivation step comprises the selective irradiation of a laser beam onto the fuses to selectively disconnect the fuses.
16. The offset voltage compensation method as set forth in claim 14, wherein switching elements are connected with both the current sources and the resistant elements, and the selective inactivation step comprises selectively switching the switching elements to at least one of on and off.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A coating composition for producing recording sheet which comprises:
a) either (i) or (ii):
(i) from about 10% to about 90% by weight of the composition of a hydrophilic or amphiphilic polyether polyurethane plus from about 5% to about 85% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester polymers, cellulose ether polymers and vinyl polymers;
(ii) from about 30% to about 90% by weight of cellulose acetate trimellitate plus from about 0% to about 50% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester polymers, cellulose ether polymers and vinyl polymers;

b) from about 1% to about 8% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound;
c) from about 0.05 to about 6% by weight of a metal salt;
d) from about 0.05 to about 6% by weight of a filler drying agent.
2. The coating composition of claim 1 further comprising a solvent composition in an amount sufficient to form a substantially uniform dispersion of the coating composition components.
3. The coating composition of claim 2 wherein the solvent composition comprises water, a C1 to C4 alcohol or mixtures thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.05 to about 0.2% by weight of the composition of a non-ionic surfactant.
5. The coating composition of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.05 to about 0.2% by weight of the composition of a non-ionic surfactant and a solvent composition in an amount sufficient to form a substantially uniform dispersion of the coating composition components.
6. The composition of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.05 to about 0.2% by weight of the composition of an ethylene oxide-propylene oxide fatty alcohol non-ionic surfactant.
7. The composition of claim 1 which comprises a polyether polyurethane having carboxylate, silicon and carbonate functionalities.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxy alkyl (C1-C3) cellulose, alkyl (C1-C3) cellulose, cellulose hydroxyalkyl phthalate, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate, preferred vinyl polymers are polyvinyl pyrrolidone, styrenated polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl pyrrolidonepolyvinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide copolymer and mixtures thereof.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the quaternary ammonium compound polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly (diallyldimethylammonium halide), poly (diallylethylamine hydrochloride), poly (dialkyldiallyl ammonium halide), poly (dimethylmethyldiaryl ammonium chloride), poly (diallylmethylammonium phosphate) and mixtures thereof.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the metal salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium, calcium, aluminum and magnesium sulfates and halides.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the filler drying agent is selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, amorphous silica, cellulose pulp, silica gel and alumina.
12. A recording sheet which comprises a substrate and a dried coating composition on the substrate, which coating composition comprises:
a) either (i) or (ii):
(i) from about 10% to about 90% by weight of the composition of a hydrophilic or amphiphilic polyether polyurethane plus from about 5% to about 85% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester polymers, cellulose ether polymers and vinyl polymers;
(ii) from about 30% to about 90% by weight of cellulose acetate trimellitate plus from about 0% to about 50% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester polymers, cellulose ether polymers and vinyl polymers;

b) from about 1% to about 8% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound;
c) from about 0.05 to about 6% by weight of a metal salt;
d) from about 0.05 to about 6% by weight of a filler drying agent.
13. The recording sheet of claim 12 wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of transparent plastic films, translucent plastic films, opaque plastic films, cloth, nonwoven fabrics, paper and combinations thereof.
14. The recording sheet of claim 12 wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, nylon and polyolefin blends.
15. The recording sheet of claim 12 wherein the substrate has a thickness of from about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm.
16. The recording sheet of claim 12 wherein the dried coating composition has a coating weight of from about 0.5 micrometer to about 50 micrometers.
17. An imaged article which comprises a recording sheet and a dry colored image on the recording sheet, which recording sheet comprises a substrate and a dried coating composition on the substrate, which coating composition comprises:
a) either (i) or (ii):
(i) from about 10% to about 90% by weight of the composition of a hydrophilic or amphiphilic polyether polyurethane plus from about 5% to about 85% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester polymers, cellulose ether polymers and vinyl polymers;
(ii) from about 30% to about 90% by weight of cellulose acetate trimellitate plus from about 0% to about 50% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester polymers, cellulose ether polymers and vinyl polymers;

b) from about 1% to about 8% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound;
c) from about 0.05 to about 6% by weight of a metal salt;
d) from about 0.05 to about 6% by weight of a filler drying agent; and wherein the dry colored image is on the dried coating composition on the substrate.
18. A process for producing an imaged article which comprises
I) providing a recording sheet which comprises a substrate and a dried coating composition on the substrate, which coating composition comprises:
a) either (i) or (ii):
(i) from about 10% to about 90% by weight of the composition of a hydrophilic or amphiphilic polyether polyurethane plus from about 5% to about 85% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester polymers, cellulose ether polymers and vinyl polymers;
(ii) from about 30% to about 90% by weight of cellulose acetate trimellitate plus from about 0% to about 50% by weight of one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of cellulose ester polymers, cellulose ether polymers and vinyl polymers;

b) from about 1% to about 8% by weight of a quaternary ammonium compound;
c) from about 0.05 to about 6% by weight of a metal salt;
d) from about 0.05 to about 6% by weight of a filler drying agent; and

II) imaging the recording sheet by inkjet spraying and drying one or more colored inks onto the dried coating composition.

1. A method for forming a relief structure from a photosensitive element having an exterior surface and an interior surface and containing a composition layer capable of being partially liquefied comprising:
supplying a development medium to the exterior surface with a first member;
supporting the photosensitive element on a base member having an exterior surface, wherein the interior surface of the element is adjacent the exterior surface of the base member; and
wherein the exterior surface of the base member defines a plane that is characterized by a plurality of surface projections from the plane, the exterior surface having a tack between 10 and 40 grams and a texture
having a roughness, Rq, of at least 1 micron when measured over a 250 to 1000 micron length scale.
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. (canceled)
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising applying a layer of a modification material to the base member wherein the layer of material forms the exterior surface having texture.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the layer is resilient or tacky.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the modification material is selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, and elastomers.
8. (canceled)
9. The method of claim 5 wherein the applying of the layer is with a texturing spray gun.
10. The method of claim 5 wherein the layer further comprises a roughening component.
11. (canceled)
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the base member is a selected from the group consisting of a drum, a roller, a platform member, a flexible support member, and a planar support.
13. The method of claim 1 further comprising placing a flexible support member between the base member and the element, wherein the flexible support member has a surface which is the exterior surface having texture.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising applying a layer of a modification material to the flexible support member wherein the layer of material forms the exterior surface having texture.
15. The method of claim 13 further comprising adding at least one layer to the flexible support member selected from the group consisting of a resilient layer, a tacky layer, a protective layer, a resilient and tacky layer, and combinations thereof.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein the flexible support member comprises an aluminum sheet having a layer of silicone rubber on one side and a tacky layer on the silicone rubber layer, and wherein at least the tacky layer has texture.
17. (canceled)
18. (canceled)
19. (canceled)
20. (canceled)
21. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface roughness, Rq, is at least 1 micron when measured over a 250 to 750 micron length scale.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface roughness, Rq, is at least 5 micron when measured over a 700 to 750 micron length scale.
23. The method of claim 1 further comprising applying a layer of an elastomeric material to the base member that forms the exterior surface of the base member and has the texture.
24. (canceled)
25. The method of claim 1 wherein the exterior surface defines a plane containing a plurality of projections and a plurality of pits that have a height relative to the plane, wherein an average height of the projections and pits is positive.
26. The method of claim 1 wherein the exterior surface defines a plane containing a plurality of projections and a plurality of pits, each having a height relative to the plane and a deviation from an average surface height, wherein at least 60% of a range of the deviations from the average height are projections above the average surface height.
27. The method of claim 1 wherein the exterior surface defines a plane containing a plurality of projections such that at least 60% of the surface is covered with projections.
28. The method of claim 1 further comprising heating the exterior surface of the element to a temperature sufficient to cause a portion of the layer to liquefy.
29. The method of claim 1 further comprising contacting the exterior surface of the photosensitive element with a development medium to allow at least a portion of the liquefied material of the composition layer to be absorbed by the development medium.
30. The method of claim 29 further comprising separating the photosensitive element from the development medium.
31. The method of claim 29 wherein the contacting comprises pressing the photosensitive element and the development medium into contact at a pressure sufficient for at least a portion of the liquefied material of the composition layer to be absorbed by the development medium.
32. (canceled)
33. (canceled)
34. The method of claim 1 further comprising heating the exterior surface of the element to a temperature sufficient to cause a portion of the layer to liquefy, wherein the heating is selected from the group consisting of
a first heating which applies heat to an exterior surface of the composition layer adjacent where a development medium contacts the layer, the first heating adapted to heat the exterior surface of the layer;
a second heating to heat the first member to a temperature capable of heating the exterior surface of the composition layer while the development medium is contacting the exterior surface of the layer;
a third heating to heat the base member to a temperature capable of heating the exterior surface of the composition layer;
combination of the first heating and the second heating;
combination of the first heating and the third heating;
combination of the second heating and the third heating; and
combination of the first heating, the second heating, and the third heating,
wherein the first heating, the second heating, and the third heating, individually or in the above combinations, is capable of heating the exterior surface of the composition layer sufficiently to cause a portion of the layer to liquefy.
35. A method for forming a relief structure from a photosensitive element having an exterior surface and an interior surface and containing a composition layer capable of being partially liquefied comprising:
supplying a development medium to the exterior surface with a first member;
supporting the photosensitive element on a base member having an exterior surface, wherein the interior surface of the element is adjacent the exterior surface of the base member; and
wherein the exterior surface of the base member defines a plane that is characterized by a plurality of surface projections from the plane, the exterior surface having a tack between 10 and 40 grams and a texture with a surface roughness, Rq, of at least 3 micron when measured over a 500 to 3000 micron length scale.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the surface roughness, Rq, is at least 5 micron when measured over a 700 to 3000 micron length scale.
37. The method of claim 35 wherein the surface roughness, Rq, is 3 to 25 micron when measured over a 700 to 3000 micron length scale.
38. The method of claim 35 wherein the surface roughness, Rq, is 5 to 15 micron when measured over a 700 to 3000 micron length scale.
39. An apparatus for forming a relief structure from a photosensitive element having an exterior surface and an interior surface and containing a composition layer capable of being partially liquefied comprising:
means for supplying a development medium to the exterior surface with a first member;
a base member for supporting the photosensitive element, wherein the interior surface of the element is adjacent an exterior surface of the base member; and
wherein the exterior surface of the base member defines a plane that is characterized by a plurality of surface projections from the plane, the exterior surface having a tack between 10 and 40 grams and a texture
having a roughness, Rq, of at least 1 micron when measured over a 250 to 1000 micron length scale.
40. (canceled)
41. (canceled)
42. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the base member further comprises a layer of a modification material that forms the exterior surface having texture.
43. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the layer is resilient or tacky.
44. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the modification material is selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, and elastomers.
45. (canceled)
46. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the layer is applied with a texturing spray gun.
47. The apparatus of claim 42 wherein the base member is a selected from the group consisting of a drum, a roller, a platform member, a flexible support member, and a planar support.
48. The apparatus of claim 39 further comprising a flexible support member between the base member and the element, wherein the flexible support member has a surface which is the exterior surface having texture.
49. The apparatus of claim 48 further comprising a layer of a modification material on the flexible support member on a side opposite the base member, wherein the layer of material forms the exterior surface having texture.
50. The apparatus of claim 49 wherein the layer is selected from the group consisting of a resilient layer, a tacky layer, a protective layer, a resilient and tacky layer, and combinations thereof.
51. The apparatus of claim 48 wherein the flexible support member comprises an aluminum sheet having a layer of silicone rubber on one side and a tacky layer on the silicone rubber layer, and wherein at least the tacky layer has texture.
52. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the surface roughness, Rq, is at least 1 micron when measured over a 250 to 750 micron length scale.
53. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the surface roughness, Rq, is at least 5 micron when measured over a 700 to 750 micron length scale.
54. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the exterior surface defines a plane containing a plurality of projections and a plurality of pits that each have a height relative to the plane which determine an average height, wherein the average height of the projections and pits is positive.
55. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein the exterior surface defines a plane containing a plurality of projections and a plurality of pits, each having a height relative to the plane and a deviation from an average surface height, wherein at least 60% of a range of the deviations from the average height are projections above the average surface height.
56. The apparatus of claim 39 further comprising means for heating the exterior surface of the element to a temperature sufficient to cause a portion of the layer to liquefy.
57. The apparatus of claim 39 further comprising means for contacting the exterior surface of the photosensitive element with a development medium to allow at least a portion of the liquefied material of the composition layer to be absorbed by the development medium.
58. The apparatus of claim 39 further comprising means for separating the photosensitive element from the development medium.
59. The apparatus of claim 39 further comprising means for pressing the photosensitive element and the development medium into contact at a pressure sufficient for at least a portion of the liquefied material of the composition layer to be absorbed by the development medium.
60. (canceled)
61. The method of claim 1 wherein the exterior surface defines a plane that is characterized by a plurality of surface projections from the plane wherein the exterior surface has a density of projections of at least 0.1 projectionsmm2 that are at least 10 microns in height above the plane.
62. The method of claim 61 wherein the projections have an average area of less than 5 mm2.
63. The method of claim 61 wherein the projections have an average area of 0.05-1 mm2.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An electric generator comprising:
a wheel coupled to an axle of a vehicle, said vehicle including a battery;
a rotator fixedly mounted to said wheel such that said rotator rotates synchronously with the rotation of the wheel, said rotator including a plurality of magnets, each of said magnets defining a magnetic field, and each of said magnets being positioned so that the north pole of one magnet abuts the south pole of an adjacent magnet;
a stator rotatably mounted to said axle, said stator being configured to have a center of gravity that is off-center from said axle for biasing said stator toward a position that is generally stationary relative to said vehicle, said stator defining a radially outer portion; and
a plurality of electric coils mounted to said radially outer portion of said stator for generating electric current when said rotator is moved relative to said stator so that the magnetic field of each magnet passes through said plurality of electric coils, said coils being electrically coupled to each other and to said battery of said vehicle for transmitting electric current generated from said plurality of coils to said battery.
2. The generator of claim 1, wherein said stator extends through an arc of less than 360\xb0.
3. The generator of claim 1, wherein said magnets are positioned between said coils and said axle.
4. The generator of claim 1, wherein said coils are positioned between said magnets and said axle.
5. The generator of claim 1 wherein said stator extends through an arc of 360\xb0.
6. An electric generator comprising:
a wheel coupled to an axle of a vehicle, said vehicle including a battery;
a stator rotatably mounted to said axle, said stator being configured to have a center of gravity that is off-center from said axle for biasing said stator toward a position that is generally stationary relative to said vehicle, said stator defining a radially outer portion;
a plurality of magnets mounted to said radially outer portion of said stator, each of said magnets defining a magnetic field, and each of said magnets being positioned so that the north pole of one magnet abuts the south pole of an adjacent magnet; and
a rotator fixedly mounted to said wheel such that said rotator rotates synchronously with the rotation of the wheel, said rotator including a plurality of electric coils positioned for generating electric current when said rotator is moved relative to said stator so that the magnetic field of each of said plurality of magnets passes through said plurality of electric coils, said coils being electrically coupled to each other and to said battery of said vehicle for transmitting said electric current generated from said plurality of coils to said battery.
7. The generator of claim 6, wherein said stator extends through an arc of less than 360\xb0.
8. The generator of claim 6, wherein said magnets are positioned between said coils and said axle.
9. The generator of claim 6, wherein said coils are positioned between said magnets and said axle.
10. The generator of claim 6 wherein said stator extends through an arc of 360\xb0.