Author: claimsbot

1. A method for deciphering captured data packets, comprising:
capturing, via a monitoring probe, data packets from a first network interface between a mobility management entity and a home subscriber service node and from a second network interface between a mobility management entity and a eNodeB node and;
identifying first data packets associated with an authentication and key agreement procedure on the first interface;
identifying second data packets associated with the authentication and key agreement procedure on the second interface;
correlating individual ones of the first data packets with individual ones of the second data packets that are associated with a same parameter; and
creating an authentication vector table comprising information from correlated first data packets and second data packets, wherein entries in the table comprise authentication data for a plurality of security contexts.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the authentication vector table in a memory on the monitoring probe.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
capturing security mode procedure data packets from the second interface;
extracting an algorithm type and a security key index from the security mode data packets; and
appending the algorithm type and the security key index to the authentication vector table.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
capturing, via the monitoring system, ciphered data packets from network interfaces;
identifying a security context for the ciphered data packets;
correlating the security context of the ciphered data packets to an entry in the authentication data table; and
deciphering the ciphered data packets using a cipher key stored in the authentication data table entry.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first interface is an S6a interface and the second interface is a S1-MME interface.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein all NAS Authentication Request messages are ciphered when captured via the monitoring system.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
capturing CK and IK subkeys and KSI from an S3 interface.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
extracting an algorithm type and a security key index from an S1AP HO Request or an S1AP TAU Request.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
deriving a K\u2032ASME value from CK and IK subkeys and one or two nonces as inputs; and
appending the algorithm type and the security key index to the authentication vector table.
10. A method for deciphering data in an LTE network, comprising:
capturing authentication response messages at a monitoring system coupled to an S6a interface;
identifying security keys (KASME) within the authentication info response messages;
generating a calculated eNodeB key (KalgeNB) from each of the security keys;
storing each calculated eNodeB key and a related security key in a memory at the monitoring system;
capturing a context request message from an S1-MME interface, the context request message related to a particular user equipment context;
identifying an assigned eNodeB key (KeNB-assign) within the context request message;
comparing the assigned eNodeB key to the calculated eNodeB keys that are stored in the memory;
identifying a matching calculated eNodeB key that corresponds to the assigned eNodeB key; and
using a security key associated with the matching calculated eNodeB to decipher message traffic from the context.
11. The method of 10, further comprising:
deriving an NAS deciphering key (LNASenc) from the security key associated with the matching calculated eNodeB.
12. The method of 10, wherein the context request message is an S1AP Initial Context Setup Request message.
13. The method of 10, wherein the context request message is an S1AP UE Context Modification Request message.
14. The method of 10, further comprising:
capturing security mode complete messages from an S1-MME interface;
identifying an uplink count parameter within each of the security mode complete messages; and
generating the calculated eNodeB keys (KalgeNB) from the security keys and corresponding uplink count parameters.
15. A method for identifying deciphering data during a handover, comprising:
capturing, at a monitoring system probe, a GTP-v2 forward relocation request message on an S3 interface;
extracting CK, IK and KSI parameters from the GTP-v2 forward relocation message;
capturing, at the monitoring system probe, a handover request message on an S1-MME interface;
extracting KSI, algorithm, and nonce parameters from the handover request message; and
calculating, at the monitoring system, a K\u2032ASME parameter using the CK, IK and nonce parameters.
16. A method for identifying deciphering data during idle mode mobility, comprising:
capturing, at a monitoring system probe, a GTP-v2 context response message on an S3 interface;
extracting CK, IK and KSI parameters from the GTP-v2 context response message;
capturing, at the monitoring system probe, a security mode command message on an S1-MME interface;
extracting KSI and nonce parameters from the security mode command message; and
calculating, at the monitoring system, a K\u2032ASME parameter using the CK, IK and nonce parameters.
17. A method for correlating user equipment identifiers to captured messages, comprising:
capturing, by a monitoring probe coupled to interfaces in an LTE network, S6a authentication procedure messages sent by an HSS;
capturing, by the monitoring probe, S1AP authentication procedure messages exchanged between and MME and a UE;
extracting authentication vectors within the captured messages;
extracting a UE identifier in the S6a authentication procedure messages;
identifying S6a authentication procedure messages that correspond to S1AP authentication procedure messages based upon the authentication vectors; and
creating a record stored in a memory device on the monitoring system, the record comprising authentication vectors from corresponding S6a and S1AP messages and the UE identifier.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the UE identifier is an IMSI.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the authentication vectors comprise one or more parameters selected from a RAND, an AUTN, and an XRES parameter.
20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
extracting a GUTI parameter from the S1AP authentication procedure messages; and
adding the GUTI to the record.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A heat exchanger comprising:
a first housing including an opening formed therein, and including an upper surface having a peripheral swelling extended upwardly therefrom and located around said opening thereof, said peripheral swelling including a peripheral flange extended into said opening thereof, and including a groove formed through said peripheral swelling thereof, and
a second housing including an opening formed therein, and including an upper surface having a peripheral recess formed therein and located around said opening thereof, and including a peripheral wall extended therefrom and located between said peripheral recess and said opening thereof, and a peripheral flange extended into said opening thereof, said second housing including a duct extended through said peripheral recess thereof and having a pathway formed therein,
said groove of said first housing and said pathway of said second housing forming a flowing passage altogether for allowing a heat medium to flow through said peripheral swelling and said peripheral recess of said first and said second housings when said second housing is disposed above said first housing, and
said peripheral flanges of said first and said second housings being superposed and contacted with each other when said first housing is disposed above said second housing.
2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein said peripheral flange of said first housing is parallel to and in the same level of said upper surface thereof.
3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first housing includes an inner peripheral surface formed thereon and having said peripheral flange extended from said inner peripheral surface thereof.
4. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein said first housing includes an inner peripheral channel formed and defined within said peripheral swelling.
5. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein said peripheral flange of said second housing is parallel to and in the same level of said upper surface thereof.
6. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein said peripheral flange of said second housing is extended from said peripheral wall thereof.

1. A method of audio synchronization on a home network, comprising:
sending digital audio streams to two or more receiver devices, said digital audio streams including a control code to a specific one of the two or more receiver devices;
outputting sound wave signals from two or more receiver devices on the home network;
recording a first time difference between a first time of sending a control code to the specific one of the two or more receiver devices and a second time the sound wave signal is received from the specific one of the two or more receiver devices;
recording a second time difference between a third time of sending a control code to an other specific one of the two or more receiver devices and a fourth time the sound wave signal is received from the other one of the two or more receiver devices; and
automatically adjusting a relative delay of the sound wave signals outputted from the specific one of the two or more receiver devices;
wherein the relative delay is adjusted by buffering the digital audio stream received in the specific one of the two or more receiver devices.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of automatically adjusting the relative delay eliminates or substantially reduces an echo effect to the listener.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the listener manually fine tunes the audio playback, further comprising the steps of:
displaying graphics on a graphical user interface which represent a control mechanism for adjusting the time delay between two or more audible signals;
moving a graphics object of a graphics control mechanism so as to increase or decrease a timing delay in reference to the two or more audible signals; and
once the signals are determined to be properly adjusted by the user, recording the additional delay for receiver devices and sending this information to the receiver devices.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein moving the graphics object entails using a mouse by an adjuster.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein moving the graphics object entails using a touch screen by an adjuster.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein moving the graphics object entails using a track ball by an adjuster.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the relative delay is derived by enabling a counter from the time the control code is sent until the time of the receipt of the sound wave signal.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital audio streams are buffered by the receiving devices, the first time difference and the second time difference each being at least partially due to the amount of delay caused by the buffering.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein the graphical user interface includes sliding bars or scroll bars.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein a user chooses the display option on the graphical user interface.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein an offset value is determined in response to scrolling of the scroll bars or sliding of the sliding bars by the user.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the speed of the scrolling or sliding is changeable.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the offset value is added to or subtracted from a latency value for one of the receiving devices and stored.
14. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of moving a graphics object involves audible pulses emanating from each of the devices to be adjusted and a reference device.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the sound wave signal is audible.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the sound wave signal is inaudible.
17. A system for synchronizing audio playback of multiple receiving devices, comprising:
a transmitting device configured to transmit digital audio stream data with embedded control code;
two or more receiving devices, each of which is configured to produce an audio pattern based on the control code embedded in the digital audio stream, wherein the receiving devices are synchronized by comparing time differences from times the control codes are sent from the transmitting device to each of the two or more receiving devices to reception of audio patterns based on the control codes transmitted from each of the two or more receiving devices to the transmitting device; and
means for buffering the audio stream data in at least one of the two or more receiving devices by a relative delay equal to said time differences;
wherein the audio patterns are detected by a microphone in proximity to the transmitting device.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein one of the devices allows a user to manually synchronize the audio playback of the devices.
19. The system of claim 17, wherein the system has manual fine tune control.
20. The system of claim 17, wherein a communication latency is shorter than the time interval between consecutive control codes to the same receiver device.
21. The system of claim 17, wherein the transmitting device transmits the audio stream data via a wire or cable to the two or more receiving devices.
22. The system of claim 17, wherein the transmitting device transmits the audio stream data wirelessly.
23. The system of claim 17, wherein the transmission of the audio stream data is via radio frequency signals.
24. The system of claim 17, wherein the transmission of the audio stream data is via infrared signals.
25. The method of claim 1, wherein the home network comprises at least one PC.
26. The system of claim 17, wherein the system comprises a home network including at least one PC.
27. A method of audio synchronization on a home network, comprising:
sending a first digital audio stream including an embedded first digital control code from a source device to a first receiver device;
producing a first audio pattern by the first receiver device based on said first digital control code, said first audio pattern being detected by a pickup device;
determining a first time difference between the sending of the first digital control code and the detection of the first audio pattern by the pickup device;
sending a second digital audio stream including an embedded second digital control code from the source device to a second receiver device;
producing a second audio pattern by the second receiver device based on said second digital control code, said second audio pattern being detected by the pickup device;
determining a second time difference between the sending of the second digital control code and the detection of the second audio pattern by the pickup device;
calculating a relative delay between the first and second time differences; and
buffering one of the first or second digital audio streams by an amount of time based on the calculated relative delay to synchronize audio outputs from the first and second receiver devices;
wherein said first audio pattern and said second audio pattern are not audible to humans.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the pickup device is attached to the source device.
29. The method of claim 27, wherein the one of the first or second digital audio streams associated with the shortest of the first or second time differences is buffered by the amount of time based on the calculated relative delay.
30. The method of claim 27, further comprising:
playing audio content by said first and second receiver devices in addition to producing the first and second audio patterns, said audio content being respectively based on the first and second digital audio streams.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) module comprising:
an internal support structure; and
a module housing defined by a preformed sheet of material having a plurality of contoured panels configured in a predetermined pattern, wherein said contoured panels are folded along adjacent edges and attached onto said internal support structure.
2. The HVAC module of claim 1, wherein said internal support structure comprises:
a first heat exchanger;
a second heat exchanger spaced from the first heat exchanger; and
at least one cross member rigidly fixing said first heat exchanger to said second heat exchanger to define said internal support structure.
3. The HVAC module of claim 2 wherein said internal support structure includes indexing features to locate and fix said contoured panels into predetermined positions onto said internal support structure.
4. The HVAC module of claim 2 wherein:
at least one of said first and second heat exchangers includes protruding tabs;
at least one of said contoured panels includes means to engage said protruding tabs to locate and fix said contoured panels into a predetermined position.
5. The HVAC module of claim 2 wherein said HVAC module includes an air valve module fixably engaged to said first heat exchanger and said second heat exchanger, such that said air valve module functions as a cross member to increase the torsional rigidity of said internal support structure.
6. The HVAC module of claim 5, wherein adjacent contoured panels are integrally connected by living hinges, thereby enabling the contoured panels to be folded and repositioned in adjacent contact with one another to form said module housing.
7. The HVAC module of claim 6, wherein said contoured panels cooperate with said internal support structure to define an air inlet, internal air passageways, and at least one mixing chamber.
8. The HVAC module of claim 6, wherein said contoured panels cooperate with said internal support structure and air valve module to define an air inlet, internal air passageways, at least one mixing chamber, and an air outlet.
9. The HVAC module of claim 6, wherein said contoured panels are formed form a sheet of light weight polymer foam material.
10. The HVAC module of claim 9, wherein said contoured panels are affixed to said internal support structure by riveting.
11. The HVAC module of claim 9, wherein said contoured panels are affixed to said internal support structure by gluing.
12. A Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) module comprising:
a non-load bearing module housing supported by an internal support structure,
wherein said non-load bearing module housing comprises a preformed sheet of material having a plurality of contoured panels configured in a predetermined pattern, such that said contoured panels are folded along adjacent edges onto said internal support structure to define said module housing.
13. The HVAC module of claim 12, wherein said internal support structure comprises:
a first heat exchanger;
a second heat exchanger spaced from the first heat exchanger;
an air valve module having cross members interconnecting said first exchanger and said second heat exchanger to define a rigid internal support structure.
14. The HVAC module of claim 13, wherein adjacent contoured panels are integrally connected by living hinges, thereby enabling the contoured panels to be folded and repositioned in adjacent contact cooperate with said internal support structure and said air valve module to define an air inlet, internal air passageways, at least one mixing chamber, and an air outlet.