Author: claimsbot

1. An error correction code generation method, comprising:
storing data of a cache line on which a store data accompany with a store instruction is to be written to a register prior to writing the store data in a cache memory;
detecting an error of the data of the cache line to be written in the cache memory;
writing the store data that is confirmed to have no errors in the cache memory;
merging the data stored in the register with the store data in the cache memory accompany with the store instruction; and
generating an error correction code for a result of the merging.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the merging merges the store data in the register with the store data accompany with the store instruction when a store instruction subsequent to the store instruction is a instruction for storing data on said cache line, the result of the merger corresponding to the store instruction is merged with the store data accompany with the subsequent store instruction, and
the generating generates an error correction code corresponding to the subsequent store instruction by using the result of the merging.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cache memory is configured by random access memory.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cache memory is configured by random access memory.
5. A cache memory control device, comprising:
a buffer that stores data in accordance with a store instruction;
a register that stores data of a cache line on which a data is to be written in accordance with store instruction, prior to writing the store data in a cache memory;
a detection unit that detects an error of the data of the cache line to be written in the cache memory;
a merge circuit that merges the data stored in the register with the data stored in the cache memory accompany with the store instruction; and
an error correction code generation circuit that generates an error correction code for a result of the merger, wherein the store data which is confirmed to have no errors is written in the cache memory.
6. The device according to claim 5, wherein
the merge circuit merges the stored data in the register with the store data accompany with the store instruction in response to a preceding store instruction in continuous store instructions to write data on a same cache line, and
the merge circuit merges the data merged accompany with the preceding store instruction with store data accompany with a subsequent store instruction.
7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the cache memory is configured by random access memory.
8. The device according to claim 5, wherein the cache memory is configured by random access memory.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A rebound-effector for inducing periodic, back and forth oscillated, without external reaction, forces andor moments, comprising:
a weight accelerated back and forth, wherein in one period time there are four phases of operation, as follows:
during phase 1 the weight is accelerated to the \u201cleft\u201d while moving to the \u201cleft\u201d;
during phase 2 the weight is accelerated to the \u201cright\u201d while moving to the \u201cleft\u201d;
during phase 3 the weight is accelerated to the \u201cright\u201d while moving to the \u201cright\u201d; and
during phase 4 the weight is accelerated to the \u201cleft\u201d while moving to the \u201cright\u201d;

a driving source for accelerating the weight to the \u201cleft\u201d, and a driving source for accelerating the weight to the \u201cright\u201d,
wherein, during one period time, at least one driving source is disconnected from, or does not apply on, or does not accelerate the weight for two phases, and
wherein, during one period time, each of the driving sources is constantly connected to, or applies on, or accelerates the weight, for at least two phases; and
a system to take care of introducing, and disconnecting, of at least one driving source to and from the weight;
the rebound-effector being adapted to further store and reuse energy as follows:
the invested kinetic energy of the weight, during phase 1, is at least partly recovered, and stored during phase 2; and
the invested kinetic energy of the weight, during phase 3, is at least partly recovered, and stored during phase 4.
2. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an emergency stop to receive the kinetic energy of the weight, in case of malfunction, and an immediate, controlled stop, during an excising phase.
3. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 1, wherein adding, or inserting, or increasing energy to the rebound-effector is done by one or more of the following:
using longer time, or longer distance, for the weight acceleration during phase 1, andor phase 3 than is needed for a period without energy adding;
increasing the driving force on the weight during phase 1 andor phase 3 than is needed for a period without energy adding; and
decreasing the driving force on the weight during phase 2 andor 4 than is needed for a period without energy adding.
4. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the weight comprises one or more parts.
5. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the induced forces are symmetric.
6. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 5, wherein the force to the \u201cleft\u201d has the same shape, and magnitude, as the force to the \u201cright\u201d, but to the opposite direction.
7. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the induced forces are asymmetric.
8. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 7, wherein a control system of the rebound-effector changes from a stronger induced force to the \u201cleft\u201d than to the induced force to the \u201cright\u201d, to a stronger induced force to the \u201cright\u201d than to the induced force to the \u201cleft\u201d, and vice versa.
9. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 7, wherein the force to the \u201cleft\u201d has different shape, andor magnitude, than the force to the \u201cright\u201d.
10. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the induced force to the \u201cleft\u201d is stronger than the induced force to the \u201cright\u201d.
11. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the induced forces have rectangular shapes as been seen by a force versus time chart.
12. The rebound-effector claimed in claim 11, wherein the induced forces have asymmetric shapes.
13. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 12, wherein a control system of the rebound-effector changes from a stronger induced force to the \u201cleft\u201d than to the induced force to the \u201cright\u201d, to a stronger induced force to the \u201cright\u201d than to the induced force to the \u201cleft\u201d, and vice versa.
14. The rebound-effector claimed in claim 12, wherein the force to the \u201cright\u201d is stronger than the force to the \u201cleft\u201d.
15. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the weight comprises external parts.
16. The rebound-effector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the weight comprises one or more liquids, solids, and powders inside the weight.
17. A rebound-effector for inducing periodic, back and forth oscillating forces andor moments, without external reaction, comprising:
a weight;
a driving source for applying driving force to the weight, the driving source having a first driving source output and a second driving source output;
a driving source coupling system for introducing, and disconnecting, at least one driving source output to and from the weight; and
an energy storage and recovery system;
wherein the weight is capable of being accelerated back and forth, wherein in one period of time there are four successive phases of operation, as follows:
a first phase during which the weight is accelerated while moving in a first direction;
a second phase during which the weight is decelerated while moving in the first direction;
a third phase during which the weight is accelerated while moving in a second direction; and
a fourth phase during which the weight is decelerated while moving in the second direction;

wherein the first driving source output for applying driving force to the weight in the first direction, and the second driving source output for applying driving force to the weight in the second direction;
wherein, during one period of time, at least one driving source output is disconnected from, or does not apply, driving force to the weight for two phases
wherein, during one period of time, each of the driving source outputs is constantly connected to, or applies, driving force to the weight, for at least two phases;
wherein the driving source coupling system:
during the first phase, constantly connects the first driving source output to the weight;
during the second phase, constantly connects the second driving source output to the weight;
during the third phase, constantly connects the second driving source output to the weight; and
during the fourth phase, constantly connects the first driving source output to the weight; and

wherein the energy storage and recovery system:
at least partly recovering kinetic energy of the weight invested during the first phase and storing it during the second phase; and
at least partly recovering kinetic energy of the weight invested during the third phase and storing it during the fourth phase.
18. The rebound-effector claimed in claim 17, which is adapted to be driven by one or more of the following:
hydraulic fluid pressure;
electric current;
pneumatic pressure; and
a spring.
19. A rebound-effector for inducing periodic, back and forth oscillating forces andor moments, without external reaction, which rebound-effector comprises:
a weight which is intended to be accelerated back and forth, in a linear andor angular way, wherein in one period time there are four successive phases of operation, as follows:
a first phase during which the weight is accelerated while moving in a first direction;
a second phase during which the weight is decelerated while moving in the first direction;
a third phase during which the weight is accelerated while moving in a second direction opposite to the first direction; and
a fourth phase during which the weight is decelerated while moving in the second direction;

driving source means having a first driving source output for applying driving force to the weight in the first direction, and a second driving source output for applying driving force to the weight in the second direction, wherein, during one period time, at least one driving source output is disconnected from, or does not apply driving force to the weight for two phases, and wherein, during one period, each of the driving source outputs is constantly connected to, or applies driving force to the weight, for at least two phases;
a driving source coupling system for introducing, and disconnecting, of at least one driving source output to and from the weight, wherein this driving source coupling system comprises coupling means for:
during the first phase, constantly connecting the first driving source output to the weight;
during the second phase, constantly connecting the second driving source output to the weight;
during the third phase, constantly connecting the second driving source output to the weight; and
during the fourth phase, constantly connecting the first driving source output to the weight;

the rebound-effector further comprising energy storage means and energy recovery means which comprise:
first energy transporting means for, during the second phase of a first period, at least partly recovering the kinetic energy of the weight invested from the first driving source output in the weight during the first phase of the first period, and transporting the recovered energy to the energy storage means, and during the third phase of the first period at least partly using the energy from the energy storage means and convert to kinetic energy of the weight by the second driving source output; and
second energy transporting means for, during the fourth phase of the first period, at least partly, recovering the kinetic energy of the weight invested from the second driving source output in the weight during the third phase of the first period, and transporting the recovered energy to the energy storage means, and during the first phase of the subsequent period following the first period at least partly using the energy from the energy storage means and convert to kinetic energy of the weight by the first driving source output.

What is claimed is:

1. A soft Cr-containing steel having a composition, on a % by mass basis, comprising:
C: from about 0.001% to about 0.020%;
Si: more than about 0.10% and less than about 0.50%;
Mn: less than about 2.00%;
P: less than about 0.060%;
S: less than about 0.008%;
Cr: from about 12.0% or more to about 16.0%;
Ni: from about 0.05% to about 1.00%;
N: less than about 0.020%;
Nb: from about 10(CN) to about 1.00%;
Mo: more than about 0.80% and less than about 3.00%; and
Fe and incidental impurities,
wherein the contents of alloying elements, silicon and molybdenum, represented by Si and Mo, respectively, on a % by mass basis, satisfy the following formula (1):
Si1.2-0.4Mo.(1)
2. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 1, wherein the content of Mo is more than about 1.50% and less than about 3.00% by mass in the composition.
3. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 1, further comprising, on a % by mass basis, at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu: from about 0.05% to about 1.00%, Ti: from about 0.02% to about 0.50%, V: from about 0.05% to about 0.50%, and B: from about 0.0005% to about 0.0100%.
4. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 2, further comprising, on a % by mass basis, at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu: from about 0.05% to about 1.00%, Ti: from about 0.02% to about 0.50%, V: from about 0.05% to about 0.50%, and B: from about 0.0005% to about 0.0100%.
5. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 1, further comprising W: from about 0.50% to about 5.00% by mass.
6. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 2, further comprising W: from about 0.50% to about 5.00% by mass.
7. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 3, further comprising W: from about 0.50% to about 5.00% by mass.
8. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 1, further comprising Al: from about 0.02% to about 0.50% by mass.
9. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 2, further comprising Al: from about 0.02% to about 0.50% by mass.
10. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 3, further comprising Al: from about 0.02% to about 0.50% by mass.
11. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 4, further comprising Al: from about 0.02% to about 0.50% by mass.
12. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 1, further comprising, on a % by mass basis, at least one element selected from the group consisting of REM: from about 0.03% to about 0.10% and Zr: from about 0.05% to about 0.50%.
13. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 2, further comprising, on a % by mass basis, at least one element selected from the group consisting of REM: from about 0.03% to about 0.10% and Zr: from about 0.05% to about 0.50%.
14. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 3, further comprising, on a % by mass basis, at least one element selected from the group consisting of REM: from about 0.03% to about 0.10% and Zr: from about 0.05% to about 0.50%.
15. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 4, further comprising, on a % by mass basis, at least one element selected from the group consisting of REM: from about 0.03% to about 0.10% and Zr: from about 0.05% to about 0.50%.
16. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 5, further comprising, on a % by mass basis, at least one element selected from the group consisting of REM: from about 0.03% to about 0.10% and Zr: from about 0.05% to about 0.50%.
17. The soft Cr-containing steel according to claim 1, wherein regarding the state of Mo in the steel, a ratio of (112) diffraction intensity of the Laves phase, (Fe,Cr)2(Mo,Nb), to (111) diffraction intensity of Nb carbonitride, Nb(C,N), A valueI(Fe,Cr)2(Mo,Nb)(112)INb(C,N)(111), is less than 0.4 based on X-ray diffraction of extraction residues of precipitates in the steel.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for protecting files on a storage system, comprising:
assigning at least one read key to a file in response to a creation of said file;
assigning at least one write key to said file;
encrypting said file with said at least one write key; and
restricting access to said encrypted file by distributing said at least one read key to a first plurality of users for read-only access to said encrypted file and distributing said at least one write key to a second plurality of users for read and write access to said encrypted file.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising
discarding said at least one write key in response to a concern of security;
encrypting said at least one read key with a long-term key; and
storing said encrypted file and encrypted at least one read key.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said storage of said encrypted file and encrypted at least one read key is in a central location.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein said storage of said encrypted file and encrypted at least one read key is in a local location.
5. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
requesting access to encrypted file;
accessing a complementary long-term key to said long-term key;
decrypting said encrypted at least one read key with said complementary long-term key; and
providing read-only access to said file after decryption.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the at least one read key being a first read key and the at least one write key being a first write key, the first read key and the first write key forming a first read-write key pair, and the method further comprising:
generating a second read-write key pair for an un-encrypted fragment of said file;
encrypting said modified un-encrypted said file with a write key of said second read-write key pair;
encrypting a read key of said at least one read-write key pair; and
storing said encrypted modified file and said encrypted read key of said at least one read-write key pair.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said file is a file fragment of a plurality of file fragments.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said at least one read key being a plurality of read keys, each of said plurality of read keys being assigned a corresponding file fragment of said plurality of file fragments.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein said at least one write key being a plurality of write keys, each of said plurality of write keys being assigned a corresponding file fragment of said plurality of file fragments.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein said at least one read key being a first read key and said at least one write key being a first write key, the first read key and the first write key forming an asymmetric key pair.
11. A method for ensuring data privacy, comprising:
dividing a file into a plurality of fragments;
generating a set of read-write keys, a write key for read and write access and a read key for read-only access, for each fragment of said plurality of fragments;
encrypting each fragment of plurality of fragments with a respective write key of said set of read-write keys; and
restricting access to said plurality of file fragments by distributing a plurality of read keys from said plurality of read-write keys to a first plurality of users for read-only access for each fragment of said plurality of fragments and distributing a plurality of said write keys of said plurality of read-write keys to a second plurality of users for read and write access for each fragment of said plurality of fragments.
12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
requesting access to one encrypted fragment of said plurality of encrypted fragments of said file, the one encrypted fragment having associated a read key and a write key from the set of read-write keys, the read key and the write key forming a first read-write key pair, with the read key being encrypted;
accessing a complementary long-term key to a long-term key;
decrypting said encrypted read key with said complementary long-term key; and
providing read-only access to an un-encrypted fragment of said file.
13. The method according to claim 12, further comprising:
generating a second read-write key pair for said un-encrypted fragment of said file;
encrypting said un-encrypted fragment of said file with a write key of said second read-write key pair,
encrypting a read key of said second read-write key pair; and
storing said encrypted modified file and said encrypted read key of said second read-write key pair.
14. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
discarding said plurality of write keys of said plurality of read-write keys in response to a concern of security;
encrypting said plurality of read keys of said plurality of read-write keys with a long-term key; and
storing said encrypted plurality of fragments and encrypted plurality of read keys.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein said storage of said encrypted plurality of fragments and encrypted plurality of read keys is in a central location.
16. The method according to claim 14, wherein said storage of said encrypted plurality of fragments and encrypted plurality of read keys is in a local location.
17. A method of increasing security and efficiency in a distributed file system, said method comprising:
specifying a fragment size;
fragmenting a file according to said fragment size into at least one fragment in response to a creation of a file;
encrypting said at least one fragment with a write key, for read and write access of said file, of an asymmetric readwrite key pair;
encrypting a read key, for read-only access of said file, of said asymmetric readwrite key pair with a long-term key;
distributing the read key to a first plurality of users for read-only access to said encrypted at least one fragment;
distributing the write key to a second plurality of users for read and write access to said encrypted at least one fragment; and
storing said encrypted at least one fragment and said encrypted read key.
18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:
receiving a request for access to said encrypted at least one fragment;
authorizing said request; and
providing a complementary long-term key to said long-term key to decrypt said encrypted read key.
19. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:
requesting access to said encrypted at least one fragment;
decrypting said encrypted read key with a complementary long-term key to said long-term key; and
re-encrypting said read key with said long-term key of a user.
20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
decrypting said re-encrypted read key with said complementary long-term key to said long-term key of said user, and
decrypting said encrypted at least one fragment with said read key.
21. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:
receiving access to said encrypted at least one fragment;
decrypting said encrypted read key with a complementary long-term key to said long-term key;
decrypting said encrypted at least one fragment with said read key; and
providing read-only access to said at least one fragment.
22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising:
generating another asymmetric read-write key pair;
encrypting modified said at least one fragment with a write key of said another asymmetric read-write key pair; and
encrypting said read key of said another asymmetric road-write key pair with said long-term key.
23. A system for ensuring data privacy, comprising:
a file system;
a user station; and
a security module configured to be executable in said user station, wherein said security module is configured to assign a read key to a file in response to a creation of said file, is also configured to assign a write key, the read key for read-only access and the write key for read and write access comprising an asymmetric read-write key pair, to said file, is further configured to encrypt said file with said write key, and is yet further configured to restricting access to said encrypted file by distributing said read key to a first plurality of users and distributing said write key to a second plurality of users.
24. The system according to claim 23, wherein said security module comprises:
a key generation module to generate said asymmetric read-write key pair;
an encryptiondecryption module configured to encrypt said read key with a long-term key; and
an authentication module configured to grant access to an encrypted fragment stored on said file system.
25. The system according to claim 23, wherein said file system comprises:
a file controller module configured to provide access to an encrypted fragment;
at least one disk drive configured to provide storage of said encrypted fragment; and
a fragmenter module configured to provide a fragment size to said security module.
26. The system according to claim 23, further comprising:
a network configured to provide a communication channel between said user station and said file system.
27. The system according to claim 23, further comprising:
a key distribution center configured to provide storage and distribution of a complementary long-term key to a long-term key.