Author: claimsbot

1. A system for terminating a genetic algorithm (GA) comprising: an iterator that executes a GA that generates at least one best solution per iteration;
a memory that stores a plurality of best solutions generated in a plurality of iterations of the GA, wherein a best solution is stored in the memory if a fitness function of the best solution is greater than a fitness function of a previous best solution generated in a previous iteration;
an iterative processor that computes a variance of the plurality of the best solutions stored in the memory; and
a terminating processor that terminates the iterator when the variance is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold,
wherein the terminating processor determines whether the variance is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold after a predetermined number of iterations are completed following a starting iteration, and
wherein the predetermined number of iterations is statistically determined based on a rate of change of the variance when the rate of change of the variance relative to a number of the iterations is negative.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the iterative processor computes the variance when a starting iteration is reached.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is statistically determined based on a rate of change of the variance when the rate of change of the variance relative to a number of the iterations is negative.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the starting iteration is statistically determined based on a rate of change of the variance when the rate of change of the variance relative to a number of the iterations is positive.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the iterative processor generates the at least one best solution per iteration from a population of solutions using the fitness function, wherein each solution in the population is coded as a string of a finite length, and wherein a starting iteration is statistically determined based on the finite length and a size of the population.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein when the variance is greater than the predetermined threshold, the iterative processor generates a subsequent population of solutions from the population of solutions using operators including selection, crossover, and mutation.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is selected based on a desired accuracy of the GA.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold takes into account properties of an objective function and genetic parameters used in the GA.
9. A method for terminating a genetic algorithm (GA), comprising:
executing a GA by an iterator to generate at least one best solution per iteration;
storing a plurality of best solutions generated in a plurality of iterations of the GA, wherein the best solution is stored in a memory if a fitness function of the best solution is greater than a fitness function of a previous best solution generated in a previous iteration;
computing a variance of the plurality of best solutions stored in the memory using an iterative processor;
terminating the iterator using a terminating processor when the variance is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold;
determining whether the variance is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold after a redetermined number of iterations are completed when a starting iteration is reached; and
determining statistically the predetermined number of iterations based on a rate of change of the variance when the rate of change of the variance relative to a number of iterations is negative.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising computing the variance when a starting iteration is reached.
11. The method of claim 9, further comprising determining statistically the predetermined threshold based on a rate of change of the variance when the rate of change of the variance relative to a number of the iterations is negative, wherein the predetermined threshold takes into account properties of an objective function and genetic parameters used in the GA.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining statistically the starting iteration based on a rate of change of the variance when the rate of change of the variance relative to a number of iterations is positive.
13. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating the at least one best solution per iteration from a population of solutions using the fitness function, wherein each solution in the population is coded as a string of a finite length, and wherein the starting iteration is determined statistically based on the finite length and a size of the population.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising generating a subsequent population of solutions from the population of solutions using operators including selection, crossover, and mutation when the variance is greater than the predetermined threshold.
15. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting the predetermined threshold based on a desired accuracy of the GA.
16. A tangible computer-readable storage device for storing program instructions that cause a processor to perform steps of the method of claim 9 when the processor executes the program instructions.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A drawer slide locating system including an outer rail, an inner rail, and a bearing carrier, the bearing carrier containing balls and being disposed between the inner rail and the outer rail, a bracket being disposed to a front end of the outer rail, the bracket being provided with a locking piece in the direction facing the bearing carrier, two wings respectively extending from both sides of the locking piece and being connected to the bracket to define a leverage axis, a slot corresponding to the locking piece being disposed on the outer rail, the locking piece comprising a first end and a second end thereof, the first end of the locking piece being lower than the bottom of the bearing carrier and the second end of the locking piece being held against by the bottom of a front end of the bearing carrier, and a hooking portion being disposed on the first end of the locking piece, a retaining surface being disposed on the bearing carrier in relation to the first end of the locking piece, and the retaining surface being a raised side of a protrusion for the retaining surface and the hooking portion of the locking piece to hold against each other.
2. The drawer slide locating system of claim 1, wherein a protruding plate is disposed to the front end of the bearing carrier and a corresponding protrusion is disposed on the second end of the locking piece.
3. The drawer slide locating system of claim 1, wherein a protruding plate is disposed to the front end of the bearing carrier and a convex is formed on the bottom of the protruding plate.
4. A drawer slide locating system including an outer rail, an inner rail, and a bearing carrier, the bearing carrier containing balls and being disposed between the inner rail and the outer rail, a bracket being disposed to a front end of the outer rail, the bracket being provided with a locking piece in the direction facing the bearing carrier, two wings respectively extending from both sides of the locking piece and being connected to the bracket to define a leverage axis, a slot corresponding to the locking piece being disposed on the outer rail, the locking piece comprising a first end and a second end thereof, the first end of the locking piece being lower than the bottom of the bearing carrier and the second end of the locking piece being held against by the bottom of a front end of the bearing carrier, and a hooking portion being disposed on the first end of the locking piece, a retaining surface being disposed on the bearing carrier in relation to the first end of the locking piece, and the retaining surface being a concave side of a pit for the retaining surface and the hooking portion of the locking piece to hold against each other.
5. A drawer slide locating system including an outer rail, an inner rail, and a bearing carrier, the bearing carrier containing balls and being disposed between the inner rail and the outer rail, a bracket being disposed to a front end of the outer rail, the bracket being provided with a locking piece in the direction facing the bearing carrier, two wings respectively extending from both sides of the locking piece and being connected to the bracket to define a leverage axis, a slot corresponding to the locking piece being disposed on the outer rail, the locking piece comprising a first end and a second end thereof, the first end of the locking piece being lower than the bottom of the bearing carrier and the second end of the locking piece being held against by the bottom of a front end of the bearing carrier, and a hooking portion being disposed on the first end of the locking piece, a retaining surface being disposed on the bearing carrier in relation to the first end of the locking piece; and the retaining surface being an edge surface of a through hole for the retaining surface and the hooking portion of the locking piece to hold against each other.

1. A pneumatic tire comprising:
an annular bead core provided in a bead portion;
a bead filler provided in an outer side in a tire diametrical direction of the bead core and having a triangular cross-sectional shape as a whole formed by an axially outer surface, an axially inner surface, and a radially inner surface;
a carcass ply rolled up in such a manner as to pinch the bead core and the bead filler; and
a white rubber arranged in an outer side of the carcass ply of the side wall portion, and having an inner peripheral end positioned in an axially outer side of the bead filler, wherein
the bead filler has a main body rubber portion running into the bead core from a leading end, and a soft rubber portion constructing part of the axially outer surface of the bead filler and positioned in an axially inner side of the inner peripheral end of the white rubber, and the soft rubber portion is harder than the white rubber and softer than the main body rubber portion, the bead filler consisting of a radially innermost part made only of the main body rubber portion, a radially outermost part made only of the main body rubber portion, and a center part made of the combination of the main body rubber portion and the soft rubber portion, and wherein
in the center part the main body rubber portion is constricted at a constricted region at the center of the outer side surface of the main body rubber portion, and the soft rubber portion is provided in the constricted region.
2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a cross sectional height of the soft rubber portion with respect to the bead filler is between 30 and 50%.
3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a cross sectional area of the soft rubber portion with respect to the bead filler is less than 30%.
4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of the cross sectional area of the soft rubber portion with respect to the bead filler is 15% or more, and is less than 30%.
5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a rubber hardness of the main body rubber portion is between 75 and 95\xb0, and a rubber hardness of the soft rubber portion is between 50 and 60\xb0.
6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein a rubber hardness difference between the main body rubber portion and the soft rubber portion is equal to or more than 20\xb0.
7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1, wherein an end of the rolled up carcass ply is in contact with the carcass ply.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A developer recovering mechanism used in a developing apparatus having a developer cartridge which houses developer, a developing unit in which the developer cartridge is installed and which can make a latent image of an image carrier visible by the developer, and a rotor at which the developing unit is loaded and which rotates and moves the developing unit successively to a developing region, the developer recovering mechanism comprising:
a housing chamber provided at the developer cartridge, for housing recovered developer;
a recovery opening for recovering developer, which is in the developing unit, into the housing chamber; and
a shutter which is plate-shaped, one end side of the shutter being rotatably shaft-supported within the housing chamber, the shutter opening and closing the recovery opening in accordance with changes in gravity due to rotation of the rotor.
2. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 1, further comprising a regulating plate which stands erect from a shaft portion side of the shutter, and which regulates back flow of the developer within the housing chamber to the recovery opening.
3. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 2, wherein the regulating plate is provided so as to face the recovery opening, and regulates an angle of rotation of the shutter at a time when the shutter is open, the regulating plate being set to a height such that the developer within the housing chamber does not leak out to the recovery opening.
4. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 1, wherein the recovery opening and a shaft-supporting portion which supports a shaft portion of the shutter, are molded integrally with a tubular cap which is attached to an opening end of the housing chamber.
5. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 1, wherein the shutter is formed by a plate body which blocks the recovery opening, and a shaft which extends from a corner portion of the plate body, and
the shaft-supporting portion, which is provided at the cap in order to support the shaft, is formed by a pair of groove portions which support end portions of the shaft, and a presser plate which is provided between the pair of groove portions and prevents the shaft from falling out from the groove portions.
6. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 2, further comprising a cap which is tubular and which is attached to an opening of the housing chamber and in which the recovery opening is formed, the regulating plate and the shutter being provided integrally with the cap.
7. An image forming apparatus comprising the developer recovering mechanism of claim 1.
8. A developer recovering mechanism used in a developing apparatus having a developer cartridge which houses developer, a developing unit in which the developer cartridge is installed and which can make a latent image of an image carrier visible by the developer, and a rotor at which the developing unit is loaded and which rotates and moves the developing unit successively to a developing region, the developer recovering mechanism comprising:
a housing chamber provided at the developer cartridge, for housing therein developer which is recovered from an interior of the developing unit such that the developer recovered from the interior of the developing unit does not mix with new developer;
a recovery opening formed in the housing chamber, for introducing the developer within the interior of the developing unit to the housing chamber therethrough;
a cap attached to an opening end of the housing chamber;
a solid plate-like shutter, one end side of the shutter being rotatably shaft-supported at the cap, the shutter being able to open and close the recovery opening in accordance with changes in gravity due to rotation of the rotor; and
a regulating plate standing erect from the cap so as to face the recovery opening with the shutter being disposed between the regulating plate and the recovery opening.
9. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 8, wherein the shutter rotates in accordance with changes in gravity due to the rotation of the rotor and contacts the regulating plate accordingly, and rotation of the shutter is thereby regulated.
10. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 8, wherein the regulating plate is set to a height such that the developer within the housing chamber does not leak out to the recovery opening when the shutter is open.
11. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 8, wherein the regulating plate is disposed apart from the shutter so as to permit sufficient opening of the recovery opening when the shutter is open.
12. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 8, wherein the recovery opening, a shaft portion of the shutter, and the regulating plate are substantially parallel to one another.
13. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 8, wherein the shutter is formed by a plate body which blocks the recovery opening, and a shaft which extends from a corner portion of the plate body, and
a shaft-supporting portion, which is provided at the cap in order to support the shaft, is formed by a pair of groove portions which support end portions of the shaft, and a presser plate which is provided between the pair of groove portions and prevents the shaft from falling out from the groove portions.
14. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 13, wherein the cap further has a plate piece in which an opening corresponding with the recovery opening is formed, and the shaft-supporting portion is provided integrally with the plate piece.
15. The developer recovering mechanism of claim 14, wherein the regulating plate stands erect substantially parallel to the plate piece.
16. An image forming apparatus comprising the developer recovering mechanism of claim 8.