Author: claimsbot

1. A three-dimensional measuring apparatus for measuring a measurement object, the three-dimensional measuring apparatus comprising:
pattern forming means for forming a pattern for light to be projected onto the measurement object, said pattern comprising a combination of N individual patterns having an intensity Ii (i=1, 2, 3, . . . , N), respectively, said combination including a pattern employing either an optimal combination which provides a maximum difference in an intensity of the relative maximums between a target individual pattern and an individual pattern adjacent thereto, or a second optimal combination which provides a sufficiently large difference in an intensity of the relative maximums between a target individual pattern and an individual pattern adjacent thereto;
projecting means for projecting a pattern of light in the pattern formed by the pattern forming means onto the measurement object;
imaging means for capturing an image of the measurement object illuminated with the pattern of light;
projected pattern light detection means for detecting the projected pattern of light on the image;
direction angle computing means for comparing the projected pattern of light and an original pattern of light to compute a direction angle of the projected pattern of light;
dividing means for dividing the projected pattern of light at every cycle;
phase value computing means for computing a phase value at a measuring point from the divided projected pattern of light;
distance computing means for computing a depth distance of the measuring point from the computed phase value; and
three-dimensional information computing means for computing three-dimensional information on the measurement object using the computed depth distance of the measuring point.
2. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising intensity value correcting means for correcting an intensity value of a projected pattern of light detected by the projected pattern light detection means.
3. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising position correcting means for correcting the position of a measurement object in an image acquired by the imaging means.
4. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising position correcting means for correcting the position of a measurement object in an image acquired by the imaging means.
5. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional information computing means computes spatial coordinates, distance, angle, area or volume of the measurement object.
6. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the three-dimensional information computing means computes spatial coordinates, distance, angle, area or volume of the measurement object.
7. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the three-dimensional information computing means computes spatial coordinates, distance, angle, area or volume of the measurement object.
8. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the three-dimensional information computing means computes spatial coordinates, distance, angle, area or volume of the measurement object.
9. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pattern is formed in the shape of stripes.
10. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the pattern is formed in the shape of stripes.
11. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pattern is formed in the shape of stripes.
12. The three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the pattern is formed in the shape of stripes.
13. A three-dimensional measuring method for measuring a measurement object, the three-dimensional measuring method comprising:
a pattern forming step of forming a pattern for light to be projected onto the measurement object, said pattern comprising a combination of N individual patterns having an intensity Ii (i=1, 2, 3, . . . , N), respectively said combination including a pattern employing either an optimal combination which provides a maximum difference in an intensity of the relative maximums between a target individual pattern and an individual pattern adjacent thereto, or a second optimal combination which provides a sufficiently large difference in an intensity of the relative maximums between a target individual pattern and an individual pattern adjacent thereto;
a pattern light projecting step of projecting a pattern of light in the pattern formed in the pattern forming step onto the measurement object;
an imaging step of capturing an image of the measurement object illuminated with the pattern of light;
a projected pattern light detection step of detecting the projected pattern of light on the image;
a direction angle computing step of comparing the projected pattern of light and an original pattern of light to compute a direction angle of the projected pattern of light;
a dividing step of dividing the projected pattern of light at every cycle;
a phase value computing step of computing a phase value at a measuring point from the divided projected pattern of light;
a distance computing step of computing a depth distance of the measuring point from the computed phase value; and
a three-dimensional information computing step of computing three-dimensional information on the measurement object using the computed depth distance of the measuring point.
14. The three-dimensional measuring method according to claim 13, further comprising an intensity value correcting step of correcting an intensity value of a projected pattern of light detected in the projected pattern light detection step.
15. A computer-readable storage medium containing instructions for a three-dimensional measuring apparatus, the instructions for causing the three-dimensional measuring apparatus to execute:
a pattern forming step of forming a pattern for light to be projected onto a measurement object, said pattern comprising a combination of N individual patterns having an intensity Ii (i=1, 2, 3, . . . , N), respectively, said combination including a pattern employing either an optimal combination which provides a maximum difference in an intensity of the relative maximums between a target individual pattern and an individual pattern adjacent thereto, or a second optimal combination which provides a sufficiently large difference in an intensity of the relative maximums between a target individual pattern and an individual pattern adjacent thereto;
a projected pattern light detection step of detecting a projected pattern of light formed by a pattern forming means on an image of the measurement object illuminated with a projected pattern of light in the pattern formed in the pattern forming step;
a direction angle computing step of comparing the projected pattern of light and an original pattern of light to compute a direction angle of the projected pattern of light;
a dividing step of dividing the projected pattern of light at every cycle;
a phase value computing step of computing a phase value at a measuring point from the divided projected pattern of light;
a distance computing step of computing a depth distance of the measuring point from the computed phase value; and
a three-dimensional information computing step of computing three-dimensional information on the measurement object using the computed depth distance of the measuring point.
16. The computer-readable storage medium containing instructions for a three-dimensional measuring apparatus according to claim 15, the instructions further for causing the three-dimensional measuring apparatus to execute an intensity value correcting step of correcting an intensity value of a projected pattern of light detected in the projected pattern light detection step.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A physical quantity sensor element comprising:
a supporting portion;
a mass portion; and
a beam portion which connects the supporting portion and the mass portion to each other,
wherein the beam portion includes a branched portion.
2. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 1,
wherein the beam portion includes two mass portion side beam portions which extend from two positions in the mass portion, which are different from each other, and
wherein both end portions on the supporting portion side of the two mass portion side beam portions are connected to each other.
3. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 2,
wherein a width of an end portion on the mass portion side of each of the mass portion side beam portions is greater than a width of a middle portion of each of the mass portion side beam portions.
4. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 1,
wherein the beam portion includes two supporting portion side beam portions which extend from the two positions in the supporting portion, which are different from each other, and
wherein both end portions on the mass portion side of the two supporting portion side beam portions are connected to each other.
5. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 4,
wherein a width of the end portion on the supporting portion side of each of the supporting portion side beam portions is greater than a width of a middle portion of each of the supporting portion side beam portions.
6. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 1,
wherein the beam portion includes two branched beam portions which are branched from the middle of the beam portion, and
wherein both end portions on the mass portion side of the two branched beam portions are connected to each other, and both end portions on the supporting portion side of the two branched beam portions are connected to each other.
7. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 1, further comprising:
a first mass portion and a second mass portion which respectively form the mass portion;
a first supporting portion and a second supporting portion which respectively form the supporting portion;
a first beam portion which forms the beam portion for connecting the first mass portion and the first supporting portion;
a second beam portion which forms the beam portion for connecting the second mass portion and the second supporting portion; and
a coupling portion which connects the first mass portion and the second mass portion to each other.
8. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 7,
wherein one end portion of the coupling portion is connected to a portion in the first mass portion, and the other end portion of the coupling portion is connected to a portion in the second mass portion,
wherein the first mass portion is connected to the one end portion of the coupling portion, and includes the first easily deformable portion which is deformable so as to reduce a change of a posture of the first mass portion with respect to a reference surface, and
wherein the second mass portion is connected to the other end portion of the coupling portion, and includes the second easily deformable portion which is deformable so as to reduce a change of a posture of the second mass portion with respect to the reference surface.
9. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 8,
wherein the first mass portion includes a first gap portion in which the first easily deformable portion is disposed, and
wherein the second mass portion includes a second gap portion in which the second easily deformable portion is disposed.
10. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 7, further comprising: an electrode which detects vibration of the first supporting portion and the second supporting portion along the reference surface.
11. A physical quantity sensor comprising:
the physical quantity sensor element according to claim 1; and
a package which stores the physical quantity sensor element.
12. Electronic equipment comprising the physical quantity sensor element according to claim 1.
13. A movable body comprising the physical quantity sensor element according to claim 1.
14. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 2,
wherein the beam portion includes two supporting portion side beam portions which extend from the two positions in the supporting portion, which are different from each other, and
wherein both end portions on the mass portion side of the two supporting portion side beam portions are connected to each other.
15. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 14, further comprising:
a first mass portion and a second mass portion which respectively form the mass portion;
a first supporting portion and a second supporting portion which respectively form the supporting portion;
a first beam portion which forms the beam portion for connecting the first mass portion and the first supporting portion;
a second beam portion which forms the beam portion for connecting the second mass portion and the second supporting portion; and
a coupling portion which connects the first mass portion and the second mass portion to each other.
16. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 15,
wherein one end portion of the coupling portion is connected to a portion in the first mass portion, and the other end portion of the coupling portion is connected to a portion in the second mass portion,
wherein the first mass portion is connected to the one end portion of the coupling portion, and includes a first easily deformable portion which is deformable so as to reduce a change of a posture of the first mass portion with respect to a reference surface, and
wherein the second mass portion is connected to the other end portion of the coupling portion, and includes a second easily deformable portion which is deformable so as to reduce a change of a posture of the second mass portion with respect to the reference surface.
17. The physical quantity sensor element, according to claim 16,
wherein the first mass portion includes a first gap portion in which the first easily deformable portion is disposed, and
wherein the second mass portion includes a second gap portion in which the second easily deformable portion is disposed.
18. The physical quantity sensor element according to claim 17, further comprising: an electrode which detects the vibration of the first supporting portion and the second supporting portion along the reference surface.

We claim:

1. An automated transaction machine apparatus comprising:
at least one computer processor;
at least one data store in operative connection with the computer processor, wherein the computer processor is operative to cause a plurality of digital information files to be retrieved from at least one digital information source located remotely from the machine and saved in the data store;
at least one input device in operative connection with the computer processor;
a cash dispenser device in operative connection with the computer processor, wherein the computer processor is operative to cause the cash dispenser to dispense currency responsive to at least one first input through the at least one input device; and
at least one output device in operative connection with the computer processor, wherein the computer processor is operative to cause the dispense of at least one of the digital information files through the at least one output device responsive to at least one second input through the at least one input device that corresponds to the at least one digital information file.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the at least one input device comprises a card reader device in operative connection with the computer processor, wherein the card reader device is operative to read account indicia from a card, and wherein the computer processor is operative to cause one or more fees to be charged to the account corresponding to the dispense of currency and the dispense of the at least one digital information file.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one digital information file includes a digital sound recording file.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the at least one digital information file includes an MP3 file.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the at least one output device includes a sound system, and wherein the computer processor is operative to cause the output of sound through the sound system responsive to the at least one digital information file.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the computer processor is operative to cause a licensing fee associated with the at least one digital information file, to be transferred to a licensing entity.
7. Apparatus comprising:
an automated transaction machine including:
at least one input device;
a cash dispenser, wherein the cash dispenser delivers cash from the machine responsive to inputs to the at least one input device;
at least one output device, wherein the at least one output device is operative to cause the delivery of digital content responsive to inputs to the at least one input device.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the at least one output device is releasibly operatively connectable to a portable computing device.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the at least one output device comprises a communications port releasibly operatively connectable to a portable computing device adjacent the machine.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the digital content comprises at least one sound file.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein the at least one sound file comprises a music file.
12. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the digital content comprises at least one audiovisual file.
13. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the at least one input device is adapted to receive at least one input corresponding to an account, and wherein the machine further includes:
at least one processor, wherein the processor is in operative connection with the at least one input device, the cash dispenser and the at least one output device, and wherein the processor is operative to cause the account to be charged for at least one of delivered cash and digital content.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the at least one input device includes a card reader, and wherein the input corresponding to an account is produced responsive to at least one card read by the card reader.
15. The apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the processor is operative to cause content indicia corresponding to a plurality of portions of the digital content to be output through the at least one output device, and wherein the processor is operative to cause a selected portion of the digital content to be delivered responsive to at least one selection input corresponding to the selected portion, through the at least one input device.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the machine includes a display device and the content indicia is output through the display device.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16 wherein the content indicia includes a graphic image corresponding to at least one of the portions of the digital content.
18. The apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the apparatus comprises at least one content data store, wherein the digital content is delivered from the content data store.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the content data store comprises a local content data store located in the machine.
20. The apparatus according to claim 18 and further comprising:
at least one network in operative connection with the machine; and
at least one remote computer in operative connection with the network, wherein the content data store is in the at least one remote computer.
21. The apparatus according to claim 20 and further comprising:
at least one financial transaction computer in operative connection with the at least one network, wherein the processor is operative to cause the account to be charged through communication with the at least one financial transaction computer through the at least one network.
22. The apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the at least one input device on the machine is operative to receive a network delivery address, and further comprising:
at least one network in operative connection with the machine, wherein the processor is operative to cause the digital content to be delivered through the at least one network to the network delivery address, whereby a remote computer corresponding to the network delivery address is enabled to receive the digital content.
23. The apparatus according to claim 19 and further comprising:
at least one network in operative connection with the machine; and
at least one remote computer in operative connection with the network, wherein the at least one remote computer includes at least one remote content data store.
24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the machine is operative to selectively deliver digital content from either the local content data store or the remote content data store responsive to at least one input to the at least one input device.
25. The apparatus according to claim 23 wherein the processor is operative to cause digital content in the remote content data store to be stored in the local content data store.
26. The apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the processor is operative on a periodic basis to cause selected digital content in the remote content data store to be stored in the local data store.
27. The apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the selected digital content comprises at least one sound file corresponding to at least one currently popular song.
28. The apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the selected digital content comprises at least one sound file corresponding to at least one currently popular book.
29. The apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the selected digital content comprises at least one audiovisual file corresponding to at least one currently popular movie.
30. The apparatus according to claim 27 wherein the selected digital content includes at least one graphic image corresponding to the at least one song.
31. The apparatus according to claim 13 and further comprising:
at least one network in operative connection with the machine,
at least one financial transaction computer in operative connection with the network, wherein the processor is operative to cause the account to be charged responsive to communication through the at least one network with the at least one financial transaction computer.
32. The apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the at least one financial transaction computer includes a source account associated with a source of the digital content, and wherein the source account is credited responsive to delivery of the digital content.
33. The apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the at least one financial transaction computer includes a licensing account associated with a licensing entity for the digital content, and wherein the licensing account is credited responsive to the delivery of the digital content.
34. The apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the account is associated with a user of the machine, and wherein the at least one financial transaction computer includes the account, and wherein the account is debited responsive to either delivery of cash or delivery of digital content.
35. The apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the at least one financial transaction computer holds a content prepay account for delivery of digital content, and wherein the processor is operative responsive to at least one input to at least one input device to cause funds to be transferred from the account to the content prepay account, and wherein the processor is operative to cause the content prepay account to be debited responsive to the delivery of the digital content.
36. The apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the output device includes a reproduction device operative to reproduce the digital content on a portable storage medium.
37. The apparatus according to claim 36 wherein the reproduction device is operative to cause the digital content to be reproduced in a portable computing device releasibly operatively connectable with the machine.
38. The apparatus according to claim 37 wherein the digital content is reproduced in the portable computing device such that it can only be played in the portable computing device.
39. The apparatus according to claim 37 wherein the digital content is reproduced in the portable computing device such that it cannot be further transferred in digital form from the portable computing device.
40. The apparatus according to claim 37 wherein the digital content is reproduced in the portable computing device such that it can only be played a limited number of times.
41. The apparatus according to claim 37 wherein the digital content is reproduced in the portable computing device such that it can only be played during a limited time period.
42. The apparatus according to claim 36 wherein the machine includes a supply of portable media, and the reproduction device is operative to reproduce the digital content on the portable storage media from the supply.
43. The apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the digital content is reproduced in the portable computing device such that reproduction of the digital con tent is restricted.
44. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the machine further comprises a supply of portable storage media, and wherein the digital content is delivered by being reproduced on portable storage media from the supply.
45. The apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the at least one output device includes a sound system, and wherein the digital content is delivered through audio outputs through the sound system.
46. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the at least one output device includes a sound system, and wherein the digital content is delivered through audio outputs through the sound system.
47. The apparatus according to claim according to claim 31 wherein the at least one output device includes an audiovisual output device, and wherein the digital content is delivered as audiovisual outputs through the audiovisual output device.
48. The apparatus according to claim according to claim 7 wherein the at least one output device includes an audiovisual output device, and wherein the digital content is delivered as audiovisual outputs through the audiovisual output device.
49. The apparatus according to claim according to claim 31 wherein the at least one output device includes a printer device, and wherein the digital content is delivered by printing the digital content with the printer device.
50. The apparatus according to claim according to claim 7 wherein the at least one output device includes a printer device, and wherein the digital content is delivered by printing the digital content with the printer device.
51. The apparatus according to claim 46 wherein the machine is located in an establishment, and wherein the account charged for the delivered digital content is an account of an operator of the establishment.
52. The apparatus according to claim 48 wherein the machine is located in an establishment, and wherein the account charged for the delivered digital content is an account of an operator of the establishment.
53. The apparatus according to claim 7 wherein the automated transaction machine further comprises:
a currency acceptor, wherein the machine is further operative to deliver digital content responsive to deposit of cash into the currency acceptor.
54. The apparatus according to claim 47 wherein the automated transaction machine further comprises:
a currency acceptor, wherein the machine is further operative to deliver digital content responsive to deposit of cash into the currency acceptor.
55. A method comprising:
(a) providing at least one account identifying input to the at least one input device of the automated transaction machine of claim 7;
(b) providing at least one dispense input to the at least one input device of the machine;
(c) dispensing either cash from the machine or digital content responsive to the at least one dispense input.
56. The method according to claim 55 and further comprising:
(d) charging an amount for the dispense of cash or digital content, to an account associated with the at least one account identifying input.
57. The method according to claim 56 wherein step (a) comprises reading the account identifying indicia from a card with a card reader on the machine, and wherein step (d) comprises communicating with a financial transaction computer remotely located from the machine.
58. The method according to claim 55 wherein step (c) includes recording the dispensed digital content with a portable computing device.
59. The method according to claim 58 wherein step (c) includes placing the portable computing device in releasible operative connection with an output device on the machine.
60. The method according to claim 58 wherein in step (c) the recording is conducted such that reproduction from the portable computing device is restricted.
61. The method according to claim 55 wherein the digital content comprises a sound file.
62. The method according to claim 61 wherein the digital content comprises a music file.
63. The method according to claim 61 wherein the digital content comprises a document file.
65. The method according to claim 55 wherein the digital content comprises an audiovisual file.
64. The method according to claim 61 wherein the digital content comprises an image file.
66. The method according to claim 55 wherein in step (c) the dispense of digital content comprises sending the digital content through at least one network to a network delivery address.
67. The method according to claim 55 and further comprising:
(d) crediting a source account associated with a source of the digital content responsive to the dispense of digital content in step (c).
68. The method according to claim 55 and further comprising:
(d) crediting a licensing account associated with a licensing entity of the digital content responsive to the dispense of digital content in step (c).
69. The method according to claim 55 and further comprising:
(d) debiting an amount from an account associated with the account identifying input; and
(e) crediting the amount to a prepay account;
(f) debiting the prepay account responsive to the dispense of digital content in step (c).
70. The method according to claim 55 wherein in step (c) the dispense of digital content includes delivering sounds through a sound system.
71. The method according to claim 55 wherein in step (c) the dispensing of digital content includes delivering audiovisual material through an audiovisual system.
72. The method according to claim 55 wherein in step (c) the dispense of digital content includes printing digital content with a printer.
73. The method according to claim 70 wherein the machine is located in an establishment, and further comprising:
(d) charging an account associated with the establishment responsive to the dispense of digital content.
74. The method according to claim 55 and further comprising:
d) reproducing in a local content data store in the machine, digital content from at least one remote content data store accessed through at least one network by the machine.
75. The method according to claim 74 wherein in step (c) the digital content is delivered form the local content data store.
76. The method according to claim 74 wherein in step (c) the digital content is delivered from either the local content data store or the remote content data store.
77. The method according to claim 55 wherein in step (a) the account identifying input comprises a biometric input from a user of the machine.
78. The method according to claim 55 wherein step (c) comprises reproducing the digital content on a portable media.
79. The method according to claim 78 wherein in step (c) the portable media is from a supply of portable media in the machine.
80. The method according to claim 55 wherein in step (c) the portable media is supplied by a user of the machine.
81. The method according to claim 55 and further comprising:
(d) receiving currency with a currency acceptor on the machine; and
(e) dispensing digital content responsive to the receipt of currency in step (d).
82. Computer readable media operative to cause at least one processor in the automated transaction machine to carry out step (c) recited in claim 55, responsive to performance of steps (a) and (b).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A carbon dioxide storage system comprising:
a container;
an inlet attached to the container, the inlet being adapted to direct a carbon dioxide-containing composition into the container; and
a carbon dioxide storage material positioned within the container, the carbon dioxide storage material comprising a metal-organic framework, the metal-organic framework having sufficient surface area to store at least 10 carbon dioxide molecules per formula unit of the metal-organic framework at a temperature of about 25\xb0 C., the metal-organic framework comprising at least one open metal site, an open metal site being a position adjacent to a metal in a metal cluster from which a ligand or other chemical moiety has been removed, rendering that metal cluster reactive for adsorption of a chemical species having available electron density for attachment to the metal cluster.
2. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 1 wherein the carbon dioxide storage material comprises a plurality of particles, the plurality of particles including the metal-organic framework.
3. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 2 wherein the plurality of particles are characterized by having an average spatial dimension from about 10 nanometers to 0.5 millimeter.
4. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 1 wherein the metal-organic framework comprises:
a plurality of metal clusters, each metal cluster comprising one or more metal ions; and
a plurality of charged multidentate linking ligands that connect adjacent metal clusters, wherein the metal-organic framework includes one or more sites for storing carbon dioxide by attachment of the carbon dioxide to the one or more sites.
5. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 1 further comprising an outlet for removing the stored carbon dioxide.
6. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 1 further comprising a heater andor a vacuum pump for removing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide storage system.
7. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the charged multidentate linking ligands include a sufficient number of aromatic rings that the storage system is capable of storing at least 20 carbon dioxide molecules per formula unit of the metal-organic framework.
8. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the charged multidentate linking ligands include a sufficient number of aromatic rings that the storage system is capable of storing at least 30 carbon dioxide molecules per formula unit of the metal-organic framework.
9. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the charged multidentate linking ligands include a sufficient number of aromatic rings that the storage system is capable of storing from 10 to 100 carbon dioxide molecules per formula unit of the metal-organic framework.
10. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the charged multidentate linking ligands include a sufficient number of aromatic rings that the storage system is capable of storing from 15 to 60 carbon dioxide molecules per formula unit of the metal-organic framework.
11. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the charged multidentate linking ligands include a sufficient number of aromatic rings that the storage system is capable of storing from 20 to 50 carbon dioxide molecules per formula unit of the metal-organic framework.
12. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the charged multidentate linking ligands include a sufficient number of aromatic rings that the metal-organic framework has a surface area of at least 2000 m2g.
13. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the charged multidentate linking ligands include a sufficient number of aromatic rings that the metal-organic framework has a surface area from about 2000 to 10000 m2g.
14. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein each metal cluster comprises 2 or more metal ions and each ligand of the plurality of multidentate ligand includes 2 or more carboxylates.
15. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the metal ion selected from the group consisting of Group 1 through 16 metals of the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements including actinides, and lanthanides, and combinations thereof.
16. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Sc3+, Y3+, Ti4+, Zr4+, Hf4+, V4+, V3+, V2+, Nb3+, Ta3+, Cr3+, Mo3+, W3+, Mn3+, Mn2+, Re3+, Re2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Ru3+, Ru2+, Os3+, Os2+, Co3+, Co2+, Rh2+, Rh+, Ir2+, Ir+, Ni2+, Ni+, Pd2+, Pd+, Pt2+, Pt+, Cu2+, Cu+, Ag+, Au+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Ga3+, In3+, Tl3+, Si4+, Si2+, Ge4+, Ge2+, Sn4+, Sn2+, Pb4+, Pb2+, As5+, As3+, As+, Sb5+, Sb3+, Sb+, Bi5+, Bi3+, Bi+, and combinations thereof.
17. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the metal cluster has formula MmXn, where M is metal ion, X is selected from the group consisting of Group 14 through Group 17 anion, m is an integer from 1 to 10, and n is a number selected to charge balance the metal cluster so that the metal cluster has a predetermined electric charge.
18. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 7 wherein the metal-organic framework further comprises a non-linking ligand.
19. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 1 wherein the metal-organic framework further comprising a guest species.
20. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein at least one multidentate linking ligand has 12 or more atoms that are incorporated in aromatic rings or non-aromatic rings.
21. The carbon dioxide storage system of claim 4 wherein the plurality of charged multidentate linking ligands comprise a ligand selected from the group consisting of ligands having formulae 1 through 21:
wherein X is hydrogen, \u2014NHR, \u2014N(R)2, halides, C1-10 alkyl, C6-18 aryl, or C6-18 aralky, \u2014NH2, alkenyl, alkynyl, \u2014Oalkyl, \u2014NH(aryl), cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, \u2014(CO)R, \u2014(SO2)R, \u2014(CO2)R \u2014SH, \u2014S(alkyl), \u2014SO3H, \u2014SO3\u2212M+, \u2014COOH, \u2014COO\u2212M+, \u2014PO3H2, \u2014PO3H\u2212M+, \u2014PO32\u2212M2+, or \u2014PO32\u2212M2+, \u2014NO2, \u2014CO2H, silyl derivatives; borane derivatives; and ferrocenes and other metallocenes; M is a metal atom, and R is C1-10 alkyl.
22. An automobile exhaust system comprising the carbon dioxide storage system of claim 1.
23. A power plant exhaust system comprising the carbon dioxide storage system of claim 1.