Author: claimsbot

1. A method for mining relationships between multimedia content and a plurality of devices, the method comprising:
receiving multimedia content information;
receiving device information; and
correlating the multimedia content information and the device information to determine a best-fit device to reproduce the multimedia content.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the relationships include parent child relationships between the plurality of devices.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of devices include wireless devices.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a best fit device is a group of devices of the plurality of devices capable of reproducing the content.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the relationships specify which device controls reproduction.
6. A computer system having a processor, a memory, and an operating environment, the computer system operable to execute the method recited in claim 1.
7. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable components, the computer-readable medium comprising:
a ranking component to assign values, indicating importance, to content and a plurality of devices;
a listening component to receive device offerings and content preferences and to compile the device offerings and the content preferences; and
a control component to specify a level of user intervention.
8. The computer-readable medium according to claim 7, further comprising:
an arbitration component to resolve device or content contention.
9. The computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the ranking component assigns values based on business rules.
10. The computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the level of user intervention is set to zero.
11. The computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the listening component collects network environment data.
12. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the arbitration component automatically selects a device to reproduce the content.
13. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the arbitration component automatically selects content to be reproduced on a group of devices of the plurality of devices.
14. The computer-readable medium according to claim 12, wherein the arbitration component determines the precedence of the device using values assigned by the ranking component.
15. A communication network having a plurality of communication devices capable of transferring content wirelessly, the communication network comprising:
a first communication device to receive streaming content;
a second communication device to receive content different from the content streaming to the first communication device; and
a mediator to determine whether the streaming content should take precedence over the content different from the content streaming on the first communication device.
16. The communication network of claim 15, further comprising:
a third communication device that is connected to a non-intelligent device.
17. The communication network of claim 15, wherein the content different from the content streaming to the first communication device is a notification stream.
18. The communication network of claim 15, wherein the first communication device receives content from the Internet.
19. The communication network of claim 16, further comprising:
a fourth communication device that dynamically generates a user interface.
20. The communication network of claim 15, wherein the mediator is distributed across the first and second communication devices.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A transmucosal delivery device comprising a first layer and a second layer, wherein the first layer comprises a bioactive agent and the second layer comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a patch having a first surface and second surface, wherein the first layer is adjacent to the first surface of the patch, and the second layer is adjacent to the first layer.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein an additional first layer is adjacent to the second surface of the patch, and an additional second layer is adjacent to the additional first layer.
4. The device of claim 2, wherein the patch comprises a substantially impermeable material.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer comprise a gel, a hydrogel, an acrylic polymer, a cellulose polymer, a polyurethane, a polylacticpolyglycolic acid, a polyamino acid, a polysaccharide, a polyurea, a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), or any combination thereof.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first layer and second layer are separated by a removable separating layer.
7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a third layer comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent, wherein the first layer is between the second layer and third layer.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the first layer is adjacent to the second layer and third layer.
9. The device of claim 7, wherein the first layer and second layer are separated by a first removable separating layer, and the first layer and third layer are separated by a second removable separating layer.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein the first layer and second layer comprises a biocompatible polymer.
11. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a capsule, and the capsule comprises a core comprising the first layer and a second layer adjacent to the core.
12. The device of claim 1, wherein the bioactive agent comprises a peptide or a protein.
13. The device of claim 1, wherein the bioactive agent comprises a peptide or protein, and the peptide or protein comprises insulin, calcitonin, vasopressin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, leuprolide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, cholecystokinin, alpha-interferon, beta-interferon, gamma-interferon, human growth hormone, alpha-1-transforming growth factor, beta-1-transforming growth factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (G-MCSF), parathyroid hormone (PUT), glucagons, somatostatin, vase-active intestinal peptide (VIP); anti-cytokines, nutriceutical agents or any combination thereof.
14. The device of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent comprises iodine, povidone-iodine, any source of iodine or combinations of oxidants, silver protein, active oxygen, potassium permanganate, sulfonamides, or any combination thereof.
15. The device of claim 1, further comprising a mucosal penetration enhancer incorporated into the first layer, the second layer, or any combination thereof.
16. The device of claim 15, wherein the mucosal penetration enhancer comprises dimethyl sulfoxide, anionic surfactants, urea’s, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, terpenes, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, polyols, amides, lactam, acetone, alcohols, sugars or any combination thereof.
17. The device of claim 1, wherein the amount of bioactive agent is from 1% to 95% and the amount of pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent is from 1 to 90%.
18. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a bioactive agent, a pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises a gel, a hydrogel, an ointment, a solution, a paste, a powder, an absorbent gauze, a spray, a patch, a capsule or any combination thereof.
20. The composition of claim 18, wherein the bioactive agent comprises insulin and the pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent comprises iodine.
21. A kit comprising (a) comprising a bioactive agent on a first pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent on a second pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
22. A method of delivering a bioactive agent to a subject comprising at least one mucosal membrane, the method comprising applying the delivery device of claim 1 to the mucosal membrane.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the mucosal membrane is located within the nasal cavity, the mouth, gums, lips, cheeks, underneath the tongue, the rectum, or the vagina.
24. The method of claim 22, further comprising applying sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electrophoresis, electroosmosis, vibroacoustic force, or a combination thereof to the mucosal membrane either before or after contacting the mucosal membrane with the delivery device.
25. A method of delivering a bioactive agent to a subject comprising at least one mucosal membrane using the kit of claim 21, the method comprising contacting the mucosal membrane with (1) a pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent on a second pharmaceutically acceptable carrier followed by (2) contacting the mucosal membrane with the bioactive agent on a first pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
26. A method for treating a subject with diabetes comprising applying the delivery device of claim 1 to at least one mucosal membrane in the subject, wherein the bioactive agent comprises insulin and the pharmaceutically acceptable oxidizing agent comprises iodine.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the device further comprises a mucosal penetration enhancer comprising dimethyl sulfoxide, anionic surfactants, ureas, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, terpenes, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, polyols, amides, lactam, acetone, alcohols, sugars, or any combination thereof in the first layer, second layer, or both first and second layer.

1. A compound having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
Y1 is >NR5, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, >O, or a direct a bond between the 6-membered ring and R1;
wherein when Y1 is >NR5, NR5R1 is a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocyclic ring, which optionally comprises one or two additional heteroatoms selected from >O, >S or >N\u2014, in which NR5R1 is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents selected independently from an alkyl, an alkoxy, or a haloalkyl, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydroxyl, halogen, or cyano;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl or heterocyclyl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, >NR6, >SO2, or >CO;
R2 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
R5 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
any of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, \u2014CO2R6, \u2014COR8, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014SO2R8 and \u2014SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen, hydroxyl, or cyano;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms.
2. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
Y1 is >NR5, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, >O, or a direct a bond between the 6-membered ring and R1;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl or heterocyclyl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, >NR6, >SO2, or >CO;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
R5 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
R9, in each occurrence, is selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, or CONR6R7, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen;
m is an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
any of R1, R3, and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, \u2014CO2R6, \u2014COR8, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014SO2R8 and \u2014SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen, hydroxyl, or cyano;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms.
3. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R9 and R10, in each occurrence, are selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or cyano;
m and n are selected independently from an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; and
any of R3 and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, or a cycloalkyl, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or hydroxyl.
4. A compound according to Claim 3, wherein the compound is:
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-
propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo
4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine;
(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
2-Chloro-4-(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino)-phenol hydrochloride;
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine;
(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
2-Chloro-4-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-ylamino-phenol hydrochloride;
3-7-(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenylamino)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-5-yl-4-ethoxy-
benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride;
4-Ethoxy-3-7-(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-phenylamino)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-5-yl-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride;
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(2-ethoxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
5-(2-Ethoxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
yl-(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
2-Chloro-4-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-ylamino-phenol hydrochloride;
(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(1,3-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-(3-fluoro-4-
methoxy-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
2-Fluoro-4-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-ylamino-phenol hydrochloride;
Benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(1,3-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-(3-fluoro-
phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-
7-yl-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-
7-yl-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
(1,3-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-(4-
rifluoromethyl-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride;
N-{5-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino-2-hydroxy-phenyl}-acetamide hydrochloride;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl-(4-
methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;
(1,3-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-(2-methyl-
benzooxazol-5-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
N-4-(1,3-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-ylamino)-
phenyl-methanesulfonamide hydrochloride;
4-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino-N,N-dimethyl-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride;
4-(1,3-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-ylamino)-
benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride;
3-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino-benzamide hydrochloride;
3-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino-N-methyl-benzamide hydrochloride;
4-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride;
4-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride;
4-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino-benzamide hydrochloride;
4-5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino-N-methyl-benzamide hydrochloride; or
any combination thereof.
5. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, or a substituted or an unsubstituted heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R9, in each occurrence, is selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, or CONR6R7, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen;
m is an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; and
any of R1, R3, and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, or a haloalkoxy, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or hydroxyl.
6. A compound according to claim 5, wherein R1 is an indole, a benzimidazole, a benzoxazole, a benzo1,3dioxole, or a pyridine.
7. A compound according to claim 5, where the compound is:
(1H-Benzoimidazol-5-yl)-(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(1,3-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-(2-methyl-1H-
benzoimidazol-5-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
Benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-yl-amine hydrochloride; or
any combination thereof.
8. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R9 and R10, in each occurrence, are selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or cyano;
m and n are selected independently from an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; and
any of R3 and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, or a cycloalkyl, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or hydroxyl.
9. A compound according to Claim 8, where the compound is:
4-5-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-yl-2-methyl-phenol;
2-Methyl-4-(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-
7-yl)-phenol;
4-5-(3-hydroxy,4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-yl-2-methyl-phenol;
2-Chloro-4-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-yl-phenol;
7-(4-Methoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-7-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-7-p-tolyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidine;
7-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-7-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidine;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-7-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
7-(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-
1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-7-(4-methoxy-3-methyl-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-
1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-7-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-
1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
7-(3-Methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-7-(3-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dPyrimidine;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-7-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine; or
any combination thereof.
10. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted heteroaryl, or a substituted or an unsubstituted heterocyclyl, comprising at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from \u2014O\u2014, >N\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, >NR6, >CO, or >SO2, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms;
R9, in each occurrence, is selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, or CONR6R7, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen;
m is an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
any of R1, R3, and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or hydroxyl;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms.
11. A compound according to claim 10, wherein R1 is an indole, a benzo1,3dioxole, or a piperidine.
12. A compound according to Claim 10, wherein the compound is:
1-5-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidin-7-yl-piperidin-4-ol;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-7-indol-1-yl-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidine;
7-(5-Chloro-indol-1-yl)-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-3-propyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
7-Indol-1-yl-1,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidine;
7-Benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl-1,3-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidine; or
any combination thereof.
13. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
Y1 is \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, >O, or a direct a bond between the 6-membered ring and R1;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R9, in each occurrence, is selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, or CONR6R7, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen;
m is an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted allyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
any of R1, R3, and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, CO2R8, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or hydroxyl;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms.
14. A compound according to claim 13, wherein the compound is:
7-(4-Fluoro-phenoxy)-1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidine;
5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-methyl-7-phenylethynyl-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-
dpyrimidine; or
any combination thereof.
15. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R2 is a substituted or an unsubstituted haloalkyl or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R10, in each occurrence, is selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, NR6R7, OCH2O, CO2R6, COR6, CONR6R7, SO2R6, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R6, or NHCOR6, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or cyano;
n is an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; and
any of R2, R3, and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, or a cycloalkyl, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or hydroxyl.
16. A compound according to claim 15, wherein R2 is a thiophene or CF3.
17. A compound according to claim 15, wherein the compound is:
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-methyl-3-propyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-methyl-3-propyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(1,3-Dimethyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-(3-
fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-(1,3-dimethyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1,3-dimethyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
2-Chloro-4-(1,3-dimethyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-
ylamino)-phenol hydrochloride;
(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-methyl-3-propyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(4-Chloro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-(1-methyl-3-propyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride; or
any combination thereof.
18. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R1 and R2 are independently a substituted or an unsubstituted heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; and
any of R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or hydroxyl;
R6 and R7, in each occurrence, are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms.
19. A compound according to claim 18, wherein the compound is:
Benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl-(1-methyl-3-propyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
Benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl-(1,3-dimethyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-d
pyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
Benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl-(1-methyl-3-propyl-5-thiophen-2-yl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-dpyrimidin-7-yl)-amine hydrochloride; or
any combination thereof.
20. A compound according to claim 1, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R3 is CH3; and
R4 is CH2CH2CH3, CH2CH3, or CH3.
21. A method of treating a condition or disease state mediated by a high expression of TNF-alpha in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1 to the human or the animal, sufficient to reduce TNF-alpha levels.
22. A method of treating a condition or disease state mediated by an increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1 to the human or the animal, sufficient to reduce smooth muscle cell proliferation.
23. A method of treating atherosclerosis, arthritis, restenosis, diabetic nephropathy, or dyslipidemia in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 1.
24. A composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one compound having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
Y1 is >NR5, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, >O, or a direct a bond between the 6-membered ring and R1;
wherein when Y1 is >NR5, NR5R1 is a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocyclic ring, which optionally comprises one or two additional heteroatoms selected from >O, >S or >N\u2014, in which NR5R1 is optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents selected independently from an alkyl, an alkoxy, or a haloalkyl, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydroxyl, halogen, or cyano;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl or heterocyclyl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, >NR6, >SO2, or >CO;
R2 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
R5 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
any of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 is optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, \u2014CO2R6, \u2014COR8, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014SO2R8 and \u2014SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen, hydroxyl, or cyano;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof.
25. The composition as claimed in claim 24, further comprising:
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent; and
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate.
26. The composition as claimed in claim 24, further comprising an agent selected from an immunosuppressive agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antirheumatic agent, an antidyspilidemic agent, or any combination thereof.
27. The composition as claimed in claim 24, wherein the composition is in the form of a tablet, a capsule, a cachet, a powder, a granule, a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, a bolus, a lozenge, a suppository, a pessary, a tampon, a cream, a gel, a paste, a foam, a spray, an aerosol, a microcapsule, a liposome, a transdermal patch, a pastille, a paste, or a mouthwash.
28. A compound having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
Y1 is >NR5, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, >O, or a direct a bond between the 6-membered ring and R1;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl or heterocyclyl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, >NR6, >SO2, or >CO;
R2 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R3 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
R4 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
R5 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
any of R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen, hydroxyl, or cyano;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms.
29. A compound according to claim 28, wherein
R2 is a substituted or an unsubstituted haloalkyl, aryl, or thiophenyl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
R3 is an alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl;
R4 is an alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, or hydrogen;
any of R1 or R2 is optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms.
30. A compound according to claim 28, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R3 and R4 are selected independently from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or phenyl;
R9 and R10, in each occurrence, are selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, or SO2NR6R7, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or cyano;
m and n are selected independently from an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from H or methyl; and
R8 is methyl.
31. A compound according to claim 30, wherein the compound is:
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-(1,6-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolo3,4-dpyrimidin-
4-yl)-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy phenyl)-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo
3,4-d-pyrimidin-4ylamine hydrochloride;
(4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-
pyrazolo3,4-dpyrimidin-4-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Fluoro-phenyl)-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo3,4-
dpyrimidin-4-yl-amine hydrochloride;
6-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo3,4-dpyrimidin-4-yl-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride; or
any combination thereof.
32. A compound according to claim 28, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
33. A method of treating a condition or disease state mediated by a high expression of TNF-alpha in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 28 to the human or the animal, sufficient to reduce TNF-alpha levels.
34. A method of treating a condition or disease state mediated by an increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 28 to the human or the animal, sufficient to reduce smooth muscle cell proliferation.
35. A method of treating atherosclerosis, arthritis, restenosis, diabetic nephropathy, or dyslipidemia in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 28.
36. A composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one compound having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
Y1 is >NR5, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, >O, or a direct a bond between the 6-membered ring and R1;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl or heterocyclyl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, >NR6, >SO2, or >CO;
R2 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R3 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
R4 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
R5 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms, or hydrogen;
any of R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen, hydroxyl, or cyano;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof.
37. The composition as claimed in claim 36, further comprising:
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent; and
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate.
38. The composition as claimed in claim 36, further comprising an agent selected from an immunosuppressive agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antirheumatic agent, an antidyspilidemic agent, or any combination thereof.
39. The composition as claimed in claim 36, wherein the composition is in the form of a tablet, a capsule, a cachet, a powder, a granule, a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, a bolus, a lozenge, a suppository, a pessary, a tampon, a cream, a gel, a paste, a foam, a spray, an aerosol, a microcapsule, a liposome, a transdermal patch, a pastille, a paste, or a mouthwash.
40. A compound having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
Y1 is >NR5, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, >O, or a direct a bond between the 6-membered ring and R1;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl or heterocyclyl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, >NR6, >SO2, or >CO;
R2 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
R5 is an alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms or hydrogen;
any of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen, hydroxyl, or cyano;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms.
41. A compound according to claim 40, having the formula:
4-Benzo1,3dioxol-5-yl-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-cpyridine;
(6-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-cpyridin-4-yl-amine hydrochloride;
6-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(3-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-cpyridine;
6-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-(4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-cpyridine;
6-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-4-(4-trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-cpyridine;
any combination thereof.
42. A compound according to claim 40, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R3 and R4 are selected independently from methyl, ethyl, propyl, or phenyl;
R9 and R10, in each occurrence, are selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, NR6R7, CO2R8, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, or SO2NR6R7, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen or cyano;
m and n are selected independently from an integer from 0 to 3, inclusive;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from H or methyl; and
R8 is methyl.
43. A compound according to claim 42, wherein the compound is:
(3-Chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-c pyridin-4-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(3-Fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-
pyrazolo4,3-cpyridin-4-yl-amine hydrochloride;
(4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-6-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-
1H-pyrazolo4,3-cpyridin-4-yl-amine hydrochloride;
6-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-cpyridin-4-yl-(3-
trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
6-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-cpyridin-4-yl-(4-
methanesulfonyl-phenyl)-amine;
(1,3-dimethyl-6-(4-fluoro phenyl)-1H-pyrazolo4,3-cpyridin-4-yl)-(4-
trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-amine hydrochloride;
4-6-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-cpyridin-4-
ylamino-N-methyl-benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride;
N-{4-6-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo4,3-cpyridin-4-
ylamino-phenyl}-methanesulfonamide hydrochloride; or
any combination thereof.
44. A compound according to claim 40, having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
R3 and R4 are CH2CH2CH3, CH2CH3, or CH3.
45. A method of treating a condition or disease state mediated by a high expression of TNF-alpha in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 40 to the human or the animal, sufficient to reduce TNF-alpha levels.
46. A method of treating a condition or disease state mediated by an increased proliferation of smooth muscle cells in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 40 to the human or the animal, sufficient to reduce smooth muscle cell proliferation.
47. A method of treating atherosclerosis, arthritis, restenosis, diabetic nephropathy, or dyslipidemia in a human or an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound according to claim 40.
48. A composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one compound having the formula:
or a salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof, wherein:
Y1 is >NR5, \u2014C\u2261C\u2014, >O, or a direct a bond between the 6-membered ring and R1;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl or heterocyclyl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, >NR6, >SO2, or >CO;
R1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms; wherein any heteroaryl comprises at least one heteroatom or heterogroup selected from >O, >N\u2014, >S, or >NR6;
R3 and R4 are selected independently from a substituted or an unsubstituted alkyl or a substituted or an unsubstituted aryl, any of which having up to 12 carbon atoms;
R5 is an alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms or hydrogen;
any of R1, R2, R3, and R4 is optionally substituted with at least one group selected independently from: 1) an alkyl, an alkoxy, an alkylthio, a haloalkyl, a haloalkoxy, a cycloalkyl, NR6R7, CO2R6, COR8, CONR6R7, SO2R8, SO2NR6R7, NHSO2R8, or NHCOR8, any of which having up to 10 carbon atoms; or 2) halogen, hydroxyl, or cyano;
R6 and R7 are selected independently from an alkyl or an aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms, or hydrogen; and
R8 is an alkyl or aryl having up to 10 carbon atoms;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a prodrug, a diastereomeric mixture, an enantiomer, a tautomer, a racemic mixture, or any combination thereof.
49. The composition as claimed in claim 48, further comprising:
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent; and
optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate.
50. The composition as claimed in claim 48, further comprising an agent selected from an immunosuppressive agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antirheumatic agent, an antidyspilidemic agent, or any combination thereof.
51. The composition as claimed in claim 48, wherein the composition is in the form of a tablet, a capsule, a cachet, a powder, a granule, a solution, a suspension, an emulsion, a bolus, a lozenge, a suppository, a pessary, a tampon, a cream, a gel, a paste, a foam, a spray, an aerosol, a microcapsule, a liposome, a transdermal patch, a pastille, a paste, or a mouthwash.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1.-4. (canceled)
5. A method of minimising dead time of a path set-up and tear-down process in a centrally controlled network, comprising:
receiving at a central controller a path setup message from a node;
sending a tear-down signal to a node which is sending information on an existing path; and
sending a set-up signal to each node in a new path,
wherein the propagation delay time for each set-up and tear-down signal is determined and an order of sending derived, and
wherein each signal is sent in an order such that each signal arrives at its destination at an optimal time with respect to each other signal, thereby minimising dead time.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the central controller operates in parallel such that each signal can be sent at a time resulting in the signal arriving at its destination substantially simultaneously with the other signals.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the controller sends a test signal to each node to determine the propagation delay time of each link before deriving the signal sending order.
8. The method according to claim 8, wherein the central controller operates in parallel such that each signal can be sent at a time resulting in the signal arriving at its destination substantially simultaneously with the other signals.
9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the network is an optical network.