Author: claimsbot

1. Method of producing or modifying explosive-filled, fragmentation shells (1) that disperse fragments on the pre-programmed detonation of their own explosive (7), that is to say when the shell bursts, so that when fired from a barrelled weapon these present a reduced risk of injury to personnel and damage to materiel, which at the moment of firing are undeservedly situated between the firing barrelled weapon and a target, characterized in that the material parts in the rear body part (6) of the shell (1), which when the shell (1) bursts normally give rise to fragments directed rearwards in relation to the direction of flight (A) of the shell (1), are dimensioned and thickened (5) so that the fragments formed from these material parts of the shell (1) acquire a rearward velocity away from the centre of detonation of the explosive (7) that is lower than the flight velocity of the shell (1) itself at the instant of bursting.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material in the parts of the shell body (6) which nonnally give rise to rearward fragments is strengthened by means of a separate material thickening (5).
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the separate material thickening is provided by a preferably dished insert (5), which is applied to conform precisely to the inner wall of the shell (1) inside a space (3) in the shell body (6) intended for the explosive (7).
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material thickening or the insert (5) is produced from a material which is ignited when the shell (1) bursts and thereby gives rise to a pressure effect together with braking of the velocity of all the fragments formed when the shell (1) bursts a directed rearwards in relation to the direction of flight (A) of the shell (1).
5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used for modifying older shell bodies (6), previously manufactured and stored.
6. Explosive-filled, fragmentation shell (1) that disperses fragments on the pre-programmed detonation of its own explosive (7), that is to say when the shell bursts, modified in accordance with one of the methods according to claim 1, so that the shell (1), when it bursts, presents a reduced risk of injury to personnel and damage to materiel, which at the instant of bursting are undeservedly situated between the firing weapon and the target, characterized in that the parts of the material in the rear part of the shell body (6), which when the shell (1) bursts normally give rise to fragments directed rearwards in relation to the direction of flight (A) of the shell (1), comprise a material thickening (5) which is dimensioned so that the fragments formed from these parts of the shell (1) acquire a rearward velocity away from the centre of detonation of the explosive (7) that is lower than the flight velocity of the shell (1) itself at the instant the shell (1) bursts.
7. Explosive-filled shell according to claim 6, characterized in that the material in the parts of the shell body (6) which normally give rise to rearward fragments comprises a separate material thickening (5).
8. Explosive-filled shell according to claim 7, characterized in that the separate material thickening (5) is arranged in an inner rear part of the shell body (6) and comprises a preferably dished material-thickening insert (5).
9. Explosive-filled shell according to any one of claim 6, characterized in that the material thickening or the inert (5) comprises a material capable of igniting when the shell (1) bursts.
10. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the material thickening or the insert (5) is produced from a material which is ignited when the shell (1) bursts and thereby gives rise to a pressure effect together with braking of the velocity of all the fragments formed when the shell (1) bursts a directed rearwards in relation to the direction of flight (A) of the shell (1).
11. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the material thickening or the insert (5) is produced from a material which is ignited when the shell (1) bursts and thereby gives rise to a pressure effect together with braking of the velocity of all the fragments formed when the shell (1) bursts a directed rearwards in relation to the direction of flight (A) of the shell (1).
12. The method according to claim 4 wherein said material is aluminum.
13. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that it is used for modifying older shell bodies (6), previously manufactured and stored.
14. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that it is used for modifying older shell bodies (6), previously manufactured and stored.
15. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that it is used for modifying older shell bodies (6), previously manufactured and stored.
16. Explosive-filled shell according to claim 7 characterized in that the material thickening or the inert (5) comprises a material capable of igniting when the shell (1) bursts.
17. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it is used for modifying older shell bodies (6), previously manufactured and stored.
18. The method according to claim 9 wherein said material is aluminum.
19. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that it is used for modifying older shell bodies (6), previously manufactured and stored.
20. Explosive-filled shell according to claim 18 characterized in that the material thickening or the inert (5) comprises a material capable of igniting when the shell (1) bursts.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A pointing device comprising a case fixed to a mounting substrate, a sliding-type operating body that is mounted to said case for inputting a signal in X-Y directions and is slid in all directions around itself and along a surface of said substrate, and a pair of moving bodies for moving linearly in X and Y directions in said case as said operating body is slid, wherein a metal plate is used for at least one of said pair of moving bodies.
2. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said case has a two-piece structure formed by mounting an upper case and a lower case to each other and at least one of said upper case and said lower case is formed of a metal plate.
3. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said case is positioned below said pair of moving bodies and houses a built-in substrate for forming a volume.
4. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said moving body for which said metal plate is used has a plate-shaped metal portion extending in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction and resin portions in a pair respectively mounted to opposite end portions of said metal portion for movably retaining said metal portion in said case.
5. The pointing device according to claim 4, wherein said resin portions retain a contact for forming said volume on a lower face side.
6. The pointing device according to claim 5, wherein said contact comes into sliding contact with a resistor circuit formed on an upper face of said built-in substrate.
7. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said moving bodies are resiliently retained in an origin position by springs for origin returning disposed between a top plate portion of said case and resin portions.
8. The pointing device according to claim 1, wherein said operating body can move in a Z direction perpendicular to said X-Y directions and operates a press-down switch disposed below said operating body.
9. The pointing device according to claim 8, wherein said press-down switch is formed of a switch circuit formed on an upper face of a built-in substrate and a resilient contact chip fixed onto said switch circuit.

What is claimed:

1. A method of increasing systemic bioavailability of a hormone administered by inhalation comprising:
administering to the respiratory system of a patient or animal in need of said hormone aerodynamically light particles that have a mass mean diameter greater than 5 m, an aerodynamic diameter less than 4.7 m and that include said hormone,
wherein the particles are delivered and deposited to the patient’s or animal’s lungs and the hormone is released in the patient’s or animal’s blood stream for at least 4 hours.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the hormone is insulin.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the hormone is testosterone.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the particles further include a biodegradable material.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the mass mean diameter is greater than 10 m.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the mass mean diameter is greater than 20 m.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the hormone is released in the patient’s or animal’s blood stream for at least 10 hours.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the hormone is released in the patient’s or animal’s blood stream for at least 24 hours.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the hormone is released in the patient’s or animal’s blood stream for at least 48 hours.
10. A method of delivering a hormone to the pulmonary system to a patient or animal, comprising:
administering, via inhalation, particles that include a hormone and a biodegradable material, have an aerodynamic diameter less than about 4.7 m and a mass mean diameter greater than about 5 m,
wherein the hormone is delivered and deposited in the patient’s or animal’s lungs and is released in the patient’s or animal’s blood stream for at least 4 hours.
11. A method of increasing the bioavailabilty of a hormone, comprising:
administering to a patient or animal, via inhalation, particles that include a hormone and a biodegradable material, have an aerodynamic diameter less than about 4.7 m and a mass mean diameter greater than about 5 m,
wherein the hormone is delivered and deposited in the patient’s or animal’s lungs and is released in the patient’s or animal’s blood stream for at least 4 hours.
12. A method for making aerodynamically light particles for administration of a hormone to the respiratory tract by inhalation, the method comprising forming particles that include the hormone and a biodegradable material and that have an aerodynamic diameter that is less than 4.7 m and a mass mean diameter that is greater than 5 m.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the hormone is insulin.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the hormone is testosterone.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the mass mean diameter is greater than 10 m.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein the mass mean diameter is greater than 20 m.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein the aerodynamically light particles are made by spray-drying.
18. The method of claim 12 wherein the aerodynamically light particles are made by solvent evaporation.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A cardiac monitor for detecting a cardiac event, the monitor comprising:
(a) a sensor for sensing an analog signal from a human heart;
(b) a device coupled to the sensor, the device having an analog-to-digital circuit system contained therein for digitizing the analog signal to produce a digitized waveform; and
(c) a processor electrically coupled to the analog-to-digital circuit system, said processor configured to:
(i) compute a plurality of values of a heart signal parameter from the digitized waveform;
(ii) compute a plurality of heart rate values associated with the plurality of values of the heart signal parameter;
(iii) store data pertaining to the plurality of values of the heart signal parameter and the plurality of heart rate values;
(iv) select a plurality of heart rate boundaries defining a plurality of heart rate bins, thereby grouping the data pertaining to the plurality of values of the heart signal parameter according to heart rate, wherein the heart rate boundaries are based on a target number of entries in the plurality of heart rate bins;
(v) set a plurality of detection thresholds corresponding to the plurality of heart rate bins;
(vi) determine a first major positive threshold and a first major negative threshold for said heart values in each of said bins;
(vii) determine a number of data entries of said heart values which exist between said first positive and said first negative major thresholds for each bin defining sub-threshold entries;
(viii) sum the number of heart value entries within said first major positive and first major negative thresholds for all of said bins defining a total number of sub-threshold entries;
(ix) set the first major positive and first major negative thresholds to a predetermined set of values if said total number of sub-threshold entries is less than predetermined number of entries needed for ischemia detection, or calculate a minor negative threshold and a minor positive threshold for a selected bin as a function of the sub-threshold entries; and
(x) apply a test to detect a cardiac event, wherein the test is based on at least one of the detection thresholds.
2. The cardiac monitor as recited in claim 1 where processor is further configured to:
(i) compute a median of said heart rate values in a selected bin; data entry deviations as a function of the sub-threshold entries for each bin; and
(ii) calculate a second major positive and negative threshold for a selected bin as a function of the median of said heart rate values and a positive and negative dispersion of heart rate values in said selected bin.
3. The cardiac monitor as recited in claim 2 where the processor is further configured to:
(i) calculate an average positive and negative interval as a function of the second major positive and negative thresholds and said median for a selected bin where the sub-threshold entries are greater than a function of the total number of sub-threshold entries over all bins; and
(ii) calculate a further minor negative and positive threshold within each bin as a function of the positive and negative measure of dispersion and average positive and negative intervals.