Author: claimsbot

1. A method for analyzing a nucleic acid, comprising:
(a) providing a first allele specific primer and a second allele specific primer, each of the first allele specific primer and the second allele specific primer comprising a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele-hybridizable sequence, and at least one of the first allele specific primer and the second allele specific primer comprises a nucleotide alteration;
(b) providing a nucleic acid comprising a 3\u2032 end and a SNP base located within 1-20 bases of the 3\u2032 end;
(c) hybridizing at least one of the first allele specific primer and the second allele specific primer to the nucleic acid to form a hybridized nucleic acid;
(d) amplifying the hybridized nucleic acid using pyrophosphorolysis activated polymerization PCR to produce amplicons;
(e) generating a melting curve by melting the amplicons; and
(f) analyzing the nucleic acid based on the melting curve.
2. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising determining a melting temperature of the amplicons and genotyping the nucleic acid based on the melting temperature.
3. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising determining a slope of the melting curve and genotyping the nucleic acid based on the slope.
4. A method as recited in claim 3, further comprising determining a melting temperature of the amplicons, wherein the genotyping is also based on the melting temperature.
5. A method as recited in claim 1, further comprising determining a shape of the melting curve and genotyping the nucleic acid based on the shape.
6. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the amplifying is performed using a pyrophosphorolysis activated polymerization PCR enzyme.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first allele specific primer and the second allele specific primer comprises a tail comprising one or more nucleotides.
8. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the nucleotide alteration comprises a tail comprising the sequence GC on at least one of the first allele specific primer and the second allele specific primer.
9. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the nucleotide alteration comprises a tail comprising the sequence AT on at least one of the first allele specific primer and the second allele specific primer.
10. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the amplifying comprises using a PCR thermocycler.
11. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid is double-stranded and comprises up to 60 base pairs.
12. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid is double-stranded and comprises up to 1000 base pairs.
13. A kit for high resolution melt genotyping, the kit comprising:
(a) a locus specific primer;
(b) one or more allele specific primers each comprising at least one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele-hybridizable sequence, wherein at least one of the one or more allele specific primers comprises a nucleotide alteration; and
(c) a pyrophosphorolysis activated polymerization polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enzyme.
14. The kit of claim 13, wherein the one or more allele specific primers comprises two different allele specific primers.
15. A reaction mixture for high resolution melt genotyping, comprising:
(a) a locus specific primer;
(b) one or more allele specific primers each comprising at least one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele-hybridizable sequence, wherein at least one of the one or more allele specific primers comprises a nucleotide alteration; and
(c) a pyrophosphorolysis activated polymerization polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enzyme.
16. The reaction mixture as recited in claim 15, further comprising a nucleic acid comprising a 3\u2032 end and a single nucleotide polymorphism base located within 1 to 20 bases of the 3\u2032 end.
17. The reaction mixture of claim 15, wherein the one or more allele specific primers comprises two different allele specific primers.
18-25. (canceled)

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for encoding video data, the method comprising:
classifying each macroblock of at least one original reference picture; and
selecting, based on the classification, at least one quantization parameter for each macroblock of the at least one original reference picture.
2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising encoding a plurality of pictures in parallel.
3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the classification is based on the content of the macroblock.
4. A system for encoding video data, the system comprising:
an engine for classifying each macroblock of at least one original reference picture; and
a quantizer for quantizing the macroblock with a quantization parameter, wherein the quantization parameters is determined at least in part based on the classification of each macroblock.
5. The system according to claim 4 further comprising the at least one encoder for encoding a plurality of pictures in parallel.
6. The system according to claim 4 wherein the classification is based on the content of the macroblock.
7. A machine-readable storage having stored thereon, a computer program having at least one code section encoding video data, the at least one code section being executable by a machine for causing the machine to perform steps comprising:
classifying each macroblock of at least one original reference picture; and
selecting, based on the classification, a quantization parameter for each macroblock of the at least one original reference picture.
8. The machine-readable storage according to claim 9 further comprising code for encoding a plurality of pictures in parallel.
9. The machine-readable storage according to claim 9 wherein the classification is based on the content of the macroblock.

1. A La-Mzeolite catalyst composition comprising of from 0.0001 to 20 mass % of La (lanthanum); from 0.0001 to 20 mass % of at least one element M selected from the group comprising molybdenum (Mo), cerium (Ce) and caesium (Cs); a zeolite of the 10-ring structure type; and optionally a binder (mass % based on total catalyst composition).
2. The catalyst composition according to claim 1, wherein the zeolite is a crystalline aluminosilicate.
3. The catalyst composition according to claim 2, wherein the aluminosilicate is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-23, ZSM-48 and ZSM-57.
4. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 containing 0.01-10 mass % of La.
5. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 containing 0.01-10 mass % of at least one element M selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ce or Cs.
6. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 containing at least two elements selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ce, and Cs.
7. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 further containing copper (Cu) andor Zinc (Zn).
8. A process for converting a feed stream comprising oxygenated C1-C10 aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds to a product stream comprising aromatic hydrocarbons, which process comprises a step of contacting said feed with a La-Mzeolite catalyst composition comprising from 0.0001 to 20 mass % of La (lanthanum); from 0.0001 to 20 mass % of at least one element M selected from the group consisting of molybdenum (Mo), cerium (Ce) and caesium (Cs); a zeolite of the 10-ring structure type; and optionally a binder (mass % based on total catalyst composition).
9. The process according to claim 8, wherein the feed stream comprises C1-C4 alcohols andor their derivatives.
10. The process according to claim 8, wherein the feed stream comprises methanol andor its derivatives.
11. The process according to claim 8, wherein the feed stream further comprises C1-C5 hydrocarbons.
12. The process according to claim 8, wherein temperature is from 250 to 750\xb0 C., pressure is from atmospheric to 3 MPa, and WHSV is from 0.1 to 500 h\u22121.
13. A La-Mzeolite catalyst composition consisting essentially of from 0.0001 to 20 mass % of La (lanthanum); from 0.0001 to 20 mass % of at least one element M selected from the group consisting of molybdenum (Mo), cerium (Ce) and caesium (Cs); a zeolite of the 10-ring structure type; and optionally a binder (mass % based on total catalyst composition).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A robotic medical system for use with a guide wire and an intravascular catheter that delivers fluid within an anatomical vessel, comprising:
a user interface accessible by a user and configured for receiving at least one command from the user, a form of the user interface comprising a shape other than a shape that resembles the guide wire and the catheter;
an electromechanical driver operably coupled to the guide wire and the catheter;
an electronic fluid delivery controller comprising a first valve and a second valve;
an electronic controller coupled between the user interface and the electromechanical driver and between the user interface and the fluid delivery controller, the same user interface being operable to control the electromechanical driver and the fluid delivery controller with the at least one command from the user;
a fluid feed line;
a first supply of a first fluid, the first supply being in fluid communication with the fluid feed line through the first valve;
a second supply of a second fluid, the first and second fluids being different fluids, the second supply being in fluid communication with the fluid feed line through the second valve;
a manifold, a fluid inlet port of the manifold fluidly interfacing with a fluid outlet of the fluid feed line, the catheter fluidly interfacing with the fluid outlet of the fluid feed line through the manifold; and
the user interface being configured to receive respective commands to control selective delivery of the first and second fluids to the catheter and to control mechanical movements of the catheter and the guidewire, the electronic controller being configured for directing the electromechanical driver to mechanically move the catheter and the guide wire with at least two degrees-of-freedom and for directing the fluid delivery controller to selectively deliver the first and second fluids through the fluid feed line to the catheter by controlling the first and second valves in response to the at least one command.
2. The robotic medical system of claim 1, further comprising the catheter.
3. The robotic medical system of claim 1, wherein the user interface includes at least one of a dial, a joystick, a wheel, and a mouse.
4. The robotic medical system of claim 1, wherein the user interface is located remotely from the electromechanical driver.
5. The robotic medical system of claim 1, wherein the electronic controller is coupled to the electromechanical driver and the fluid controller via external cabling.
6. The robotic medical system of claim 1, wherein the electromechanical driver includes a catheter control configured for mechanically interfacing with the catheter, and a motor array configured for manipulating the catheter control.
7. The robotic medical system of claim 1, wherein the first fluid comprises a contrast agent and the second fluid comprises a drug.
8. The robotic medical system of claim 1, wherein the at least two degrees-of-freedom comprises linear translation and axial rotation.
9. The robotic medical system of claim 1, wherein the catheter and the guidewire are in a coaxial arrangement, and the electronic controller is configured for directing the electromechanical driver to linearly translate and rotate the catheter and the guidewire relative to each other in response to the at least one command.
10. A robotic medical system for use with a guidewire and an intravascular catheter that delivers fluid within an anatomical vessel and a guidewire, comprising:
a manifold that fluidly interfaces with the catheter, the manifold having a first port configured for receiving the guidewire in a coaxial arrangement with the catheter and a gasket through which the guidewire extends and through which the guidewire can move while maintaining a fluid tight seal, the manifold having at least one fluid inlet port;
a first supply of a first fluid;
a second supply of a second fluid;
a fluid feed line, the catheter fluidly interfacing with the fluid feed line through the at least one fluid inlet port of the manifold;
an electronic fluid delivery controller comprising a first valve and a second valve, the first supply being in fluid communication with the fluid feed line through the first valve, and the second supply being in fluid communication with the fluid feed line through the second valve;
a user interface accessible by a user and configured for receiving at least one command from the user, a form of the user interface comprising a shape other than a shape that resembles the guide wire and the catheter;
an electromechanical driver operably coupled to the guide wire and the catheter; and
an electronic controller coupled between the user interface and the electromechanical driver and between the user interface and the fluid delivery controller, the same user interface being operable to control the electromechanical driver and the fluid delivery controller with the at least one command from the user,
the user interface being configured to receive respective commands to control selective delivery of the first and second fluids to the catheter and to control mechanical movements of the catheter and the guidewire, the electronic controller being configured for directing the electromechanical driver to mechanically move the guide wire and the catheter with at least one degree-of-freedom and for directing the fluid delivery controller to selectively deliver fluid from the first and second fluid supplies and into the at least one fluid inlet port of the manifold by controlling the first and second valves in response to the at least one command.
11. The robotic medical system of claim 10, further comprising the catheter and the guidewire.
12. The robotic medical system of claim 10, wherein the user interface includes at least one of a dial, a joystick, a wheel, and a mouse.
13. The robotic medical system of claim 10, wherein the user interface is located remotely from the electromechanical driver and the fluid controller.
14. The robotic medical system of claim 10, wherein the electronic controller is coupled to the electromechanical driver and the fluid controller via external cabling.
15. The robotic medical system of claim 10, wherein the electromechanical driver includes a catheter control configured for mechanically interfacing with the catheter, and a motor array configured for manipulating the catheter control.
16. The robotic medical system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and second fluids is a contrast agent.
17. The robotic medical system of claim 10, wherein at least one of the first and second fluids is a drug.
18. The robotic medical system of claim 10, wherein the at least one degree-of-freedom comprises at least one of a linear translation and an axial rotation.
19. The robotic medical system of claim 10, wherein the electromechanical driver is operably coupled to the guidewire, and wherein the electronic controller is configured for directing the electromechanical driver to linearly translate the catheter and the guidewire relative to each other in response to the at least one command.
20. The robotic medical system of claim 19, wherein the electromechanical driver includes a catheter control configured for mechanically interfacing with the catheter, a guidewire control configured for mechanically interfacing with the guidewire, and a motor array configured for manipulating the catheter and guidewire controls.
21. The robotic medical system of claim 9, further comprising the guidewire.
22. A robotic medical system for use with a coaxial arrangement of a guidewire and an intravascular catheter that delivers fluid within an anatomical vessel, the system comprising:
a user interface configured for receiving at least one command from a user;
a first drive mechanism configured for receiving the catheter, the first drive mechanism comprising a first gripping mechanism in which the catheter is secured;
a second drive mechanism configured for receiving the guidewire, the second drive mechanism comprising a second gripping mechanism in which the guidewire is secured;
a linear drive arrangement mechanically coupled to the first and second drive mechanisms, the linear drive arrangement comprising a drive screw drive arrangement or a rack and pinion drive arrangement;
a motor array;
an electronic fluid delivery controller fluidly coupled to the catheter; and
an electronic controller coupled between the user interface and the motor array and between the user interface and the fluid delivery controller, the same user interface being operable to control the motor array and the fluid delivery controller with the at least one command from the user,
the electronic controller being configured to direct the motor array to cause the first drive mechanism to axially rotate the catheter and to controllably bend the catheter, to cause the second drive mechanism to axially rotate the guidewire, to cause the linear drive mechanism to linearly translate the first and second drive mechanisms relative to each other, and to direct the fluid delivery controller to deliver fluid to the catheter in response to the at least one command received from the user at the user interface.
23. The robotic medical system of claim 22, wherein the user interface includes at least one of a dial, a joystick, a wheel, and a mouse located remotely relative to the motor array.
24. The robotic medical system of claim 22, further comprising a single housing containing the motor array and linear drive arrangement, wherein the first and second drive mechanisms are mounted to the single housing.
25. The robotic medical system of claim 24, wherein the first and second drive mechanisms are mounted to an external side of the single housing.
26. The robotic medical system of claim 22, wherein the motor array has a first pulley and a second pulley, the robotic medical system further comprising a first belt wrapped around the first gripping mechanism and the first pulley, and a second belt wrapped around the second gripping mechanism and the second pulley.
27. A robotic medical system for use with a coaxial arrangement of a guidewire and an intravascular catheter that delivers fluid within an anatomical vessel, the system comprising:
a touch screen user interface configured for receiving at least one command from a user;
a first drive mechanism configured for receiving the catheter;
a second drive mechanism configured for receiving the guidewire;
a linear drive arrangement mechanically coupled to the first and second drive mechanisms;
a motor array;
an electronic fluid delivery controller fluidly coupled to the catheter; and
an electronic controller coupled between the touch screen interface and the motor array and between the touch screen interface and the fluid delivery controller, the same touch screen interface being operable to control the motor array and the fluid delivery controller with the at least one command from the user;
the electronic controller being configured to direct the motor array to cause the first drive mechanism to axially rotate the catheter and to controllably bend the catheter, to cause the second drive mechanism to axially rotate the guidewire, to cause the linear drive mechanism to linearly translate the first and second drive mechanisms relative to each other, and to direct the fluid delivery controller to deliver fluid to the catheter in response to the at least one command received from the user at the user interface.
28. The robotic medical system of claim 22, wherein the user interface manipulated by the user to control axial rotation and linear translation of the catheter and the user interface has a shape and size that differs from the shape and size of the catheter and the guidewire.
29. The robotic medical system of claim 22, the user interface comprising a non-telescoping user interface.
30. A robotic medical system for use with a coaxial arrangement of a guidewire and an intravascular catheter that delivers fluid within an anatomical vessel, the system comprising:
a fluid feed line;
a first supply of a first fluid;
a second supply of a second fluid different than the first fluid;
a manifold, a fluid inlet port of the manifold fluidly interfacing with a fluid outlet of the fluid feed line, the catheter fluidly interfacing with the fluid outlet of the fluid feed line through the manifold,
a user interface configured for receiving at least one command from a user;
a first drive mechanism configured for receiving the catheter;
a second drive mechanism configured for receiving the guidewire;
a linear drive arrangement mechanically coupled to the first and second drive mechanisms;
a motor array;
an electronic fluid delivery controller fluidly coupled to the catheter, the fluid delivery controller comprising a first valve and a second valve, the first supply being in fluid communication with the fluid feed line through the first valve, and the second supply being in fluid communication with the fluid feed line through the second valve; and
an electronic controller coupled between the user interface and the motor array and between the user interface and the fluid delivery controller, the same user interface being operable to control the motor array and the fluid delivery controller with the at least one command from the user,
the electronic controller being configured to direct the motor array to cause the first drive mechanism to axially rotate the catheter and to controllably bend the catheter, to cause the second drive mechanism to axially rotate the guidewire, to cause the linear drive mechanism to linearly translate the first and second drive mechanisms relative to each other, and to direct the fluid delivery controller to deliver fluid to the catheter in response to the at least one command received from the user at the user interface wherein the electronic controller is further configured to direct the fluid delivery controller to selectively deliver the first and second fluids through the fluid feed line and the manifold to the catheter by controlling the first and second valves in response to the at least one command.
31. A robotic medical system for use with an intravascular catheter that delivers fluid within an anatomical vessel, comprising:
a fluid feed line;
a first supply of a first fluid;
a second supply of a second fluid different than the first fluid;
a manifold, a fluid inlet port of the manifold fluidly interfacing with a fluid outlet of the fluid feed line, the catheter fluidly interfacing with the fluid outlet of the fluid feed line through the manifold;
a user interface configured for receiving at least one command from a user;
a drive mechanism including a plurality of motors and a connector configured for laterally receiving the catheter;
an electronic fluid delivery controller fluidly coupled to the catheter, the fluid delivery controller comprising a first valve and a second valve, the first supply being in fluid communication with the fluid feed line through the first valve, the second supply being in fluid communication with the fluid feed line through the second valve;
an electronic controller coupled between the user interface and the drive mechanism and between the user interface and the fluid delivery controller, the same user interface being operable to control the drive mechanism and the fluid delivery controller,
the electronic controller being configured to direct a first motor of the plurality of motors to cause the drive mechanism to rotate andor translate the catheter seated in the connector, to direct a second motor of the plurality of motors to cause controllable bending of the catheter seated in the connector, and to direct the fluid delivery controller to selectively delivery different fluids from respective fluid sources, through a fluid feed line in communication with the fluid source, and to the catheter in response to the at least one command received from the user at the user interface and further configured to direct the fluid delivery controller to selectively deliver the first and second fluids through the fluid feed line to the catheter by controlling the first and second valves in response to the at least one command.
32. The robotic medical system of claim 27, further comprising a single housing containing the motor array and linear drive arrangement, wherein the first and second drive mechanisms are mounted to the single housing.
33. The robotic medical system of claim 27, wherein the first and second drive mechanisms are mounted to an external side of the single housing.
34. The robotic medical system of claim 27, wherein the motor array has a first pulley and a second pulley, the first drive mechanism comprises a first gripping mechanism in which the catheter is secured, and the second drive mechanism comprises a second gripping mechanism in which the guidewire is secure, the robotic medical system further comprising a first belt wrapped around the first gripping mechanism and the first pulley, and a second belt wrapped around the second gripping mechanism and the second pulley.
35. The robotic medical system of claim 27, wherein the linear drive arrangement is a beltpulley drive arrangement.