Author: claimsbot

1. A system for controlling the transfer of energy between an electric load location and an electric grid, comprising:
a power monitor that is in electric communication with an electric line that is coupled to an electric meter of an electric load location, wherein the electric meter is configured to measure energy transferred to the electric load location through the electric line;
an optimization engine configured to receive one or more external inputs and create a set of operating parameters based on the one or more external inputs; and
a system controller that is configured to receive the created operating parameters and use the operating parameters to control an amount of energy flowing through the electric line below a threshold value.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of operating parameters are derived from simulations of energy use at the electric load location, and the simulations are performed by the optimization engine.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system controller comprises a set-point controller configured to vary the threshold value.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more external inputs are selected from a group consisting of weather information, sunrise and sunset information, power usage cost information, utility’s billing period, geographic location, local solar production, local incident light, customer type, electric load location building specifications, grid operator data and time data.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system controller is configured to communicate with the optimization engine, and is configured to transmit information used to adjust a variation in time of energy delivered through the electric line to the optimization engine to improve subsequently created operating parameters.
6. A system for controlling energy transferred between an electric grid and an electric load location, comprising:
an optimization engine configured to receive one or more external inputs and create one or more operating control curves based on the one or more external inputs; and
a distributed energy storage device comprising a system controller and a power monitor that is configured to monitor an electric line that is coupled to an electric meter, wherein the system controller is configured to
receive the one or more operating control curves,
compare the one or more operating control curves to information received from the power monitor and energy storage device, and
control a transfer of energy from or to the electric line from an energy storage device based on the comparison.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the one or more operating control curves comprise a battery state-of-charge curve that is used by the system controller to determine an amount of energy to transfer to the electric line based on a measured amount of charge in the energy storage device.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more operating control curves further comprise:
a discrete or continuous demand set-point curve that is used by the system controller to determine two or more demand set-points, wherein the discrete or continuous demand set-point curve has a first value for a first time period and a second value for a second time period, the first value being different than the second value.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein the system controller further comprises a computer readable medium that is configured to store instructions that cause a processor to perform a process comprising:
receiving a first set of operating parameters that are created based on one or more received external inputs; and
based on the first set of operating parameters, varying the energy transfer from the energy storage device to the electric line to cause the first rate of energy transfer to remain below a threshold value,
wherein the threshold value varies with time.
10. A system for controlling energy transferred between an electric grid and an electric load location, comprising:
an energy source;
a power monitor that is configured to monitor an electric line that is coupled to an electric meter of an electric load location, wherein the electric meter is used by a utility to determine power delivered to one or more electrical components disposed in the electric load location through the electric line;
a bi-directional power converter electrically coupled to the energy source and the electric line; and
a system controller that is configured to control a transfer of energy between the energy source and the electric line using the bi-directional power converter.
11. The system of claim 10, further comprising:
an optimization engine configured to receive one or more external inputs and create a set of operating parameters based on the one or more external inputs, and
the system controller is configured to receive the created operating parameters and use the operating parameters to control the transfer of energy between the energy source and the electric line using the bi-directional power converter.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the system controller is in communication with the optimization engine, and is configured to transmit information used to adjust the variation in time of power delivered through the electric line to the optimization engine to improve subsequently created operating parameters.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the system controller is further configured to create storage system results, and provide the storage system results to the optimization engine.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein the energy source comprises one or more batteries.
15. The system of claim 10, wherein the system controller comprises a set-point controller and a runtime controller.
16. A computer readable medium configured to store instructions executable by a processor of a host device, the instructions when executed by the processor causing the processor to:
generate control parameters based on a simulation that is performed using forecast information;
monitor a first rate of energy transfer from an electric line to an electric load location; and
control a second rate of energy transfer between the electric line and an energy storage device based on the control parameters, wherein controlling the second rate of energy transfer alters the first rate of energy transfer.
17. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein generating control parameters further comprises:
generating forecast information by creating a forecast for a first time period based on one or more received external inputs; and
cleansing the one or more received external inputs by adjusting the information received from a first external input so that a time scale associated with the information received from the first external input matches a time scale associated with information received from a second external input.
18. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the forecast is created based on received forecasted coefficient data and received historical coefficient data.
19. The computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein the external inputs are created from information selected from a group consisting of weather information, sunrise and sunset information, power usage cost information, utility’s billing period, geographic location, local solar production, local incident light, customer type, electric load location building specifications, grid operator data and time data.
20. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the control parameters comprise optimum demand set-points as a function of time and one or more battery curves that comprise a set of time-based battery state-of-charge curves.
21. The computer readable medium of claim 20, wherein the one or more battery state-of-charge curves comprise a flat battery curve, a continuously varying battery curve, a stepped battery curve, or a forecasted battery curve.
22. The computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein generating the control parameters comprises:
receiving electrical pricing information for the first time period; and
generating the control parameters based on the electrical power pricing information.
23. The computer readable medium of claim 22, wherein generating the control parameters comprises:
receiving electrical power tariff information for the first time period;
receiving energy storage device operation information, wherein the energy storage device operation information comprises at least one of the following:
state-of-charge information received from the energy storage device;
total charge capacity information received from the energy storage device;
charge discharge efficiency rating information received from the energy storage device; or
current energy capacity information received from the energy storage device; and

generating the control parameters based on a simulation that includes the electrical power tariff information.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

We claim:

1. A structure comprising a plurality of elastomeric sheets wherein:
(a) each of said elastomeric sheets is formed with a multitude of uniformly spaced holes each of which have a periphery that is symmetrical about its center; and
(b) said sheets are stacked upon each other in layers such that at least one passageway of continuous elastomeric material is formed through said structure from a first exterior surface to a second exterior surface parallel to said first exterior surface for dissipating compressive forces applied normal to said first and second exterior surfaces, wherein each of said passageways are located between two parallel lines that extend through the centers of holes of all of the different layers of said elastomeric sheets.
2. A structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said holes are circular and the diameter of said holes is equal to the distance between their centers and the centers of adjacent neighboring holes.
3. A structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least some of said holes are filled with a material of a different material than the elastomeric material of which said sheets are composed.
4. A structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein said holes are circular and the diameter of said holes is equal to the distance between their centers and the centers of adjacent neighboring holes.

1. A process for the manufacture of (E)-4-N,N-di-(C1-3)-alkylamino crotonic acid in HX salt form of formula I
wherein R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups and X\u2212 denotes an acid anion, comprising the following synthesis steps:
a) step 1:
wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups, OBut denotes a tert-butyloxy group, HX denotes an acid selected from HCl, HBr, MeSO3H, p-CH3C6H4SO3H (p-toluenesulfonic acid) and CF3CO2H, the base denotes a strong base, and solvent denotes water, a water miscible organic solvent, and the mixtures thereof, and
b) step 2:
wherein R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups, OBut denotes a tert-butyloxy group, HX denotes an acid, and solvent denotes a suitable solvent.
2. The process of claim 1 for the manufacture of (E)-4-N,N-dimethylamino crotonic acid in HX salt form wherein
R1 and R2 denote methyl groups,
R3 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups,
in step 1 HX denotes HCl, the base denotes NaOH, and the solvent denotes pure water or a mixture of water with MeOH or EtOH, and
in step 2 HX denotes HCl and the solvent denotes ethyl acetate.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein HX in both steps denotes HCl, and further comprising converting (E)-4-N,N-di-(C1-3)-alkylamino crotonic acid hydrochloride salt of compound I\u2032 according to
c) step 3:
wherein R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups, with a chlorinating agent selected from thionylchloride, POCl3, PCl.
4. The process according to claim 3, wherein R1 and R2 denote methyl groups, and the chlorinating agent is thionyl chloride.
5. A process for the manufacture of formula (III)
wherein X denotes a methine group substituted by a cyano group or a nitrogen atom,
Ra denotes a 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group, a 3-chloro-4-(pyridin-2-yl-methoxy)-phenyl group, or a 3-chloro-4-(3-fluoro-phenylmethoxy)-phenyl group,
Rc denotes a methoxy, ethoxy or tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-oxy group, and
R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups,
comprising:
a) step 1:
wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups, OBut denotes a tert-butyloxy group, and HX denotes an acid selected from HCl, HBr, MeSO3H, p-CH3C6H4SO3H and CF3CO2H, the base denotes a strong base, and solvent denotes water, a water miscible organic solvent, and the mixtures thereof,
b) step 2:
wherein R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups, OBut denotes a tert-butyloxy group, and solvent denotes selected from ethyl acetate, i-PrOAc, MTBE (methyl t-butyl ether), 2-MeTHF, MeCN, and dioxane,
c) step 3:
subsequent conversion of (E)-4-N,N-dialkylamino crotonic acid hydrochloride salt of compound I\u2032 into the activated derivative II
wherein R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups, with a chlorinating agent selected from thionylchloride, POCl3, PCl5, and
e) step 4:
wherein X denotes a methine group substituted by a cyano group or a nitrogen atom,
Ra denotes a 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group, a 3-chloro-4-(pyridin-2-yl-methoxy)-phenyl group, or a 3-chloro-4-(3-fluoro-phenylmethoxy)-phenyl group,
Rc denotes a methoxy, ethoxy or tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-oxy group, and
R1 and R2 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups.
6. The process of claim 5, wherein
wherein X denotes a nitrogen atom,
Ra denotes a 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group,
Rc denotes a tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-oxy group, and
R1 and R2 both denote methyl groups,
comprising the following synthesis steps:
a) step 1:
wherein R1 and R2 both denote methyl groups, R3 independently denote C1-3-alkyl groups, OBut denotes a tert-butyloxy group, HX denotes HCl, the base denotes an alkali hydroxide, and solvent denotes water, a water miscible organic solvent,
b) step 2:
wherein R1 and R2 both denote methyl groups, OBut denotes a tert-butyloxy group, and solvent denotes a solvent selected from such as ethyl acetate, i-PrOAc, MTBE (methyl t-butyl ether), 2-MeTHF, MeCN, and dioxane,
c) step 3:
subsequent conversion of (E)-4-N,N-dimethylamino crotonic acid hydrochloride salt I\u2032 into the activated derivative II
wherein R1 and R2 both denote methyl groups, with thionylchloride as the chlorinating agent,
and
e) step 4:
wherein X denotes a nitrogen atom,
Ra denotes the 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl group,
Rc denotes a tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-oxy group, and R1 and R2 both denote methyl groups.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A surgical blade assembly comprising:
a scalpel blade;
a body operatively connected to said scalpel blade; and
a guard attached to said body and movable between an open position and a closed position wherein said closed position at least partially covers said scalpel blade.
2. A surgical blade as set forth in claim 1 wherein said guard is resiliently biased towards said closed position.
3. The surgical blade assembly of claim 2 wherein said guard pivots relative to said scalpel blade between said open position and said closed position.
4. The surgical blade assembly of claim 3 wherein a spring resiliently biases said guard towards said closed position.
5. The surgical blade assembly of claim 4 wherein said spring is positioned in said handle to extend at an angle relative to a top surface of said handle and such that said hood is caused to pivot about a pivot point.
6. The surgical blade assembly of claim 5 wherein said spring is spaced relative to said hinge point to be on an opposed side of said hinge point relative to said blade.
7. The surgical blade assembly of claim 1 wherein said guard has a thinner portion and a thicker portion, with said thicker portion being spaced from a forward end of said scalpel blade, and said thinner portion being positioned adjacent said forward end of said scalpel blade to minimize the obstruction of a surgeon’s view.
8. The surgical blade assembly of claim 1 wherein said guard is formed of a generally transparent plastic.
9. A surgical blade assembly comprising:
a scalpel blade;
a body operatively connected to said scalpel blade;
a guard attached to said body and pivotally movable between an open position and a closed position wherein said closed position at least partially covers said scalpel blade; and
a spring resiliently biasing said guard towards said closed position.
10. A surgical blade assembly as set forth in claim 9 wherein said guard is resiliently biased towards said closed position.
11. The surgical blade assembly of claim 10 wherein said guard pivots relative to said scalpel blade between said open position and said closed position.
12. The surgical blade assembly of claim 9 wherein said guard has a thinner portion and a thicker portion, with said thicker portion being spaced from a forward end of said scalpel blade, and said thinner portion being positioned adjacent said forward end of said scalpel blade to minimize the obstruction of a surgeon’s view.
13. The surgical blade assembly of claim 9 wherein said guard is formed of a generally transparent plastic.